The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists , such as semaglutide—marketed under brand names like Wegovy and Ozempic—has surged among adolescents and young adults. Between 2020 and 2023, the number of individuals aged 12 to 25 receiving these prescriptions increased from 8,722 to 60,567, marking a 594.4% rise. This trend is particularly pronounced among young women, with a 659.4% increase observed in females aged 18 to 25.
Originally developed for type 2 diabetes management, GLP-1 RAs have gained popularity for their weight loss benefits. In 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved semaglutide for chronic weight management in adults with obesity. Subsequent studies, such as the “STEP TEENS” trial, have demonstrated significant weight reduction in adolescents aged 12 to 17, leading to expanded use in this demographic.
Despite these promising outcomes, the long-term effects of GLP-1 RA use in younger populations remain largely unknown. Dr. Janet Cooper, a pediatric endocrinologist, emphasizes the uncertainty: “We don’t know the long-term consequences of using these drugs in a brain that’s still developing.” Concerns extend beyond neurological development; potential physical side effects include gallbladder issues, kidney problems, and a boxed warning about the risk of thyroid cancer associated with semaglutide.
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