Currently standing as the fifth-largest economy with a gross domestic product of $3.5 trillion in 2023, India is on track to reach $4.7 trillion by 2026, surpassing Japan to become the fourth-largest economy. By 2028, the GDP is expected to further expand to $5.7 trillion, positioning India ahead of Germany. This trajectory marks a significant rise from its 12th position in 1990, 13th in 2000, 9th in 2020, and 5th in 2023.
Several foundational factors contribute to this robust economic growth. India’s burgeoning population offers a vast labor force and consumer base, fostering both production and consumption. The nation’s democratic framework ensures policy continuity and stability, attracting foreign investments. Macroeconomic stability, characterized by controlled inflation and prudent fiscal policies, has created a conducive environment for sustainable growth. Infrastructure development, including advancements in transportation and digital connectivity, has enhanced efficiency and productivity across sectors. Additionally, a rising entrepreneurial class has spurred innovation and competitiveness, further propelling economic expansion.
Morgan Stanley outlines three potential scenarios for India’s economic future by 2035:
– Bear Scenario: GDP reaches $6.6 trillion.
– Base Scenario: GDP grows to $8.8 trillion.
– Bull Scenario: GDP surges to $10.3 trillion.
In these scenarios, GDP per capita is projected to rise from $2,514 in 2025 to $4,247 , $5,683 , and $6,706 by 2035.
The government’s strategic initiatives have played a pivotal role in this economic ascent. Programs like ‘Make in India’ have invigorated the manufacturing sector, encouraging both domestic and foreign companies to establish production units within the country. The ‘Digital India’ campaign has significantly improved digital infrastructure, increasing internet penetration and promoting e-governance, thereby enhancing transparency and efficiency. These initiatives have collectively created a more business-friendly environment, attracting global investors and fostering economic growth.
The international community has taken note of India’s economic potential. Germany, for instance, is actively seeking to strengthen ties with India to diversify its economic partnerships and reduce reliance on China. German companies are increasingly investing in India, drawn by its vast market, youthful workforce, and relatively lower costs. This strategic move aligns with Germany’s efforts to diversify supply chains and mitigate economic risks associated with over-reliance on a single country.
However, challenges persist on India’s path to sustained economic growth. Concerns about the country potentially aging before achieving widespread prosperity have been raised. Issues such as unemployment, particularly among the educated youth, and a stagnating middle class could impede economic progress. To address these challenges, economists emphasize the need for India to maintain a growth rate of approximately 8% per year. Additionally, the prospect of an aging population, coupled with declining fertility rates, necessitates strategic planning to ensure a balanced and inclusive growth trajectory.
In the realm of global manufacturing, India has the opportunity to position itself as a viable alternative to China. By capitalizing on the ‘China plus One’ strategy, India can attract foreign investments in low-skilled manufacturing sectors. This approach not only diversifies global supply chains but also creates employment opportunities within the country, contributing to economic growth. However, achieving this requires addressing structural challenges, such as improving labor laws and enhancing ease of doing business, to create a more conducive environment for manufacturing investments.
