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The guidance, issued on May 25 in a 38-page blueprint, reflects growing official concern that attackers are using generative AI, large language models and autonomous tools to discover exposed systems, weaponise flaws, craft phishing lures and scale malware operations faster than conventional security programmes can respond. The document places rapid remediation, continuous monitoring and exposure reduction at the centre of enterprise cyber defence.

CERT-In’s most stringent timeline applies to known exploited vulnerabilities affecting internet-facing and critical systems, including applications, identity platforms, cloud assets, APIs, operational technology and systems supporting essential business functions. Organisations are advised to patch, mitigate or isolate such weaknesses within 12 hours where feasible. Critical externally exposed vulnerabilities should be addressed within one day, while known exploited flaws inside internal systems should be fixed within one day unless compensating controls are implemented and documented.

The blueprint also recommends that critical internal vulnerabilities affecting high-value systems be remediated within three days, and high-severity vulnerabilities within five days based on risk prioritisation. Where patches are unavailable, organisations are expected to use temporary protections such as isolation, access restrictions, web application firewalls, API shields, feature disabling and enhanced monitoring until permanent fixes are deployed.

The directive signals a shift from audit-driven cybersecurity to continuous exposure management. CERT-In has warned that organisations can no longer depend on periodic assessments or reactive incident response when automated tools can identify weak credentials, misconfigured systems, insecure APIs and vulnerable internet-facing services at machine speed. The approach requires security teams to maintain live inventories of assets, prioritise exposed systems and test whether controls work under attack conditions.

AI is changing both sides of the cyber equation. Attackers can use it to automate reconnaissance, write exploit code, refine phishing messages, generate synthetic identities and adapt malicious software. Defenders are being pushed to use similar capabilities for anomaly detection, threat hunting, automated triage and faster containment. The risk, however, is that poorly governed AI systems can themselves become attack surfaces through prompt injection, data leakage, model manipulation, poisoned training data, model theft and compromised orchestration pipelines.

The guidance gives particular weight to organisations operating in banking, financial services, telecom, healthcare, government, energy, transport, cloud services and other critical infrastructure-linked sectors. These environments often rely on interconnected digital systems, third-party software, outsourced technology providers and legacy platforms, creating wider exposure when a single flaw is weaponised quickly.

Global breach data has reinforced the urgency behind faster patching. Software vulnerability exploitation has overtaken stolen credentials as a leading breach entry point in major datasets, while ransomware remains a high-impact threat. Security teams also face growing pressure from supply-chain compromise, shadow AI usage, cloud misconfiguration and business email compromise. Unauthorised use of public AI tools has become a data governance issue as employees may upload source code, business documents, credentials or customer information into platforms outside corporate oversight.

CERT-In’s blueprint calls for a zero-trust approach, least-privilege access, layered controls and secure-by-design practices across applications, infrastructure and AI workflows. It urges organisations to maintain visibility into AI deployments, restrict sensitive data uploads to public AI platforms, log AI activity, conduct adversarial testing and keep human approval for critical autonomous actions.

Software supply-chain visibility is another major focus. Organisations are encouraged to use software bills of materials and related inventories for AI models, cryptographic assets and hardware components to understand dependencies, validate provenance and coordinate remediation when vulnerabilities emerge in third-party products.

The new expectations build on India’s existing cyber incident reporting framework, under which specified cyber incidents must be reported to CERT-In within six hours. The latest blueprint does not merely extend compliance obligations; it raises operational expectations for boards, chief information security officers and technology vendors by linking resilience to the speed of response.

Smaller organisations may struggle with the 12-hour benchmark because patch testing, downtime concerns, legacy dependencies and staffing shortages often slow remediation. The guidance therefore recognises feasible mitigation as part of the response, but it also makes clear that unmanaged exposure is no longer acceptable when attackers can exploit public-facing weaknesses within hours.

Another significant step towards the success of ICVAX®

HONG KONG SAR – Media OutReach Newswire – 27 May 2026 – Immuno Cure Group (“Immuno Cure“), headquartered at Hong Kong Science Park, is pleased to announce the inauguration of the research facility for its HIV therapeutic DNA vaccine (“ICVAX^®“) at the Center of International Innovation for Technology and Science (“CIITS”) located in Hetao, Shenzhen. The facility aims for the development and application of key technologies for the clinical research and commercialization of Immuno Cure’s ICVAX^®. ICVAX^® is developed by Immuno Cure with the aim of achieving antiretroviral therapy (“ART“)-free functional cure for HIV infection. This project is carried out in collaboration with Prof. Zhiwei CHEN, the Founding Director of the AIDS Institute of Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong (“HKU AIDS Institute“), and Prof. Hongzhou LU, President of the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, in the capacity as advisors.

CIITS is a national-level achievement transformation platform co-built by Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Municipality, and Tsinghua University, and is located at the Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Co-operation Zone (“Hetao Co-operation Zone“). It is committed to building a world’s leading major technological innovation and industrialization platform with a global perspective. It focuses on key tracks including biomedicine, high-performance materials, and artificial intelligence (AI). It aims to aggregate global innovation resources, connect with leading enterprises, and conduct organized scientific research and achievement transformation to address national major strategic needs.

Since AIDS was first identified in 1981, 40.8 million people have died from HIV infection, with over 44.1 million people living with HIV globally. While antiretroviral therapy can effectively control HIV replication, it cannot cure the disease, highlighting the critical need for immunotherapies. Designed to enhance the host’s immune response, immunotherapies aim to achieve sustained viral control without lifelong ART, ultimately leading to complete viral suppression and functional cure. Immuno Cure’s proprietary innovative HIV therapeutic DNA vaccine, ICVAX^®, induces broad-spectrum, polyfunctional virus-specific T cells to achieve the ultimate goal of ART-free functional cure of HIV infection.

Immuno Cure completed the first-in-human Phase I clinical trial of ICVAX^® in November 2024, demonstrating excellent safety and promising immunogenicity. Two multi-center Phase II clinical trials—randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled—are scheduled to launch in Q2-2026 to evaluate the vaccine’s mechanism of action and efficacy. The trials will be conducted at Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong, as well as eight top-tier hospitals in China, including the Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Youan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, the Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, the Second People’s Hospital of Tianjin, the Sixth People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, and Chongqing Public Health Medical Center.

Notably, standardized testing systems for evaluating immunological and virological indicators are crucial for HIV vaccine clinical trials. However, the lack of domestic standard operating procedures (SOPs) for infectious samples in clinical trials hinders the clinical development and regulatory approval of novel infectious disease therapies like ICVAX^®. The mission of this research facility at CIITS is to establish an internationally aligned standardized clinical testing system for T-cell immunogenicity and viral reservoirs, as well as identify core biomarkers associated with vaccine efficacy — filling a domestic technical gap. Immuno Cure will offer the ICVAX^® Phase II clinical trial to facilitate the development of this standardized precision testing method for clinical sample analysis.

Dr. Xia JIN, CEO of Immuno Cure, stated, “I am delighted to be appointed to lead this key project of CIITS. I would also like to thank CIITS for the fully fitted modern laboratory space and the RMB10.0m funding support for this 2-year initial phase. My whole scientific team is committed to contributing diligently to the success of this project. I have no doubt that the development of a standardised testing regime would not only enhance the quality of our clinical trials for ICVAX^® but would also eventually be adopted as industry and national standards for the clinical translation of medicine for HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases.

Renchen LIU, Executive Deputy Dean of Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen and Director of CIITS, stated, “Warmest congratulations on the inauguration of the research facility for ICVAX^® at the CIITS. In the future, CIITS will continue to leverage its platform resources to implement full-chain incubation services. Project managers will provide service support throughout the entire project period, ensuring the smooth progress of the project through resource integration, talent recruitment and development, clinical collaboration, and achievement transformation. These efforts will safeguard the steady progress of the project.”

As the project advances, Immuno Cure’s ICVAX^® is positioned to become the world’s first therapeutic DNA vaccine to deliver an ART-free functional cure for HIV infection, bringing new hope to people currently living with HIV. In parallel, the standardized testing platform and collaborative innovation model developed through this effort will provide a scalable, replicable blueprint for R&D of novel therapies targeting other major infectious diseases. Together, these outcomes will strengthen the global competitiveness of biomedicine development in GBA and contribute to the development of national biosecurity capabilities and a more resilient public health system.

Hashtag: #ImmunoCure

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About the Center of International Innovation for Technology and Science (“CIITS”)

Center of International Innovation for Technology and Science (CIITS), as the international headquarter of the Greater Bay Area National Center of Technology Innovation (GBA NCTI), is operated by Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen (RITS). CIITS actively promotes the commercialization of technology and scientific advances with overseas and domestic innovation institutions and teams, as well as industry partners, focusing on areas such as biomedicine, advanced materials and artificial intelligence.

To learn more about CIITS, please follow the WeChat official account: gh_425f503135d5

About Immuno Cure

Immuno Cure is a clinical-stage biotechnology group headquartered at Hong Kong Science Park. Immuno Cure is committed to the R&D of innovative DNA vaccines and antibody immunotherapies for infectious diseases, inflammations, and cancers. Immuno Cure possesses two technologies: the “PD-1 Enhanced DNA Vaccine Platform” and the “Anti-Δ42PD1 Antibody”.

To learn more about Immuno Cure, please visit: www.immunocure.hk

The arrangement makes BlockShoals the approved local intermediary under the SEC’s StratBox framework, while Binance supplies technology, security systems, operational support and compliance expertise developed across regulated markets. The sandbox phase is expected to begin in the second half of 2026 and run for at least two years, giving regulators direct oversight of product testing before any wider rollout to users.

The move marks a notable shift in Binance’s strategy in the Philippines. Rather than seeking to restore access through an offshore model, the exchange is now pursuing market participation through a domestic company operating under SEC supervision. BlockShoals, a Philippine-incorporated fintech firm, secured approval under the crypto asset intermediary framework after a multi-year process involving regulatory conditions, compliance checks and investor-protection requirements.

Binance’s online presence in the Philippines was blocked in 2024 after the SEC said the platform had offered investment and trading services without the necessary licence. The regulator had warned the public about the exchange in November 2023, then moved to restrict website access through telecommunications authorities the following year. The action became one of the clearest signals that Manila intended to bring offshore digital-asset platforms under local rules.

That enforcement drive has since widened. The SEC’s crypto-asset service provider rules, issued in 2025, require firms serving Philippine users to register, maintain sufficient capital, observe marketing standards, and meet operational and reporting obligations. The framework is intended to protect retail investors while allowing controlled innovation in a market where crypto use remains high by regional and global standards.

The Philippines ranked ninth in the 2025 global crypto adoption index, reflecting strong activity across retail centralised services and digital-asset platforms. Usage has been driven by a young, mobile-first population, remittance demand, online work, gaming-linked crypto activity and a broad appetite for alternative financial products. That adoption has also heightened regulatory concern over fraud, weak disclosures, market volatility and the risks of foreign platforms serving users without domestic accountability.

Seker, Binance’s head of Asia-Pacific, described the Philippines as one of Southeast Asia’s most dynamic digital economies, saying frameworks such as StratBox create a channel for regulators and industry participants to work together while maintaining user protection and market integrity. The company has presented the BlockShoals partnership as part of a compliance-first approach rather than a conventional market relaunch.

BlockShoals has framed its role around local accountability. A company representative said the partnership was an opportunity to show that global digital-asset platforms and domestic regulatory frameworks could operate constructively together, adding that the firm would work under direct SEC supervision while building a secure platform for users.

The sandbox structure gives the SEC room to monitor how products are configured, how customer onboarding is handled, how risks are disclosed, and how safeguards such as know-your-customer checks, anti-money-laundering controls and transaction monitoring are applied. It also gives Binance a pathway to rebuild trust after a period in which its Philippine operations were defined by access restrictions and licensing concerns.

The Philippine approach mirrors a broader shift across Asia, where regulators are moving away from informal tolerance of offshore crypto activity and towards domestic licensing regimes. Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia and Japan have tightened rules for exchanges, stablecoin activity, custody, marketing and investor suitability. The result is a more fragmented operating environment for global platforms, with access increasingly dependent on local registration, capital commitments and regulator-facing governance.

For Binance, the Philippine partnership carries strategic value beyond one market. The exchange has spent the past several years seeking to repair relations with regulators after facing scrutiny in multiple jurisdictions. A successful sandbox test in Manila would support its argument that global crypto platforms can adapt to local rules through partnerships, product controls and supervised deployment.

Online retail sales of goods and services rose 6.6 per cent year on year in January-April, reaching about 6.53 trillion yuan, as digital platforms continued to draw shoppers through discounts, livestreaming, faster delivery and wider service offerings. Online retail sales of goods contributed 72.2 per cent to the growth of total retail sales of consumer goods, underlining the sector’s importance to household consumption and the wider services economy.

The performance stood out against a softer macroeconomic backdrop. Total retail sales of consumer goods increased 1.9 per cent year on year to 16.49 trillion yuan in the first four months, while April’s retail sales rose only 0.2 per cent from a year earlier, slowing sharply from March. Industrial output also moderated in April, while fixed-asset investment weakened in the January-April period, adding pressure on policymakers to keep consumption and digital commerce at the centre of growth-support measures.

Food, apparel, daily necessities and services remained key pillars of online demand. Online sales of agricultural products rose 12.2 per cent during the four-month period, reflecting stronger farm-to-consumer supply chains and the growing ability of digital platforms to connect rural producers with urban buyers. E-commerce transactions involving metal products climbed 34.8 per cent, while chemical products rose 12.2 per cent, signalling that business-to-business digital trade is becoming a larger part of the sector’s expansion.

Services delivered some of the strongest growth. Online tourism sales jumped 33.2 per cent, while online catering sales rose 20 per cent, helped by domestic travel demand, app-based restaurant bookings, group-buying promotions and instant delivery networks. This shift has broadened the definition of e-commerce beyond parcel delivery, making it a channel for local services, entertainment, travel and food consumption.

China’s major platforms remain central to the sector’s trajectory. Alibaba continues to rely on Taobao and Tmall while pushing faster local delivery through integrated quick-commerce services. JD. com is using its logistics network to defend its position in electronics, household goods and same-day fulfilment. Pinduoduo remains a powerful force in value-led shopping, while Douyin and Kuaishou have expanded livestream commerce by converting entertainment traffic into direct sales. Meituan has become a key player in instant retail, extending its food-delivery infrastructure into groceries, medicines, flowers, consumer goods and convenience-store items.

The fastest change is taking place in instant retail, where platforms promise deliveries within an hour by linking consumers to nearby warehouses, restaurants, pharmacies and shops. The model has moved beyond food delivery into daily essentials and non-food categories, creating a new battleground for Alibaba, JD. com and Meituan. Heavy subsidies have helped attract users, but they have also raised concerns about margins, rider welfare, food safety and wasteful competition.

Regulatory scrutiny is rising alongside the sector’s growth. Authorities have fined major food-delivery and e-commerce platforms over failures in vendor verification and consumer protection, while new rules on platform pricing and unfair competition are tightening oversight of discounting, algorithms and merchant treatment. The regulatory direction suggests support for digital commerce will continue, but platforms are being pushed towards higher-quality growth rather than unchecked subsidy wars.

Cross-border e-commerce also remained a bright spot. The Silk Road e-commerce initiative helped lift online sales of imported products from partner countries, with Thai durians, beverages from the UAE and Italian casual trousers recording sharp gains in January-April. The trend points to growing consumer appetite for imported food, fashion and lifestyle products, while also helping overseas exporters access China’s vast digital marketplace through platform partnerships, bonded warehouses and livestream selling.

Rural e-commerce is another policy priority. Expanded digital infrastructure, village-level logistics points and platform-backed agricultural campaigns have helped smaller producers sell fruit, tea, seafood, grains and speciality foods directly to consumers. The model supports rural incomes and reduces dependence on traditional wholesale chains, though smaller sellers still face challenges from platform fees, return costs, traffic concentration and intense price competition.

Code4Mzansi highlights the growing strength of South Africa’s developer ecosystem and the role of youth-led innovation in shaping the country’s digital future

JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA – Media OutReach Newswire – 26 May 2026 – South Africa’s emerging developers are building close to the ground, with many of the strongest solutions at the inaugural Huawei Code4Mzansi finals focused on systems people use every day: township retail, healthcare, energy, agriculture, payments and the creative economy.

The competition was held in partnership with the Department of Small Business Development. “The Code4Mzansi competition is not just a celebration of achievement, it is a launchpad for the future,” said Minister Stella Ndabeni, whose department co-hosted the event and delivered the closing address.

The finals revealed a clear shift from building abstract digital products to practical tools that help small businesses trade better, communities access services more easily, and local industries solve problems faster.

Four finalist teams focused directly on the township economy, with solutions covering food safety verification for spaza shops, offline point-of-sale systems built for load-shedding, WhatsApp-native marketplaces for informal retailers, and community credit systems for SASSA grant recipients.

Others addressed AI-driven healthcare access, electricity theft detection, smart agriculture, financial infrastructure for the creator economy, and AI-generated African music.

Held at Huawei Office Park in Woodmead, the finals brought together more than 100 attendees, including government representatives, academic partners, industry leaders and media.

“The quality of the finalist solutions demonstrated the potential of local innovation to respond to real market needs,” said Steven Chen, Cloud CEO of Huawei Technologies South Africa.

Academic partners included the University of Pretoria, the University of Johannesburg, the University of the Witwatersrand and the University of Cape Town.

“Small businesses are the backbone of our economy, and technology is their greatest accelerator. The participants here today are future entrepreneurs who will drive South Africa’s digital economy forward,” said Professor Thokozani Shongwe, Vice Dean of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Internationalisation at the University of Johannesburg’s Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment.

Industry partner rain also attended. Leon Nortje, Principal and Senior Architect at rain, said the competition offered a strong view of the country’s emerging technology pipeline.

“It is always good to see new projects and new teams working on solutions that are valuable and industry-related. We will be looking out for potential new employees,” said Nortje.

The winners

The finalists competed for a prize pool of R800,000. MAAT by SIMVAK was named the overall grand winner and received the Business Value Award, taking home R300,000. The platform addresses food safety and regulatory compliance in South Africa’s informal retail sector through AI agents, real-time product recall alerts, and counterfeit detection for the spaza shop ecosystem.

“The spaza network is the supply chain for most South African households,” said SIMVAK founder Shingirayi Mandebvu.

HealthHive by FTCK received second prize in the Business Value Award category, taking home R200,000, for its AI telemedicine platform that matches patients with the right medical practitioners based on their symptoms.

Auraa received the Grand Innovation Award for its AI music engine built to generate authentic African sound. The platform has been associated with an album that has crossed one million streams.

The Future Star Award went to e-Khadi, a community credit and stokvel platform giving SASSA grant recipients access to essentials at their local spaza shops, supported by AI-assisted credit scoring and fraud detection.

The People’s Choice Award, voted by the public on Huawei’s social media channels, went to DevRift, a semi-finalist in the competition, who took home R100,000.

Minister Ndabeni delivered the closing address, positioning Code4Mzansi within the government’s agenda for youth entrepreneurship, small business development and digital inclusion.

“Our task is to ensure that innovation does not remain a moment of applause, but becomes a pathway to enterprise creation, digital inclusion, and sustainable growth,” she said.

“Thank you to Huawei for being a perfect partner on the journey that we are travelling, and of course, those that matter most, the developers who dared to compete,” she said.

Code4Mzansi forms part of the global Huawei Cloud Developer Competition. In its inaugural edition, South Africa attracted more participants than any other country: 1,041 across 353 teams, including 176 enterprise teams, resulting in the highest enterprise participation rate among all competing markets. Twenty semi-finalists were selected before the top nine advanced to the final.

For the finalists, the work is just beginning. As Minister Ndabeni said, “Go home today proud. But tomorrow, wake up, build again.”

Hashtag: #Huawei #Code4Mzansi #SouthAfrica

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The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

About Huawei

Founded in 1987, Huawei is a leading global provider of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure and smart devices. With 213,000 employees operating in over 170 countries, we serve more than three billion people worldwide.

Huawei is committed to bringing digital to every person, home, and organisation for a fully connected, intelligent world. In 2025, Huawei generated CNY880.9 billion in revenue, reinvesting 21.8% (CNY192.3 billion) into R&D, with about 53.7% of its employees working in R&D. As a private company fully owned by its employees, Huawei focuses on customer-centric innovation and open collaboration to create lasting value and drive technological breakthroughs globally.

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Global enterprise AI expenditure is expected to reach about $940 billion in 2026 and climb to roughly $2.1 trillion by 2029, reflecting a shift from experimental deployments to large-scale use across manufacturing, finance, logistics, health care, energy and public services. China is emerging as one of the fastest-expanding markets within that cycle, helped by heavy infrastructure spending, state-backed industrial policy and a corporate race to build domestic alternatives to foreign chips, models and cloud platforms.

The acceleration is no longer confined to model development. China’s AI buildout is moving across the full technology stack, from data centres and accelerators to enterprise software, robotics and agentic systems capable of handling complex workflow tasks. The first phase of the investment wave was dominated by computing power, foundational models and large infrastructure projects. The next phase is being shaped by applied AI, intelligent services and automation across production lines, offices and consumer platforms.

That transition is putting pressure on global rivals. US technology groups still lead in advanced chips, frontier models and hyperscale cloud capacity, but China’s market has advantages in deployment speed, manufacturing depth and policy coordination. Companies including Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu, Huawei and ByteDance are expanding AI services while also trying to reduce dependence on restricted US semiconductor supplies. Alibaba has unveiled a new AI chip through its T-Head unit and is directing tens of billions of dollars into cloud and AI infrastructure over several years. Huawei’s Ascend processors have become central to China’s domestic accelerator strategy as export controls limit access to top-tier Nvidia products.

Infrastructure remains the foundation of the race. Worldwide AI infrastructure spending is on course to exceed $1 trillion by 2029, with accelerated servers accounting for the overwhelming share. China remains the second-largest AI infrastructure market after the US, even though export restrictions have created supply constraints for high-end accelerators. Those restrictions have encouraged domestic chip design, local server ecosystems and more efficient deployment models for inference, where many commercial AI applications run after models have been trained.

China’s data centre expansion is also moving into more specialised formats. AI workloads demand dense computing power, stable electricity supply and advanced cooling, all of which are raising costs and straining grids. Projects near Shanghai and other technology hubs are testing alternative energy and cooling systems, including offshore and renewable-powered facilities. These efforts reflect a broader attempt to manage the energy burden of AI while supporting national ambitions in cloud services, industrial software and smart manufacturing.

Robotics is becoming a central pillar of the spending wave. China already has the world’s largest industrial robot base and is pushing into embodied intelligence, where AI systems are integrated into machines that operate in factories, warehouses, homes and public spaces. Forecasts for China’s robotics market point to rapid expansion over the next five years, with demand coming from electric vehicles, electronics, logistics and elder care. The combination of AI models, sensors, batteries and manufacturing scale gives domestic firms a route to compete internationally beyond software alone.

Policy support is reinforcing corporate investment. Beijing’s “AI Plus” strategy, issued in 2025, aims to embed artificial intelligence across the economy by expanding access to data, compute and talent while promoting open-source ecosystems and industrial adoption. Local governments have added funding programmes, innovation parks and procurement support, creating competition among cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hangzhou. That model can accelerate deployment, though it also raises the risk of duplicated capacity, uneven standards and projects driven more by subsidy incentives than commercial demand.

The competitive picture remains mixed. China leads in AI publication volume, citations, patent output and industrial robot installations, while the US continues to produce more frontier models and higher-impact patents. The performance gap between leading US and Chinese models has narrowed, aided by open-source releases and engineering efficiency from Chinese labs. DeepSeek’s breakthrough earlier in the cycle demonstrated that capable systems could be produced with fewer resources than previously assumed, intensifying debate over whether raw spending alone will determine leadership.

The Securities and Exchange Board of India is examining whether companies that list only debt securities should continue to face disclosure and compliance obligations similar to those imposed on equity-listed companies. The review is part of a wider effort to deepen the corporate bond market, where heavy reliance on private placements, limited retail participation and concentration among highly rated issuers have kept market breadth below policy ambitions.

Chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey, who took charge of the regulator in March 2025, has signalled that the next phase of reform will focus on making the debt market more usable for issuers and investors without weakening safeguards. A pilot framework for tokenising corporate bonds is expected to be launched within six to nine months, testing whether distributed-ledger technology can improve settlement speed, servicing, traceability and operational efficiency.

The proposed easing would be especially relevant for entities that raise money only through listed non-convertible securities and do not have listed shares. Such issuers have argued that several provisions under the Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements framework were designed primarily for equity-market governance, where public shareholders carry voting and ownership rights. Debt investors, by contrast, are focused mainly on credit quality, repayment capacity, covenant compliance and timely interest payments.

The regulatory challenge is to separate investor-useful disclosure from procedural duplication. Quarterly financials, credit-rating updates, default alerts, asset-cover statements, related-party exposure and material event reporting remain central to creditor protection. Requirements linked more closely to equity ownership, board-shareholder dynamics and public float may be reviewed where they impose costs disproportionate to the risks faced by bondholders.

India’s corporate bond market has expanded sharply but remains structurally narrow. Net outstanding corporate bonds rose from ₹17.5 trillion in FY2014-15 to about ₹53.6 trillion in FY2024-25, with fresh issuances touching ₹9.9 trillion during 2024-25. The market accounts for roughly 15-16 per cent of GDP, far below deeper Asian and developed markets, and is still dominated by highly rated financial and public-sector issuers.

Private placements remain the preferred route for large borrowers, while public bond issues account for only a small share of overall issuance. That pattern has kept institutional investors at the centre of the market and limited participation by individuals, smaller corporates and lower-rated issuers. For policymakers, the issue is not simply market size but market diversity, liquidity and the ability of bonds to finance infrastructure, housing, manufacturing and growth-stage companies at competitive rates.

Tokenisation is being positioned as a market-infrastructure experiment rather than a replacement for existing bond-market systems. Under such a model, a bond can be represented as a digital token on a permissioned ledger, with ownership transfers, coupon payments and redemption records updated through automated processes. A well-designed pilot could reduce reconciliation gaps, improve audit trails and allow faster post-trade processing while preserving regulatory oversight.

Global fixed-income markets have been exploring tokenisation for similar reasons. Automation through smart contracts can simplify issuance, settlement and corporate actions, while better record keeping can lower operational risk. The benefits, however, depend on legal clarity, interoperability with depositories and clearing systems, cyber-security standards and clear rules on investor rights if technology vendors, wallets or ledger nodes fail.

Sebi’s review also comes amid wider changes in India’s debt-market architecture. Online bond platforms have been brought under regulation, the request-for-quote platform has gained traction, and policymakers are looking at ways to widen access to international debt products through regulated channels. Municipal bonds are also drawing greater attention as cities seek market funding for infrastructure, adding to the broader shift from bank-led financing towards market-based debt.

Investor protection will remain the central test for any relaxation. Lighter disclosure rules could encourage more issuers to list debt securities, but weaker transparency would raise borrowing costs and damage confidence if defaults rise or credit risks are obscured. The most likely outcome is a calibrated framework that retains credit-critical reporting while reducing requirements that do not materially affect bondholder decisions.