Millions of Egyptians are due to elect their third president in as many years, in a race largely expected to be won by the country’s former army chief.
The two-day vote, which began on Monday, pits retired field marshal Abdel Fattah el-Sisi , who enjoys widespread popularity in the country of 90 million, against left-wing candidate Hamdeen Sabahi .
A former legislator and long-term Nasserist activist, Sabahi came in third when he ran for Egypt’s top post in 2012.
Many doubt how free the presidential polls really are and have accused the current government of cracking down on dissent.
The vote is part of a political road map announced by Sisi after he led a coup that ousted Egypt’s first democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi.
In a report issued on May 16, the US-based Carter Center expressed concerns about “the restrictive political and legal context surrounding Egypt’s electoral process, the lack of a genuinely competitive campaign environment, and the deep political polarisation that threatens the country’s transition”.
Carter Center representatives will be among a number of international observers monitoring the polls, including the EU.
Former US President Jimmy Carter, chairman of the centre, called on whoever is elected president to “take immediate steps to foster dialogue and political accommodation to ensure that the full spectrum of Egyptian society can participate meaningfully in politics”.
INTERACTIVE: Egypt votes for president
More than 53 million voters are eligible to take part in the polls. Several political groups boycotted the vote including the Muslim Brotherhood, April 6 movement and Strong Egypt party. The Presidential Election Commission , a panel tasked with monitoring the vote whose results are immune to appeals, has set up over 25,000 voting stations across the country, monitored by about 16,000 judges.
In a statement issued on the official Facebook page of the army’s spokesperson, about 182,000 military personnel will be deployed alongside police forces, amid fears that violence could disrupt the vote.
Election results are due to come out on June 5, nearly one year after Morsi was unseated in a coup led by Sisi. Millions of people had rallied to cut short Morsi’s four-year tenure, as his first year in office was marred by deep polarisation and sporadic violence.
Since then, Sisi, who was chosen by Morsi at the end of 2012 to be his defence minister, has developed God-like status in Egypt, and has been deemed the country’s saviour from political Islam. Grassroots campaigns urged Sisi to present his candidacy for president, and his posters have draped buildings and lined roads in the capital and around the country.
“It’s like a Mercedes racing a bike,” Emad Shahin, visiting political science professor at Columbia University, told Al Jazeera. “Sisi’s campaign has been under way for over 10 months.”
An electoral silence started on Saturday at midnight, only days after Sisi’s campaign disclosed its electoral programme. The front runner’s number one mission, according to his platform, would be to restore security and stability, and heal the country’s debt-laden economy. This is likely to come at the expense of freedoms.
According to a tally issued on May 25 by the Egyptian Centre for Social and Economic Rights , more than 41,000 people have either been charged or detained since the July coup, the majority of whom are Morsi supporters, but also liberals who grew critical of the new regime. Hundreds of protesters have been killed in that same period at the hands of security forces.
Sisi’s opponents have criticised the candidate’s repeated refusal to present a detailed plan, his use of televised, pre-recorded interviews to address his support base instead of direct meetings, and his refusal to have a live debate with Sabahi.
“He is promoting an individualistic programme, based on him, his brand. He is feeding on people’s fears, and intellectuals surrounding him have been playing the security card and how his military background makes him fit for the task,” Shahin said.
The military-backed post-coup government passed a law restricting public protests , which it claims is essential to restore a sense of normalcy to the country and revive an economy battered by the three-year unrest.
The Egyptian diaspora voted earlier this month. More than 300,000 voters cast their ballot in about 140 countries, and 94 percent endorsed Sisi’s candidacy.
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(via Al Jazeera)
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