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Securing Maryland-Based Drug-Substance Facility and Existing Commercial Orders to Scale the Group’s Integrated Technology Platform

HONG KONG SAR – Media OutReach Newswire – 12 May 2026 – Bora Pharmaceuticals (“Bora” or “Bora Group”; TWSE: 6472; OTCQX: BORAY) today announced that its Board of Directors has approved the acquisition of the GMP manufacturing operations, including the CDMO business, of MacroGenics, Inc. (NASDAQ: MGNX), for total consideration of US$122.5 million, subject to customary working capital adjustments, and a contingent consideration of up to $5 million based on future customer orders. The transaction includes a biologics drug substance manufacturing facility located in Rockville, Maryland and an associated warehousing center in Frederick, Maryland. Upon closing of the acquisition, the Company will sign a long-term CDMO Service Agreement with MacroGenics.

Following closing, Bora Group intends to leverage the Rockville Site in cooperation with Tanvex Biopharma (TWSE: 6541), which operates the Group’s biologics CDMO franchise under the “Bora Biologics” brand. Together with Bora’s sterile drug product capabilities, this is expected to scale the Group’s end-to-end biologics platform.

The Rockville facility has operated as an outsource manufacturing partner since 2022 and is equipped with five 2,000-liter and two 500-liter single-use bioreactors and fully integrated QC and analytical laboratories and has been inspected by both the U.S. FDA and Japan’s PMDA. From the transaction, Bora is expected to assume a substantial backlog for the size of its Bora Biologics CDMO business, including commercial-stage monoclonal antibody programs, clinical-stage programs, and a strong project pipeline. Commercial manufacturing currently accounts for more than half of the site’s revenue.

“This acquisition marks a pivotal step in strengthening Bora’s integrated biologics CDMO platform in the United States”, said Bobby Sheng, Chairman and CEO of Bora Group. “With the addition of the Rockville site, Bora Biologics total drug substance capacity would be 20,000-liter (SUB) and Bora Group will integrate our in-house DS (Drug Substance) and DP (Drug Product) capabilities and network investments over the next 12 to 18 months to offer global biotech customers a seamless offering allowing customers to advance programs from development through commercial supply with one single partner.”

Bora’s Board of Directors has authorized the Chairman to finalize the transaction in line with market conditions and the regulatory environment. For the year ended December 31, 2025, MacroGenics reported contract manufacturing revenue of $52.6 million.
Hashtag: #BoraPharmaceuticals

The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

About Bora:

Founded in 2007, Bora Pharmaceuticals (“Bora” or “the Company”, 6472.TW and BORAY.OTCQX) is a leading pharmaceutical services company with a vision and goal of “Contributing to Better Health All Over the World”. Operating under a “Dual Engine” model that integrates CDMO and commercial expertise, we empower pharmaceutical and biotech partners to optimize product development, accelerate launches, and scale supply to meet global patient needs. At the same time, we actively broaden R&D and sales infrastructure, focusing on niche and rare disease markets to improve patients’ quality of life.

By investing in talent, infrastructure, and biologics expansion, Bora continues to transform operations and achieve sustainable growth. Committed to making success “certain,” Bora sets new standards in the pharmaceutical and CDMO industries.

For more, please visit:
https://www.bora-corp.com
https://www.boracdmo.com

Disclaimer:
This document and the accompanying information may contain forward-looking statements. All statements regarding the company’s future business operations, potential events, and prospects (including but not limited to forecasts, targets, estimates, and operational plans) are considered forward-looking statements unless they refer to factual occurrences. Forward-looking statements are subject to various factors and uncertainties that may cause significant differences from actual results, including but not limited to price fluctuations, actual demand, exchange rate variations, market share, competitive conditions, changes in the legal, financial, and regulatory framework, international economic and financial market conditions, political risks, cost estimates, and other risks and variables beyond the company’s control. These forward-looking statements are based on current predictions and assessments, and the company disclaims any responsibility for future updates.

Short Courses Structured for Busy Professionals

For working adults who want targeted upskilling, SIM Academy’s course listing includes instructor-led programmes that are typically offered in short formats. The 1-day or 2-day course structure may appeal to professionals seeking to build capability while balancing work and personal commitments.

The topics covered reflect a mix of core workplace capabilities and emerging skill areas, including communication skills, cognitive skills, systems leadership, sustainability, as well as broader organisational and leadership competencies. Such short-format training has become a common feature within Singapore’s continuing education landscape, particularly among working adults seeking to remain competitive in a changing job market.

SkillsFuture Funded Training Courses

A number of SIM Academy’s professional development courses are eligible for SkillsFuture Credit and related funding schemes. These funding mechanisms are part of national efforts to encourage lifelong learning and support workforce transformation. The availability of funding-supported courses may lower barriers to participation for individuals and employers, particularly for those pursuing incremental skills upgrading.

Career Switch for mid‑career professionals

SIM Academy offers programmes under the SkillsFuture Career Transition Programme (SCTP). These programmes are designed for individuals considering a shift into new roles or sectors and typically run over 5-6 months. Programme structures may include a combination of classroom learning, practical projects and career support elements such as guidance on job search and career planning.

This reflects a broader trend in Singapore’s training ecosystem, where structured transition programmes are increasingly used to support workforce mobility and adaptation to new job roles.

Flexible Delivery Formats

SIM Academy’s programmes are delivered through a mix of in-person, online and blended learning formats. This allows participants to select learning modes that align with their schedules and professional commitments. Short courses are conducted throughout the year, primarily at SIM Management House, alongside digital learning options that support greater accessibility. Flexible delivery has become an increasingly important feature of professional education, particularly for working adults balancing training with full-time employment.

Part of a Broader Continuing Education Landscape

As industries continue to evolve, demand for continuous skills development remains a key focus within Singapore’s workforce strategy. Short courses, modular training and structured transition programmes are among the approaches adopted by training providers to meet these needs.

SIM Academy’s range of offerings includes shorter, skills-focused workshops and longer-duration programmes designed to support career transitions.

References

• SIM Academy: https://www.sim.edu.sg/professional-development/overview
• Courses offered by SIM Academy: https://www.sim.edu.sg/professional-development/courses/course-listing
• SkillsFuture Courses offered at SIM: https://www.sim.edu.sg/professional-development/courses/skillsfuture-courses
• SkillsFuture Career Transition Programme (SCTP): https://sctp.pd.sim.edu.sg

Hashtag: #SIMAcademy #SIMA

https://www.sim.edu.sg/

The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

About SIM Academy

SIM Academy provides leading-edge professional development and enterprise solutions. SIM Academy offers over 300 executive and business programmes that help almost 10,000 professionals annually on average hone their competencies to drive business value and achieve peak personal and enterprise performance.

Our programmes encompass a comprehensive range of lifelong learning opportunities designed to empower professionals with the knowledge, skills, and competencies necessary to become effective change-makers and leaders in today’s volatile and uncertain business landscape.

For more information on SIM Academy, visit sim.edu.sg

Hotels: Distinctive Expressions of Contemporary Luxury

In the Hotels category, Andaz Macau, Capella at Galaxy Macau and Raffles at Galaxy Macau were recognised among Tatler Best 10 Hotels Macau for their distinctive design languages, elevated service philosophies and exceptional guest experiences—each offering a unique interpretation of contemporary luxury within the Galaxy Macau ecosystem.

Among the honours, Capella at Galaxy Macau stood out as a defining highlight. As the newest jewel added to Galaxy Macau’s award-winning portfolio of world-class accommodation, the ultraluxury property was also named Best New Hotel in Macau—a powerful affirmation of Galaxy Macau’s continued commitment to delivering deeply personal, thoughtfully curated experiences that leave a lasting impression on every guest.

In recognition of its vibrant arts focused, design-led, lifestyle offering, Andaz Macau received the lauded Hotel – Best Design in Macau title.

Further recognition saw the elevated luxury stay experience at both Galaxy Hotel and Banyan Tree Macau garnering the Tatler Best Spotlight Hotel recognition, respectively.

Restaurants: Culinary Craftsmanship Across Traditions

Galaxy Macau’s culinary excellence was further affirmed with five restaurants named among Tatler Best 20 Restaurants Macau, signalling the most outstanding dining destinations: Feng Wei Ju, House of Origin, Lai Heen, Sushi Kissho by Miyakawa, and 8½ Otto e Mezzo Bombana at Galaxy Macau. Spanning refined Chinese, Japanese and Italian dining traditions, these acclaimed restaurants are led by industry‑defining chefs and teams whose mastery, creativity and discipline continue to set benchmarks for gastronomy in the region.

Under the direction of Michelin-starred Chef Xu Jingye, Culinary Director of House of Origin, House of Origin introduces a philosophy of “Refined Homeliness” to Galaxy Macau—presenting Cantonese cuisine that honours pristine culinary craftsmanship and seasonality within an inviting and personalised living-room setting. In recognition of its thoughtful balance between culinary heritage, contemporary innovation and finely honed, personalised service, it garnered the title of Best New Restaurant in Macau, signalling standout recognition from Tatler’s panel.

Additionally, 8½ Otto e Mezzo Bombana at Galaxy Macau also attained the Restaurant – Best Service in Macau Award, a testament to the restaurant’s impeccably vibrant service that creates consistently unforgettable memories for guests at each visit.

Recognised for showcasing the best of pristine seasonal produce and teppanyaki techniques at Teppanyaki Shou and masterful Thai at Saffron, both attained the coveted Tatler Best Spotlight Restaurant title.

Bars: A Sophisticated and Expressive Mixology Landscape

Galaxy Macau’s vibrant and diverse bars also received significant recognition, with six establishments honoured among Tatler Best 20 Bars Macau: Andaz Bar, Long Bar, Pony & Plume, Raffles Lounge & Terrace, The Ritz-Carlton Bar & Lounge, 8½ Otto e Mezzo Bombana and Goa Nights at Broadway Food Street. Together, these bars reflect Galaxy Macau’s innovative, nuanced approach to the art of mixology—from an exquisitely rakish whisky-meets-cocktails haven, to an iconic Macau-inspired speakeasy hideaway; from glimmering bar classics where the city’s finest expressions of luxury-meets-cocktail craft can be found under the rarefied glimmer of an over-sized chandelier; to lively, flavour-driven social destinations. Galaxy Macau’s bars have been recognised for their industry defining authenticity.

As the world’s first speakeasy under the Raffles brand, Long Bar – led by Nokoy Mak, chief mixologist & bar manager – distinguished itself with its inventive mixology and sophisticated interior design, earning the Bar – Best Innovation in Macau Award. This recognition reaffirms the Galaxy Macau’s market‑leading position in crafting elevated social experiences, live music; setting new benchmarks for contemporary cocktail craft.

Nestled within Capella at Galaxy Macau, Pony & Plume, the city’s first whisky bar and divan, received standout recognition in its first year of opening. Home to a collection of more than 650 whiskies, curated across eight distinct flavour profiles, the venue also features a unique cocktail programme. Establishing tack room chic in Pony & Plume’s rarefied bar setting, coupled with service excellence and an innovative beverage programme, it was awarded Best New Bar in Macau and Bar – Best Design in Macau Award.

A Commitment to Excellence

Honouring the finest hotels, restaurants and bars across Hong Kong and Macau, the Tatler Best Hong Kong & Macau Awards are widely regarded as one of the region’s most influential lifestyle accolades, recognising excellence through rigorous evaluation by a panel of tastemakers, hospitality leaders and industry experts.

These honours reflect Galaxy Macau’s continued commitment to excellence, innovation and quality across every facet of its luxury resort offering. As a destination that seamlessly unites unparalleled hospitality, award-winning dining, world-class entertainment and lifestyle experiences, Galaxy Macau remains dedicated to elevating Macau’s global profile as a premier destination and UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy—anchored by its “World Class, Asian Heart” service philosophy.

For more information about Galaxy Macau, please visit www.galaxymacau.com.

Hashtag: #GalaxyMacau

The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

ABOUT GALAXY MACAU INTEGRATED RESORT

Galaxy Macau, The World-class Luxury Integrated Resort delivers the “Most Spectacular Entertainment and Leisure Destination in the World”. Developed at an investment of HK$43 billion, the property covers 1.1 million-square-meter of unique entertainment and leisure attractions that are unlike anything else in Macau. Nine award-winning world-class luxury hotels provide close to 5,000 rooms, suites and villas. They include Banyan Tree Macau, Galaxy Hotel, Hotel Okura Macau, JW Marriott at Galaxy Macau, The Ritz-Carlton, Macau, Broadway Hotel, Raffles at Galaxy Macau, Andaz Macau, and Capella at Galaxy Macau. Unique to Galaxy Macau, the 75,000-square-meter Grand Resort Deck features the world’s longest Skytop Adventure Rapids at 575-meters, the largest Skytop Wave Pool with waves up to 1.5-meters high and 150-meters pristine white sand beach. Two five-star spas from Banyan Tree Spa Macau and The Ritz- Carlton Spa, Macau help guests relax and rejuvenate.

As the dining destination in Asia, Galaxy Macau offers a wide variety of gastronomic delights, exquisite experiences and ingredients of the finest quality with over 120 dining options from Michelin dining to authentic delicacies.

Embark on a delightful and rewarding journey at Galaxy Promenade, the one-stop shopping destination boasting some of the world’s most iconic luxury brands. Be the first to get the latest limited-edition items; explore fascinating pop-ups by coveted labels and revel in fabulous shopping rewards and privileges. Our VIPs are entitled to a highly-curated experience with dedicated personal shoppers at guests’ service, and be invited to exclusive luxury brand events. A different caliber of privileges and rewards also await. Discover the joys of fashion and stand at the forefront of style and sophistication—Galaxy Promenade has everything guests need to stay ahead of the style game.

Galaxy Cinemas takes immersive movie experiences to the next level with the latest audio-visual technology, ultra-luxurious facilities and bespoke services; CHINA ROUGE, one-of-a-kind cabaret lounge that evokes the glamor of Shanghai’s golden era with stylish entertainment and customizable surrounds; and Foot Hub, which presents the traditional art of reflexology for authentic relaxation and revitalization. For Authentic Macau Flavours and Vibrant Asian Experiences, Broadway Macau – just a 90-second walk via a bridge from Galaxy Macau, has over 35 Authentic Macau & Asian Flavours at Broadway Food Street. The 2,500-seat Broadway Theatre plays host to world-class entertainers and a diverse array of cultural events.

Meeting, incentive and banquet groups are also catered to with a portfolio of unique venues in Galaxy Macau and an expert service team. Galaxy International Convention Center (GICC) is the latest addition to the Group’s ever-expanding integrated resort precinct and will usher in a new era for the MICE industry in Macau. GICC is a world-class event venue featuring 40,000-square-meters of total flexible MICE, and the 16,000-seat Galaxy Arena – the largest indoor arena in Macau.

For more details, please visit www.galaxymacau.com,www.broadwaymacau.com.mo and www.galaxyicc.com.

By Nitya Chakraborty The U.S. President Donald Trump begins his three-day visit to China on May 13 for his summit with the Chinese President Xi Jinping, the outcome of which has special significance for Trump in shaping his political future in the context of the midterm elections in November this year. Among both leaders, the […]

The article Donald Trump-Xi Jinping Are Both Aiming For Win-Win Outcome At Beijing Summit appeared first on Latest India news, analysis and reports on Newspack by India Press Agency).

SINGAPORE – Media OutReach Newswire – 11 May 2026 – The Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA) has launched a new Taskforce to strengthen financial reporting and investor confidence in Singapore, amid growing focus on corporate transparency, financial controls and trust in capital markets.

The Strengthening Financial Reporting Taskforce was launched today at the ISCA Value Unlock Forum held in partnership with Singapore Exchange (SGX). Chaired by Ms Euleen Goh, ISCA Distinguished Lifetime Member and Chairman of Singapore Institute of Management Group Ltd, the Taskforce will bring together leaders from business, finance, academia and investor groups to review Singapore’s financial reporting ecosystem and recommend ways to strengthen the quality, integrity and usefulness of corporate reporting.

The Taskforce comes at a timely moment as Singapore continues efforts to strengthen its capital markets and business ecosystem. Recent national initiatives, including the Accountancy Workforce Review Committee and the Monetary Authority of Singapore’s Equities Market Review, have highlighted the importance of strong financial reporting, professional capabilities and investor trust.

The launch also comes amid ongoing discussions on reducing compliance costs for smaller companies, including ACRA’s review of Singapore’s audit exemption framework. Regardless of how the framework evolves, strong financial reporting practices, competent finance professionals and effective financial controls remain fundamental to upholding confidence among investors, lenders and stakeholders.

The Taskforce will study how companies can improve the way they communicate financial performance, business risks and long-term value creation to investors and stakeholders. It will also examine how Singapore can continue to uphold high standards of governance, transparency and accountability in a rapidly evolving business environment.

Ms Euleen Goh, Chairperson of the Strengthening Financial Reporting Taskforce, said: “Financial reporting has always been the language of business. As markets evolve, it must speak more clearly and more usefully to the stakeholders who rely on it. The Taskforce will take a practical and holistic look at how Singapore can raise the bar so that companies communicate value and insights with the confidence and clarity that investors and the market expect.”

The Taskforce comprises leaders from across the financial ecosystem:

• Mr Liew Nam Soon, Deputy Regional Managing Partner, EY Asia East; Managing Partner, EY Asean; Managing Partner, EY Singapore & Brunei
• Mr Leong Yung Chee, Group CFO, United Overseas Bank Limited
• Professor Lawrence Loh, Director, Centre for Governance and Sustainability, NUS Business School, National University of Singapore
• Ms Belinda Tan, CA (Singapore), Managing Director of Finance, Temasek International
• Mr Ang Hao Yao, Vice President, Securities Investors Association (Singapore)
• Ms Karen Loon, Member, Governing Council of the Singapore Institute of Directors
• Mr Tan Boon Gin, CEO, Singapore Exchange Regulation (Observer)
• Mrs Chia-Tern Huey Min, CE, Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (Observer)

Mr Lee Boon Teck, President of ISCA, said: “High-quality financial reporting and strong financial controls are essential to investor confidence and market integrity. As Singapore’s national accountancy body, ISCA believes professionally trained finance and accounting professionals play a critical role in safeguarding trust in business and capital markets. This Taskforce reflects our commitment to supporting Singapore’s continued standing as a trusted global financial and business hub.”

The Taskforce was launched at the ISCA Value Unlock Forum, which brought together C-suite leaders, finance professionals and capital markets stakeholders to discuss how companies can better communicate value to the market.

ISCA Academy, an Approved Training Provider under the SGX Value Unlock Programme, supported the afternoon sessions as part of the ISCA Value Unlock Series. The series aims to equip listed companies and finance leaders with practical capabilities to communicate performance, strategy and value more effectively to the market.

Ms Cyndi Pei, Chairperson of ISCA Academy, said: “As stakeholder expectations continue to evolve, finance leaders are increasingly expected to go beyond reporting results to articulating performance, risks and value creation with clarity, credibility and context. ISCA Academy remains committed to supporting the profession and the broader market by building the practical capabilities needed to reinforce trust, promote transparency and strengthen confidence in Singapore’s capital markets.”

The Taskforce will engage stakeholders over the coming months and provide recommendations on strengthening Singapore’s financial reporting ecosystem.Hashtag: #ISCA #CharteredAccountants #FinancialReporting #DifferenceMakers #Accounting #Accountancy

The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

About the Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA) Academy

The Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA) is the national accountancy body of Singapore. Established in 1963, ISCA administers the Singapore Chartered Accountant Qualification programme and is the designated entity by the Singapore Ministry of Finance to confer the Chartered Accountant of Singapore [CA (Singapore)] designation.

ISCA supports over 43,000 members across industries in Singapore and globally, with members in more than 40 countries. With a growing international presence, ISCA has 12 overseas chapters, 7 offices across 10 countries and a network of over 150 strategic partners, strengthening professional connections and opportunities across borders. ISCA is also a member of Chartered Accountants Worldwide, a global network representing more than 1.8 million Chartered Accountants and students across over 190 countries.

ISCA advances professional development and lifelong learning through ISCA Academy, its training arm and drives community impact through ISCA Cares, its charity arm.

ISCA Academy, the leading business school of ISCA, delivers immersive, industry-informed learning across accountancy, finance, technology, governance and leadership. We equip learners to reskill, reconnect and reinvent, empowering them to stay relevant and ahead by choice.

For more information, visit www.isca.org.sg.

Richard Cheng, Associate Commercial Director (Hong Kong & Macau) at BeOne, said: “We are honored to receive this award from the Hong Kong Commercial Times. BeOne has built differentiated capabilities across clinical development and manufacturing, supported by a broad and diverse R&D pipeline. In Hong Kong, we have introduced several therapies, including BTK, PD-1 and IL-6 inhibitors. Looking ahead, we will continue to advance our plans in Hong Kong by leveraging opportunities enabled by the ‘1+’ policy and the planned establishment of the Hong Kong Centre for Medical Products Regulation (CMPR) and its ‘primary evaluation’ mechanism. Supported by our global supply network, we aim to bring additional medicines to patients in Hong Kong and the Greater Bay Area and help improve access to treatments aligned with international standards.”

Global R&D and Innovation

Founded in 2010, BeOne is focused on accelerating key stages of oncology innovation—from discovery through development to patient access. Through an integrated model spanning R&D, manufacturing and commercialization, the company works to translate innovation into clinical value. Today, BeOne operates across six continents in more than 45 markets and is supported by more than 1,200 oncology R&D professionals.

BeOne’s R&D platform has advanced more than 35 clinical-stage drug candidates, including three internally developed products that have received commercial approval, reaching more than 2 million patients worldwide.

Pipeline Highlights

BeOne continues to expand its global footprint through a portfolio of internally developed products, including:

• BTK Inhibitor: As the company’s first self-developed innovative drug, it holds a significant position in the global market (including Hong Kong), particularly in the field of B-cell malignancies.
• PD-1 Inhibitor: Launched in more than 50 markets worldwide, reaching 1.8 million people. In Hong Kong, it has been approved for six indications, including immunotherapy for lung, esophageal and gastric cancers.
• Next-Generation BCL-2 Inhibitor: Approved for certain lymphoma indications in Mainland China. It has been granted Priority Review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and a marketing application has been submitted in the European Union.

Manufacturing Network Supporting Global Supply

BeOne maintains an integrated chain from R&D to manufacturing and commercialization, supported by production sites in the United States and China designed to help maintain a stable global supply:

• New Jersey, U.S.: A North America biologics hub integrating manufacturing and clinical R&D. The site spans 1.82 million square feet, including a dedicated 400,000-square-foot production facility.
• Suzhou, China (small molecule manufacturing): Supports clinical and commercial-scale production in accordance with applicable FDA, EMA and GMP requirements.
• Guangzhou, China (biologics and ADC manufacturing): A 1.3 million-square-foot facility supporting R&D and production of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and serving as a supply hub for the Greater Bay Area, including Hong Kong.

BeOne has also been recognized by industry organizations for its innovation, including being named one of the “Top 10 Most Inventive” pharmaceutical companies by IDEA Pharma in 2025^[1]. The company will continue to advance programs in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, with Hong Kong serving as a strategic hub to support the delivery of innovative therapies globally.

1. 2025 Pharmaceutical Innovation and Invention Index, IDEA Pharma

This material is intended for the purpose of communicating disease-related knowledge and cutting-edge medical information to the public and is not intended for promotional or advertising purposes. It does not constitute a promotion or recommendation for any medication or treatment plan, nor can it serve as a substitute for the advice of medical and health professionals. If you have any questions, please consult a medical or health professional.

Hashtag: #BeOneMedicines

https://www.beonemedicines.com/

The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

About BeOne Medicines

BeOne Medicines is a global oncology company domiciled in Switzerland, focused on discovering and developing innovative treatments designed to be more affordable and accessible to cancer patients worldwide. With a portfolio spanning hematology and solid tumors, BeOne is advancing a diverse pipeline of novel therapeutics through internal capabilities and collaborations. With a growing global team of nearly 12,000 colleagues spanning six continents, the Company is committed to improving access to medicines for more patients. To learn more about BeOne, please visit www.beonemedicines.com and follow us on LinkedIn, X, Facebook and Instagram.

About HKCT Business Awards 2026

Organized by the Hong Kong Commercial Times, the HKCT Business Awards is a representative annual event in the Hong Kong business community. It honors companies demonstrating excellence, innovation, and significant contributions to Hong Kong’s economy and society across dimensions including technological innovation and market competitiveness.