New silver curbs tighten bullion inflows

New Delhi has tightened import controls on key silver categories, making prior authorisation from the Directorate General of Foreign Trade mandatory for specified products under Chapter 71 of the ITC 2022 schedule.

The amended rules, issued through Notification No. 19/2026-27 dated 2 June 2026, apply with immediate effect to silver powder, silver grains, silver of 99.9% purity or more, and other unwrought silver. The change adds a fresh approval layer to a trade channel that was already limited to nominated agencies, banks and qualified jewellers using authorised routes.

The affected ITC codes include 71061000 for silver powder, 71069110 for silver grains, 71069120 for silver containing 99.9% or more by weight of silver, and 71069190 for other unwrought silver. These categories fall within the broader heading for silver, including silver plated with gold or platinum, in unwrought, semi-manufactured or powder form.

Until the amendment, eligible imports could be routed through banks notified by the Reserve Bank of India, agencies notified by the DGFT, and qualified jewellers notified by the International Financial Services Centres Authority for imports through the India International Bullion Exchange. The new framework keeps those channels in place but requires a valid DGFT Import Authorisation before shipments can proceed.

The order marks a sharper shift in bullion management after curbs were placed in May on silver bars of 99.9% purity and other semi-manufactured forms. Together, the steps move a large portion of silver inflows away from a relatively open framework towards a case-by-case approval regime. The policy direction points to closer official monitoring of volumes, end-use and trade routing at a time when precious-metal purchases have added pressure to the external account.

Silver imports have climbed sharply, with the country’s import bill for the metal touching a record $12 billion in the financial year ended March 2026, compared with $4.8 billion a year earlier. April shipments rose 157% year on year to $411 million, underlining the scale of demand before the latest controls took effect.

The bullion market is likely to feel the immediate impact through slower approvals, tighter availability and wider domestic premiums if import authorisations do not keep pace with demand. Dealers have already been adjusting to a compliance-heavy environment, including the April publication of the list of banks authorised to import gold and silver until March 2029 after delays had held up consignments at customs.

The policy also comes after duties on gold and silver were raised to 15% from 6%, a move aimed at discouraging discretionary imports of precious metals. Higher tariffs and tighter licensing conditions together indicate a broader attempt to contain import demand, protect foreign exchange reserves and reduce pressure on the rupee at a time when oil and other commodity bills remain sensitive to global price swings.

Industrial users will be watching the authorisation process closely because silver is not only a bullion and jewellery metal. It is used in electronics, solar cells, conductive pastes, precision engineering, industrial chemicals and electrical components. Silver powder and grains are important inputs for manufacturers as well as refiners and jewellers, making clarity on approval timelines essential for supply planning.

Investment demand has become a larger part of the market’s momentum. Silver bars, coins and exchange-traded products have attracted interest from investors looking for exposure to precious metals, particularly when global uncertainty and currency volatility lift demand for hard assets. That trend has complicated policy choices because the same metal feeds both household savings and industrial supply chains.

The India International Bullion Exchange remains central to the formalisation of bullion trade through GIFT City, especially for qualified jewellers using the exchange route. By requiring DGFT authorisation even for eligible jewellers importing through IIBX, the amendment signals that institutional routing alone will no longer be treated as sufficient compliance for specified silver categories.

Silver dore imports by refineries continue under the existing licence framework with actual-user conditions where applicable, leaving the refining route distinct from the broader authorisation requirement for covered products. This distinction matters for refiners that process raw material into marketable silver, though they too are operating in a tighter policy environment.

Major supply sources for the country include the UAE, Britain and China, making the rule change relevant for global bullion flows as well as domestic trade. Suppliers may face slower shipment planning, while banks and nominated agencies will need to factor DGFT approvals into import schedules.

The immediate test for the new system will be administrative efficiency. A transparent and predictable authorisation process could help the government track sensitive inflows without disrupting legitimate industrial consumption. Delays, however, could push up local premiums, affect manufacturers dependent on imported feedstock and encourage buyers to shift procurement strategies.