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Australia is moving towards setting a strict age limit for children using social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese is advocating for a ban on children under the age of 16, citing the harmful impact of social media on mental health. The proposed law will include penalties for companies allowing underaged access. Trials to verify age limits are planned, though experts warn that enforcing these restrictions could be challenging. Albanese has emphasized the need to shift children towards healthier, real-world activities.

Legislation to implement the age limit could be introduced by the end of the year, following trials to determine the most effective verification methods. Social media companies like Meta, which currently enforces a minimum age of 13, may soon face tougher regulatory oversight, potentially forcing changes to their practices in Australia.

The government’s initiative has been driven by growing concerns over the mental health crisis among children, exacerbated by prolonged exposure to online platforms. The rise in cyberbullying, addictive behaviors, and exposure to harmful content has prompted calls for stricter online regulations. Albanese referred to social media as a “scourge” and expressed a desire to see children engage more in physical activities and interpersonal connections.

While there is broad political support for the plan, including from opposition leader Peter Dutton, the practical challenges of enforcing age verification remain a significant hurdle. Experts like Professor Toby Murray from the University of Melbourne have pointed out that current age verification methods are unreliable, easily bypassed, and pose privacy risks. Further, some analysts argue that banning children outright may isolate them from essential digital education and socialization, deepening their detachment from a connected world.

Samantha Schulz, a sociologist from the University of Adelaide, highlighted that regulating youth access might overlook the real issue: the unregulated behavior of social media platforms themselves. While the proposal aims to address the dangers posed by these platforms, critics argue that more focus should be placed on regulating content and creating safer online environments for all users, rather than solely targeting underaged access.

A pioneering SpaceX mission has lifted off, marking a significant milestone in commercial space exploration. Early Tuesday, a spacecraft carrying four private astronauts began its journey to conduct the inaugural private spacewalk. This historic event involves a fresh set of SpaceX-designed spacesuits and an upgraded spacecraft, highlighting advancements in private space ventures.

The mission, dubbed Ax-3, represents a major step forward in the burgeoning industry of commercial space travel. The private crew, composed of seasoned professionals from diverse fields, will undertake activities outside the International Space Station (ISS) that have previously been reserved for government astronauts. This endeavor not only signifies the growing capabilities of private space travel but also sets the stage for future commercial opportunities in low Earth orbit.

SpaceX, renowned for its reusable rocket technology and ambitious space missions, has developed new spacesuits and equipment specifically for this mission. These innovations are designed to enhance the safety and effectiveness of spacewalks conducted by non-professional astronauts. The upgraded spacecraft, a modified version of the Crew Dragon capsule, includes enhancements to support the complex logistics of extravehicular activities (EVAs).

The private astronauts, who have undergone extensive training, are expected to perform a range of tasks during their spacewalk. Their activities will provide valuable data on the functionality of the new spacesuits and spacecraft systems in the harsh environment of space. This mission is a testament to the expanding role of private entities in space exploration, traditionally dominated by government space agencies.

SpaceX’s Ax-3 mission is also a notable achievement in the realm of space commercialization. It underscores the increasing involvement of private companies in space missions that were once exclusively within the purview of governmental space programs. The success of this mission could pave the way for more frequent and diverse private space operations, including potential tourism and research opportunities.

The preparation for this mission has involved rigorous testing and simulations to ensure the safety and efficacy of the new equipment. The spacesuits, developed by SpaceX, feature advanced life support systems and enhanced mobility to support the astronauts during their spacewalk. These suits are a crucial component of the mission, as they are designed to withstand the extreme conditions of space while providing the necessary protection and functionality for the astronauts.

As the spacecraft approaches the ISS, the team will begin the complex process of donning their spacesuits and preparing for the spacewalk. The mission is expected to last several hours, with the crew performing various tasks and experiments outside the spacecraft. This undertaking will not only demonstrate the capabilities of private space technology but also provide critical insights into the operational aspects of private space missions.

The launch of the Ax-3 mission is part of a broader trend of increasing private sector involvement in space exploration. Companies like SpaceX are at the forefront of this movement, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in commercial space travel. Their efforts are contributing to a more competitive and innovative space industry, with potential implications for the future of space exploration and travel.

Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) has introduced a pioneering DIFC Funds Centre aimed at bolstering hedge fund spinouts, fund platforms, and boutique wealth and asset management firms. This new initiative is designed to enhance the global competitiveness of the DIFC’s financial ecosystem, catering to a diverse range of investment needs.

The DIFC Funds Centre is set to serve as a comprehensive hub for fund managers and financial institutions. It seeks to provide a streamlined regulatory environment and robust infrastructure for the establishment and management of investment funds. This move reflects DIFC’s commitment to supporting innovation and growth within the investment sector, reinforcing its position as a leading financial center in the Middle East.

The newly launched centre addresses a growing demand for specialized financial services and platforms. With its focus on hedge fund spinouts and boutique wealth management firms, the DIFC aims to attract a broader spectrum of investors and fund managers. The initiative also includes provisions for creating and managing fund platforms that can accommodate a wide range of investment strategies and structures.

Since its announcement, the DIFC Funds Centre has reported a notable increase in firm activity, underscoring its appeal to the global financial community. The centre’s comprehensive offering includes regulatory support, infrastructure, and operational services designed to facilitate the seamless establishment and management of investment funds.

The DIFC’s strategic move aligns with a broader trend of financial hubs around the world evolving to meet the needs of a dynamic investment landscape. As investors and fund managers seek greater flexibility and tailored solutions, DIFC’s new centre provides a competitive edge by offering a robust platform for fund management and investment activities.

The DIFC Funds Centre is expected to play a crucial role in supporting the growth of hedge funds, which have seen significant interest from investors seeking alternative investment opportunities. Additionally, the centre’s focus on boutique wealth management firms highlights a growing trend towards personalized and specialized financial services.

As the financial industry continues to adapt to changing market conditions and investor preferences, the DIFC Funds Centre represents a forward-thinking approach to addressing these challenges. By providing a dedicated platform for fund managers and investors, DIFC aims to drive innovation and growth within the investment sector.

Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) is spearheading a series of new initiatives aimed at positioning itself as a global hub for wealth management and asset management firms. As Dubai continues to solidify its reputation as a key financial center, the strategic move by the DIFC underscores the increasing interest from international firms looking to establish a presence in the region.

With the region’s financial landscape rapidly evolving, the DIFC’s efforts target the growing influx of high-net-worth individuals and institutional investors. A range of programs designed to enhance operational efficiencies for firms, alongside regulatory advancements and incentives, has been rolled out to attract global firms seeking to expand their wealth and asset management portfolios.

This development comes as the Middle East has emerged as a significant player in global wealth management. With a booming ultra-high-net-worth population and growing institutional investments, Dubai is making strides to become a central hub for wealth and asset management activities. The DIFC, long regarded as the financial heartbeat of Dubai, is now doubling down on its efforts to ensure that the city remains competitive on the global stage.

Key among the new initiatives are specialized regulatory frameworks tailored to the asset management sector. These frameworks have been designed to simplify the process for international firms looking to set up operations in Dubai. The objective is to provide a clear and efficient regulatory environment, reducing administrative burdens and encouraging more firms to base their operations in the DIFC.

As part of these efforts, the DIFC has also introduced a range of incentives for firms to expand their footprint in the region. These include tax exemptions, streamlined licensing processes, and enhanced access to a global network of clients and investors. By offering a competitive regulatory and business environment, Dubai aims to draw in more firms, contributing to the city’s long-term financial growth.

Dubai’s wealth management sector has seen significant expansion over the past few years. A growing number of family offices, private equity firms, and institutional investors have established themselves in the DIFC. The trend reflects the region’s increasing importance in the global financial ecosystem, driven in part by the region’s geographic location and its robust infrastructure.

The DIFC’s strategic location at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa has long made it an attractive destination for financial services. The center is now leveraging this advantage to deepen its focus on wealth and asset management. With growing geopolitical shifts and economic trends driving more capital to the Middle East, Dubai is well-positioned to capture a significant share of this market.

Global asset management firms have already begun to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the DIFC. Several prominent international firms have recently established their regional headquarters in Dubai, underscoring the city’s appeal as a base for financial operations. This growing influx of firms is expected to boost the region’s financial services sector, creating new jobs and driving further investment.

Moreover, the DIFC’s reputation as a secure, transparent, and well-regulated environment has played a critical role in attracting global investors. The center’s robust legal framework, which is based on international standards, provides firms and investors with the confidence needed to operate in the region. This legal certainty is particularly attractive to firms navigating complex international markets.

Another significant factor driving the DIFC’s initiatives is the growth of Islamic finance. As the demand for Sharia-compliant financial products continues to rise globally, Dubai is positioning itself as a leading hub for Islamic asset management. The DIFC has introduced several initiatives aimed at facilitating the growth of Islamic finance, including the establishment of dedicated frameworks for Sharia-compliant investments. These initiatives have positioned the DIFC as a key player in the global Islamic finance market, attracting firms from across the globe.

Dubai’s economic diversification strategy is another driving force behind the DIFC’s latest efforts. As the city looks to reduce its reliance on oil revenues, financial services have emerged as a critical pillar of Dubai’s economy. By fostering a competitive and dynamic financial sector, the DIFC is playing a central role in Dubai’s economic transformation.

The DIFC’s latest initiatives also align with Dubai’s broader strategy to become a global leader in innovation and technology. The center has placed a significant focus on fintech, with several programs aimed at fostering innovation within the financial services sector. The growing importance of digital transformation in financial services is further positioning Dubai as a key destination for firms seeking to innovate in asset management and wealth management.

The Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) has unveiled its latest strategic initiative aimed at bolstering the wealth and asset management sector. The DIFC Funds Centre is set to enhance the region’s appeal as a global hub for financial services, addressing the growing demand for sophisticated investment solutions and fostering a conducive environment for the sector’s expansion.

Designed to attract and support an increasing number of wealth and asset management firms, the DIFC Funds Centre will offer a comprehensive suite of services tailored to the needs of institutional and individual investors. This new initiative reflects DIFC’s commitment to strengthening its position as a leading financial centre in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

The DIFC Funds Centre will serve as a centralized platform for the creation and management of investment funds, facilitating seamless operations through advanced technological infrastructure and regulatory support. By integrating with existing DIFC frameworks, the Funds Centre aims to streamline fund administration processes and provide a robust regulatory environment for fund managers and investors.

This move comes in the wake of several other strategic actions by DIFC to enhance its offerings. The Centre has recently forged partnerships with prominent alternative investment firms and international financial institutions, further cementing its role as a key player in the global finance landscape. These collaborations are designed to attract a diverse range of investment strategies, including private equity, venture capital, and hedge funds.

The DIFC Funds Centre will feature a range of innovative tools and services, including bespoke fund structures, regulatory guidance, and investor relations support. This initiative is expected to significantly reduce the time and cost associated with fund setup and management, offering a competitive edge to firms operating within the DIFC ecosystem.

As part of its strategic vision, DIFC has also introduced enhanced measures to foster a more dynamic and inclusive investment environment. This includes a focus on sustainable investment strategies and the integration of advanced financial technologies. By doing so, DIFC aims to cater to the evolving preferences of investors who are increasingly seeking environmentally and socially responsible investment opportunities.

The launch of the DIFC Funds Centre aligns with broader trends in the global financial industry, where there is a growing emphasis on specialized investment solutions and bespoke financial services. The initiative reflects the shifting landscape of wealth management, where there is a heightened demand for tailored investment products and comprehensive asset management services.

The DIFC’s proactive approach in addressing these trends highlights its role as a forward-thinking financial hub, dedicated to adapting to the evolving needs of the global investment community. With its state-of-the-art facilities and strategic partnerships, the DIFC Funds Centre is poised to attract a significant influx of wealth and asset management firms seeking to leverage the Centre’s capabilities and network.

Furthermore, the DIFC’s emphasis on innovation and regulatory excellence underscores its commitment to maintaining the highest standards of financial services. By providing a platform that combines technological advancements with a strong regulatory framework, DIFC aims to ensure that its clients and partners can operate with confidence and efficiency.

The DIFC Funds Centre represents a critical component of DIFC’s broader strategy to enhance its global competitiveness and appeal. The initiative is expected to contribute to the Centre’s continued growth and success, reinforcing its status as a premier destination for financial services in the region.

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE, and Ruler of Dubai, has announced a new educational initiative aimed at establishing a prestigious national university in Dubai. This project is set to be a significant milestone in the country’s drive to enhance its educational infrastructure, with a strong focus on fostering Emirati identity. The planned university will aim to provide world-class education while contributing to the UAE’s broader goals of becoming a global knowledge hub.

Sheikh Mohammed emphasized that the university will serve as a beacon for innovation and research in the region, empowering future generations and reinforcing Dubai’s commitment to education as a central pillar of development. He further highlighted that the university will reflect the nation’s values and aspirations, helping to shape the future of education in the UAE while staying aligned with international standards. This ambitious initiative is part of a broader strategy to position Dubai as a leader in the global education sector, reflecting the city’s evolving role as a destination for both higher education and research excellence.

The university’s launch comes amid growing efforts by Dubai to bolster its educational infrastructure, catering to both local and international students. The institution will aim to develop top-tier academic programs across a variety of disciplines, attracting leading scholars and educators from around the world. The ultimate goal is to produce graduates equipped with the skills and knowledge to drive the UAE’s economic and social development, contributing to the nation’s long-term vision of fostering a diversified, innovation-led economy.

This new institution is also expected to collaborate with leading global universities, fostering international partnerships to ensure the highest standards of education. The curriculum will integrate advanced technologies and research methodologies, with the aim of preparing students to address the complex challenges of the modern world. As part of the larger UAE Vision 2030, this university will align with the country’s goals of achieving sustainable development through education and human capital development.

The strategic vision behind this project mirrors Sheikh Mohammed’s longstanding efforts to enhance the UAE’s global competitiveness in key sectors such as education and research. Over the years, Dubai has made significant strides in building its reputation as a center for academic excellence, with numerous international institutions already operating in the city. The establishment of a national university will further strengthen this status, while also creating more opportunities for Emirati students to access high-quality education within their own country.

Education has long been at the heart of the UAE’s development agenda. The country has invested heavily in building a world-class education system, focusing on developing human capital to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving global economy. The creation of a national university in Dubai will provide a unique opportunity to deepen these efforts, enhancing the quality of education available to both Emiratis and expatriates.

In addition to its academic mission, the national university will also prioritize research and innovation, particularly in areas critical to the UAE’s future. It is anticipated that the institution will play a pivotal role in advancing knowledge in fields such as artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and healthcare, areas in which the UAE has been actively investing. By fostering a culture of innovation and research, the university will contribute to the UAE’s broader goals of economic diversification and sustainable growth.

Moreover, the national university is expected to provide a platform for addressing some of the key challenges faced by the UAE, such as climate change, food security, and technological transformation. It will also aim to nurture a generation of leaders capable of shaping the future of the UAE and contributing to global progress in these critical areas.

Sheikh Mohammed’s vision for the university underscores the broader ambition to place the UAE at the forefront of educational innovation on the world stage. The institution will serve as a model for other countries in the region, demonstrating the potential of higher education as a driver of national development. The university is expected to have a significant impact not only within the UAE but also across the wider region, positioning Dubai as a leader in academic excellence and innovation.

As Dubai continues to evolve as a global city, the new national university will be a cornerstone of its development strategy. The institution is set to offer a diverse range of programs, catering to the growing demand for higher education in the region. It will also serve as a bridge between East and West, attracting students and academics from around the world, and fostering cross-cultural dialogue and collaboration.

Fines up to Dh1 million have been introduced by the UAE Government following amendments to the Federal Decree-Law on the Regulation of Employment Relationships. The law, revised under a new Federal Decree-Law issued on Monday, aims to enforce stricter compliance with labor regulations and to protect the rights of workers across the country.

The amended law addresses various employment practices, focusing on combating violations that undermine workers’ rights. The penalties are set to target employers who fail to adhere to the updated regulations, with the highest fines imposed on severe breaches of labor laws.

Under the revised law, violations such as failing to pay wages on time, enforcing unfair work conditions, or not providing the necessary workplace protections can lead to significant financial penalties. The fines vary depending on the nature and severity of the violation, with Dh1 million being the maximum penalty for the most serious offenses.

The move is part of a broader effort by the UAE Government to improve labor standards and ensure that workers are treated fairly. The government has emphasized that the law aims to create a balanced and equitable work environment, where the rights of all employees are respected and protected.

The changes reflect the UAE’s ongoing commitment to enhancing labor laws to meet international standards. By imposing stricter penalties, the government intends to deter employers from engaging in exploitative practices and ensure that the UAE continues to be an attractive destination for skilled workers from around the world.

Labor rights advocates have welcomed the amendments, noting that the increased fines demonstrate the government’s seriousness in addressing labor issues. They argue that the law will encourage better compliance among employers and provide workers with stronger legal protections.

The UAE has been making significant strides in labor reform over the years, with the latest changes being a continuation of these efforts. The introduction of hefty fines is seen as a crucial step in ensuring that employers do not take advantage of workers and that any violations are met with appropriate consequences.

Employers are now required to closely review their practices to ensure they comply with the revised regulations. Failure to do so could result in substantial financial losses and damage to their reputations. The government has also indicated that it will be increasing its monitoring and enforcement efforts to ensure that the new law is effectively implemented.

The penalties come at a time when the UAE is seeking to strengthen its position as a global leader in employment practices. By enhancing worker protections and ensuring that labor laws are strictly enforced, the country aims to attract top talent and maintain a competitive edge in the global market.

As the amendments take effect, both employers and employees are urged to familiarize themselves with the new regulations. The government has also announced plans to conduct awareness campaigns to educate the public about the changes and the importance of complying with the law.

The UAE’s decision to impose million-dirham fines marks a significant shift in its approach to labor regulation. The revised law is expected to bring about a more transparent and just working environment, where the rights of workers are upheld, and employers are held accountable for any violations.

By implementing these changes, the UAE continues to set a benchmark for labor standards in the region, reinforcing its commitment to building a fair and sustainable labor market.

Scientist claims all three key steps to overthrow ruling scientific theories are met and Euclid’s data will be the straw that will break the camel’s back.

INDORE, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA, August 4, 2023/EINPresswire.com/ — Euclid is a wide-angle space telescope with a 600-megapixel camera. It was developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) with contributions from NASA. The Euclid Consortium-consisting of more than 2000 scientists from 300 institutes in 13 European countries, the US, Canada and Japan-provided the scientific instruments. Euclid telescope will make the most accurate yet 3D map of the Universe by observing billions of galaxies up to 10 billion light-years away. Designed to investigate the universe’s biggest mysteries, it has already captured its first glimpses of the cosmos, and the images are fantastic. Mr. Subhajit Waugh, a scientist (physicist) at RRCAT, India, has confidently predicted that the biggest shock from Euclid data will be that our universe is positively curved (which means that the universe is closed, and finite in size), which will turn science on its head. He has emphatically claimed that all three key steps to overthrow ruling scientific theories in Physics and Cosmology are satisfied. These three key steps to overthrow an accepted scientific theory are: reproduce the successes of the presently accepted theory; explain what it cannot; and make new predictions that differ and can be tested. (Ref. 1). Mr. Waugh has boldly predicted that scientific revolution is inevitable and a scientific paradigm shift is imminent, leading to a ‘theory of everything’ unifying physics and cosmology.

Physics currently rests on two pillars: General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Mechanics (QM). However GR and QM are mutually inconsistent, and there are bitter conflict between the two greatest theories of physics. Physics is derailed. The presently accepted model of the universe is called the ‘Standard Model of Cosmology (SMC)’, which asserts that the universe is (3D) flat, open, and infinite. A ‘Nature Astronomy’ (2020) paper had claimed with 99% confidence that our universe is closed. Another paper claimed odds of 2000 ∶ 1 against flat and infinite universe. Those papers have mortally wounded the ‘Standard Model of Cosmology’, but have unknowingly cleared/paved the path towards unification of entire physics. As if those fatal wounds were not enough, Prof. Fulvio Melia has attacked the SMC from eight different angles (Ref. 2). He has concluded that each of the problems highlighted in his paper-on their own-should be sufficient to seriously question the viability of SMC. When viewed in their entirety, those insurmountable inconsistencies and paradoxes ought to convince even the most diehard supporters of SMC that a major paradigm shift in Cosmology is called for.

Mr. Waugh has proposed an alternate (hyper) balloon model of the universe [#Link1], which he claims makes QM and GR compatible. The (hyper) balloon model is a ‘constant rate of expansion’ of the universe model, in contrast to the ‘accelerated rate of expansion’ of the SMC. It may be noted that the model of universe proposed by Prof. Melia is also a ‘constant rate of expansion’ of the universe model. However, Mr. Waugh’s model is more refined and successful compared with Prof. Melia’s model of the universe. Besides, Mr. Waugh’s model is dictated by the crucial SpaceTime equations, and the calculated Hubble constant value matches the accepted values very well, which demonstrates that the model is correct. His model can inherit the successes of Prof. Melia’s model of the universe. Therefore, it is prudent to mention the successes of Melia’s model. One-on-one comparisons Melia’s and SMC models have been performed using 14 different cosmological measurements and observations. Results show probability of approximately 90%–95% that Melia’s model is correct, while only 5%–10% chances that SMC is correct (Ref. 3). Consequently, Mr. Waugh’s hyper-balloon model of the universe has seriously challenged the currently accepted model of the universe (SMC), and has superseded both General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, leading to a grand unification. Mr. Waugh has detailed how the three key steps to overthrow ruling scientific theories in Physics and Cosmology are satisfied.

Step One (reproduce the successes of the presently accepted theories): Mr. Waugh has built up his model from a better and more correct understanding of SpaceTime concept which was introduced by Einstein’s relativity. The crucial point to note is that he has not challenged the mathematics of relativity. The SpaceTime (ST) metrics are correct, but the mathematics is telling something completely different from what Einstein and Minkowski had assumed. The mathematical interpretations of those metrics (including Minkowski ST metric, FLRW metric and even the Schwarzchild metric) were incorrect, and Mr. Waugh has provided a different mathematical interpretation (and hence completely different physical interpretation). Since, the mathematics has been left untouched, Mr. Waugh’s theory can claim all the successes of General Relativity including gravitational time dilation, gravitational lensing, the gravitational redshift of light, the Shapiro time delay and black holes. So far, all tests of general relativity have been shown to be in agreement with the theory (which is great news for Waugh’s theory as well). Again, Mr. Waugh’s theory has not challenged the postulates on which QM is built, but has explained why all those puzzlingly weird postulates must arise with extremely small size scales. And, as already mentioned, Waugh’s model of universe can inherit/claim all the successes of Melia’s model (which already is shown to be superior to the SMC).

Step Two (explain what present theories cannot):
A) The SMC fails to explain even an innocent question which a child might ask “If our universe is expanding, what is it expanding into?” GR assumes that the metric tensor is changing (an analogy is a 3D grid, where the distance between each grid is increasing), but the universe is not expanding into anything. However, this explanation is illogical, as the distance between the individual points increases without the overall space (which contains all these points) expanding into anything. Waugh’s model gives a satisfactory answer. Our balloon universe (the term universe is used only for the 3D balloon surface) is expanding into a 4D hyperspace, which might extend infinitely in all four directions. i.e., the hyperspace (void/emptiness) is possibly infinite, while the matter and fields (the wall of our hyper-balloon universe) have a finite extension and form a closed hypersurface.

B) The SMC fails completely when the clock is run backwards, and the model ends up inevitably in a singularity (in which the density of matter/radiation would be infinite, and the temperature would also be infinite). Also, the observed constraints on a singularity state in the past are incredibly tight, which rules out a singularity with certainty. Waugh’s model never reaches a singularity in the past. Imagine a (rubber) football with a certain wall thickness. As the football deflates, the walls become thicker. However, this process cannot continue indefinitely until the football disappears into a single point. Eventually, the wall will become so thick that the inner surface of the wall will touch (in other words, the empty space inside the football will disappear). The football will then resemble a solid cricket ball.

C) Relativity is based on the experimental fact that light travels with a constant velocity (c) irrespective of the motion of the reference frame, but does not explain what causes this postulate to appear. As a result, even after a century, relativity is just a principle theory and there is no constructive theory. Besides, it begs the question: is light somewhat magical? Is relativity is just a branch of electromagnetism? What causes the gravity waves to travel at the same speed of light? Waugh’s theory shows that the real reason is: it is a peculiarity of Minkowskian (hyperbolic) structure, which chokes/throttles infinite velocity at the value c (which is radial expansion velocity of the universe). It is explained in detail in his papers.

D) Quantum Mechanics (QM) is based on some postulates, but QM never explains why those exotic/shocking postulates arise. A great leap was taken by Prof. Andrez Dragan et al. who have shown that all the postulates of QM require just one postulate: superluminal possibility (Ref. 4). In a second paper (Ref. 5), they have proved that superluminal possibility necessities one space and three time dimensions (i.e. 1+3 structure as opposed to our everyday 3+1 structure). Mr. Waugh has shown that at tiny size scales, space and time start exchanging roles. (Ref. 6 & 7).

E) Mr. Subhajit Waugh’s closed universe model can easily explain Quantum entanglement. The (entire) closed universe is an absolutely isolated system (true island) and has to conserve spin, total momentum, etc., however small the magnitude may be. This situation gives rise to non-locality and instant communication over vast distances in quantum-entangled particles. Any open and infinite model of the universe cannot offer a satisfactory explanation of quantum entanglement (which has now secured a firm place in physics and has no intention of going away). Nature indeed keeps track of every single atom in the World’s oceans. Once we come to terms with nature’s efficiency in accounting, it won’t be difficult to grasp that nature has to keep track of every single particle in the entire universe, and must maintain ‘net zero’ balance.

F) The list of achievements of Waugh’s theory (which present theories fail/struggle to explain) is simply too long to be detailed here [e.g. The ‘Principle of Least Action (PLA)’ comes closest to the ‘theory of everything’ in physics, and from which, all known laws of physics can be derived. PLA can be generalized (for relativistic velocities) to ‘Principle of Maximum Proper Time’, which is just the Minkowskian version of the shockingly simple Euclidean statement: “The least distance between two points in (hyper) space is a straight line” (Ref. 8). A similar conclusion is reached in this paper (Ref.9) which claims that the roles played by kinetic and potential energies in PLA are secondary, and PLA seems to be just a footnote for the statement that ‘least distance between two points is a straight line]. His theory also explains why dualities like wave (field)-particle duality, or Lagrangian-Hamiltonian duality arises. Lagrangian is the Minkowskian version, while Hamiltonian is the Euclidean version. Duality is a bedrock concept of modern physics.

Step Three (new predictions that differ and can be tested):
A) Euclid telescope will show that the universe is positively curved (and not flat as presently believed). A circle drawn on curved surface (of a sphere) has shorter circumference compared to a circle of same radius drawn on a flat surface. To explain why, Mr. Waugh uses the example of an orange peel. Orange peels are curved. A circular piece of orange has a shorter edge than a pancake of the same size. For an orange peel, trying to become flat is frustrating; the bigger the piece of orange peel, the more stretching is needed to flatten it. (This is a practical problem in making flat maps of the curved earth.) Eventually, the orange has to split at the edges. [N.B. The following is a technical detail for experts, and may be skipped. In mathematical language, the circumference of a circle drawn on a curved sphere will have a circumference less than twice pi (3.14159…) of the radius. When extended to three dimensions, the equivalent of a circle becomes a sphere, and the circumference is replaced by a spherical surface. The equivalent statement for a sphere drawn on the 3D curved (hyper)surface of a 4D (hyper)sphere will be: spherical surface area will be less than four times pi (3.14159…) of the radius squared]. Euclid telescope is designed to see up to 10 billion light years (l.y.) away. A sphere of 10 billion l.y. can be partitioned into spherical bands (say 7-8 l.y., 8-9 l.y. etc or finer bands like 3-3.5 l.y., 3.5-4.0 l.y. etc.) The number of galaxies falling in each band of radius can be counted. The predictions of Waugh’s model of a curved universe will certainly differ from the flat model of SMC. The SMC predicts that the number of galaxies should be proportional to the square of radius, while Subhajit’s model predicts the number to become lesser and lesser with increasing radius. This is an extremely crucial result since it is based on a hallowed principle that the distribution of galaxies on a large enough scale of the universe is uniform. Besides, since billions of galaxies will be mapped; any local non-uniformity will be erased out. This result will settle the debate over the shape and size of the universe once and for all.

B) Another major prediction of Mr. Subhajit’s model which differ greatly from all accepted models is that matter, or more precisely, Normal Baryonic Matter (NBM) is causing the expansion of the universe. A cosmological headache for scientists for over a century has been “What is counteracting the force of gravity in the universe?” [#Link2]. Gravity is an attractive force, which means that it pulls matter together. So, over time, gravity should begin to pull the universe together as well. Strangely, the universe expanded after the Big Bang. Mr. Waugh’s explanation is that we have NOT understood the true role Normal Baryonic Matter (NBM) plays. Mass have a natural tendency to move away from the center of the Universe. Imagine a balloon (our universe) which is dotted (each dot represents a galaxy or galaxy cluster). If each dot (NBM) tries to move away from the true center of the balloon, then NBM (lying within the wall/membrane of our balloon universe) plays the same role as compressed air inside an expanding balloon. This concept has already been spectacularly confirmed, and a euphoria was generated that with the claims that ‘Black Holes is the source of Dark Energy’ [#Link3]. Gravity plays completely opposite roles on a local scale and global scale that changes sign at around 150 Mega Parsec scale just as Pardo and Spergel had anticipated, but dreaded to consider as possible (Ref. 10). A galaxy can be imagined as forming the surface of the Flamm’s paraboloid (Ref. 11), and the black hole (lying at the center of the galaxy) as the tip of the Flamm’s paraboloid.

REFERENCE:
1. https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/3-steps-scientific-theory/
2. A Candid Assessment of Standard Cosmology; Fulvio Melia (2022) Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 134 121001, DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/aca51f
3. On recent claims concerning the Rh = ct universe; Fulvio Melia, MNRAS 2015, 446, 1191–1194. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2181.
4. Quantum principle of relativity; Andrzej Dragan and Artur Ekert (2020), New J. Phys. 22 033038, DOI 10.1088/1367-2630/ab76f7
5. Relativity of superluminal observers in 1 + 3 spacetime; Andrzej Dragan et al (2023), Class. Quantum Grav. 40 025013, DOI 10.1088/1361-6382/acad60
6. Subhajit Waugh. Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity are compatible, and have a common origin: the expanding (hyper) balloon universe. Authorea. December 04, 2022, DOI: 10.22541/au.165888607.78422236/v9
7. Subhajit Waugh. (2022). Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity are fully compatible, and have a common origin: the expanding (hyper) balloon universe. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6811311
8. Subhajit Waugh. (2022). Is everything we know about the shape and size of our universe, and how it works, wrong? https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7343171
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11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_metric#Flamm’s_paraboloid

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