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A July poll showed approval for Takaichi’s Cabinet dropping to 57% from 69% in June, as households grew more dissatisfied with rising living costs. Other surveys have also pointed to weakening support, though the level varies considerably among polling organisations.

The decline has placed greater scrutiny on the government’s economic strategy. Takaichi has defended an expansionary programme built around public and private investment in strategic industries, arguing that stronger productivity and economic growth will ultimately restore confidence in the currency.

Market strategists see a growing risk that weaker ratings could push the administration towards measures offering faster political relief. These could include reductions in consumption taxes, expanded subsidies or additional spending aimed at cushioning households from food and energy inflation.

Such steps may prove popular with voters but could unsettle investors unless the government provides a credible funding plan. Japan already carries one of the world’s largest public debt burdens, exceeding twice the size of its economy, while higher interest rates are raising the cost of servicing that debt.

The yen has been trading near 160 to the dollar, increasing the price of imported fuel, food and industrial materials. Its weakness has become a political problem because the benefits to exporters and tourism are being offset by pressure on household purchasing power.

Takaichi has rejected the argument that government policy alone determines exchange rates. She has said stronger investment, competitiveness and economic expansion are essential to rebuilding market trust, while acknowledging that currency movements reflect a range of domestic and international factors.

Investors remain sensitive to any indication that the government could pursue fiscal expansion while discouraging tighter monetary policy. The Bank of Japan raised its benchmark rate to 1% in June, the highest level in more than three decades, and economists expect another increase before the end of 2026 if inflation or yen weakness intensifies.

The central bank is expected to keep rates unchanged at its next policy meeting while signalling that further tightening remains possible. Its challenge is to contain import-driven inflation without weakening an economy facing demographic pressures, soft consumption and a heavy public debt load.

More than four-fifths of economists surveyed this month expect the policy rate to reach 1.25% by December. A rise could support the yen by narrowing the interest-rate gap with the United States, but it would also put upward pressure on government borrowing costs.

Long-dated government bond yields have already climbed to levels not seen for decades. Traders are demanding higher returns as the central bank reduces its dominance of the bond market and investors reassess the sustainability of fiscal policy in an inflationary environment.

Takaichi’s growth blueprint envisages about ¥370 trillion in public and private investment through 2040 across 17 strategic sectors. Artificial intelligence, semiconductors, defence, energy security and advanced manufacturing are among the areas targeted for support.

The government says the programme will raise productivity, reduce vulnerabilities in critical supply chains and lift Japan’s underlying growth rate. Critics argue that its scale and financing remain insufficiently defined, increasing the possibility of additional bond issuance or pressure for higher taxes later.

A proposed temporary suspension of the consumption tax on food has emerged as a particularly sensitive issue. The measure could ease household costs but would also reduce government revenue unless accompanied by spending cuts or alternative funding.

Political pressure is building inside the ruling Liberal Democratic Party as lawmakers consider how to reverse the erosion in public confidence. Speculation about a Cabinet reshuffle has increased, although Takaichi has given no indication that she plans to retreat from her investment-led strategy.

Her political position remains stronger than the approval figures alone suggest. The Liberal Democratic Party secured a commanding majority in the February election, giving the government substantial room to pass legislation. However, falling popularity could make lawmakers less willing to support policies seen as worsening inflation or market instability.

Foreign-exchange traders are watching whether the government steps up verbal warnings or direct intervention to support the yen. Previous interventions have produced only temporary gains when they were not backed by a sustained change in interest-rate expectations or fiscal policy.

Japan’s large pool of domestic savings and the substantial holdings of government debt by local institutions continue to provide stability. The country also possesses sizeable foreign reserves and remains a major external creditor.

The 36-year-old from Taiwan secured the men’s singles championship 21-15, 7-21, 21-13 on Sunday, combining controlled aggression with the stamina that has sustained his career among badminton’s leading players for more than a decade.

Chou recovered from a one-sided second game to regain command in the decider. He slowed Popov’s attacking rhythm, defended with greater precision and forced the Frenchman into difficult exchanges from the back of the court. The victory completed an outstanding campaign that included a major upset against world No. 1 and defending champion Shi Yuqi.

The sixth seed had defeated Shi 21-14, 12-21, 21-15 in the quarter-finals, ending a nine-match losing sequence against the leading Chinese player. Chou then beat fellow Taiwan player Lin Chun-yi 21-18, 21-18 in the semi-finals to reach the championship match.

His title carried added significance because of the physical demands associated with a Super 1000 tournament. The category sits at the highest regular level of the BWF World Tour and brings together most of the world’s top-ranked players. Chou’s ability to win several high-intensity matches at 36 underlined the value of conditioning, disciplined court movement and tactical experience in extending elite careers.

Popov, ranked 16th, responded strongly after losing the opening game. The 27-year-old dominated the second with steep attacks and early interceptions, restricting Chou to seven points. The momentum shifted again in the final game as Chou reduced his errors, absorbed pressure and opened decisive gaps with accurate placement.

The result denied Popov his first Super 1000 title but strengthened his position among Europe’s leading singles players. His run also reflected France’s growing influence in a discipline traditionally led by players from Asia and Denmark. Popov and his brother Christo have helped broaden the country’s presence on the international circuit ahead of another demanding phase of World Tour events.

Akane Yamaguchi claimed the women’s singles title with a 21-18, 21-16 victory over home favourite Chen Yufei. The Japanese world champion produced a composed display built on speed, retrieval and sharp changes of direction.

Yamaguchi maintained pressure through long rallies and repeatedly turned defence into attack. Chen remained competitive in both games but struggled to establish sustained control against an opponent who covered the court efficiently and made few unforced errors.

The championship was another major success for Yamaguchi following her third world title in 2025. Her victory also represented a strong response after she lost the Japan Open final to PV Sindhu a week earlier.

Yamaguchi had reached the China Open final by defeating defending champion Wang Zhiyi 21-10, 6-21, 21-16 in a fluctuating semi-final. She recovered after a difficult second game and regained her consistency in the decider.

China collected two titles through its doubles combinations. Liu Shengshu and Tan Ning retained the women’s doubles crown by defeating Japan’s Yuki Fukushima and Mayu Matsumoto 21-14, 21-19.

The home pair controlled the opening game and resisted a stronger challenge in the second. Their victory gave them a third Super 1000 championship from four tournaments at that level during the season, reinforcing their position among the strongest partnerships in women’s doubles.

Guo Xinwa and Chen Fanghui won the mixed doubles title after an 87-minute contest against top seeds and defending champions Feng Yanzhe and Huang Dongping. Guo and Chen prevailed 25-23, 20-22, 21-15 in an all-China final.

They missed several opportunities to close the match in the second game but recovered in the decider, applying greater pressure at the net and limiting their opponents’ attacking options. It was their second Super 1000 title following their All England success in 2025.

Indonesia’s Fajar Alfian and Muhammad Shohibul Fikri took the men’s doubles championship with a 16-21, 21-19, 21-19 comeback victory over South Korea’s Kim Won-ho and Seo Seung-jae.

Designed to provide timely and flexible capital, these two business financing facilities were developed to enable Shariah-compliant businesses in navigating shifting market demands. Both products are aligned with the Shariah finance principle of Murabahah via Tawarruq concept, delivering transparent, ethical banking solutions to the Malaysian market.

Term Financing-i: Business Growth and Strategic Expansion

Engineered to fund medium to long term growth projects, asset purchases and infrastructure expansion while maintaining a healthy cash flow. AEON Bank Biz’s Term Financing-i offers this flexibility:

• Zero collateral required
• No hidden charges on financing application or utilisation
• Flexible repayment tenure of up to 60 months
• Approved fund disbursed directly into customer’s AEON Bank Biz Business Current Account-i

*Terms and conditions apply

Working Capital Financing-i: Empowering Business with Liquidity Agility

This financing facility provides a flexible credit line for short term cash flow needs, designed to bridge operational budget gaps and manage financial cycles. With AEON Bank Biz’s Working Capital Financing-i, customers can gain access to the following:

• High value liquidity and multiple disbursement options, within approved financing facility limit up to 3-year tenure
• Flexibility to pay your principal and refresh approved limit, without the hassle of repeated financing applications
• Up to 12-months disbursement period
• Disbursement managed fully online, deposited straight into customer’s AEON Bank Biz Business Current Account-i

*Terms and conditions apply

A Dynamic Business Banking Experience

Beyond credit line disbursement, AEON Bank Biz serves as a holistic 360-degree, Shariah compliant banking partner for business owners across Malaysia. It enables businesses to manage assets, liabilities, operational financial needs and merchant operations, through a simplified banking process.

At the core of it all is the Business Current Account-i with a dynamic business banking functionality to support businesses to thrive :

• Integrated cash management capabilities for payments and collections: Seamless processing for DuitNow and RENTAS, as well as instant settlement and notification for DuitNow QR
• Smart cash management: Maximize idle capital yield via Biz Term Deposit-i, offering competitive profit optimization rates up to 3.20% p.a. on customizable tenures as short as 1 day, with an entry baseline of just RM500
• Governance controls: Multi-user level access authorizations and structured approval workflows engineered to mirror corporate governance standards safely

*Terms and conditions apply

Empowering Businesses to Scale Sustainably

This latest rollout by a digital bank in Malaysia aligns directly with the national goal to supercharge SME contributions to the domestic Gross Domestic Product (GDP) up to 50% by 2030. In order to achieve that, access to financing, including digital banking solutions remains a key enabler for business growth. In fact, this is where banking institutions and fintech catalysts such as AEON Bank play an important role in achieving that target.

Click on the links to find out more about AEON Bank Biz and discover a #BetterBusinessBanking experience to scale your growth.
Hashtag: #AEONBank #digitalbank #islamicbank #digitalislamicbank #AEONBankBiz #BusinessBanking #TermFinancing #WorkingCapitalFinancing

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The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

ABOUT AEON BANK (M) BERHAD

AEON Bank (M) Berhad is Malaysia’s first digital Islamic bank, licensed and regulated by Bank Negara Malaysia and the Ministry of Finance. Officially launched on 26 May 2024, we currently offer a suite of Shariah-compliant products and services for the Personal Banking and Business Banking (AEON Bank Biz) customers.

Our Personal Banking offerings are 100% accessible online via the AEON Bank app, where customers can activate and access the deposit Savings Account-i, AEON Bank x Visa Debit Card-i, Personal Financing-i, Term Deposit-i, Savings Pot, DuitNow QR, Zakat, Takaful, JomPay, utility bill payments, as well as a range of digital payment services with strategic partners and merchants. Moreover, AEON Bank has developed the Neko Missions, Malaysia’s first gamified digital banking interactive rewards programme and ‘Neko Sensei’, the AI-powered personal financial coach.

On 8 August 2025, AEON Bank (M) Berhad officially introduced AEON Bank Biz with the integrated cash management capabilities anchored by the Business Current Account-i, alongside Biz Term Deposit-i, Biz QR, Term Financing-i and Working Capital Financing-i. AEON Bank Biz focuses on streamlined processes for account onboarding, credit assessments and financial services, utilising AI-driven fintech solutions to enable simplified procedures, faster approvals, and an enhanced digital banking experience for businesses in Malaysia.

For eligible deposit-based products under AEON Bank and AEON Bank Biz, such as the Savings Account-i, Savings Pot, Term Deposit-i, Business Current Account-i and Biz Term Deposit-i, the deposits are protected up to RM250,000 per depositor. AEON Bank is a member of Perbadanan Insurans Deposit Malaysia (PIDM) and the deposit protection is automatic and free.

Being part of the AEON Group conglomerate, AEON Bank (M) Berhad is equally held by AEON Financial Service Co. Ltd. (AFS Japan) and AEON Credit Service (M) Berhad (ACSM). AFS Japan is responsible for the AEON Group’s financial services businesses, with strong roots in the retail sector which operates in Japan and 10 countries across Asia. AEON Group is Japan’s largest retail group and it is a pure holding company that comprises eight core businesses.

AEON Group Malaysia consists of several entities, namely, AEON Co. (M) Bhd, AEON Credit Service (M) Berhad, AEON Bank (M) Berhad, AEON BiG (M) Sdn Bhd, AEON Fantasy (M) Sdn Bhd, AEON Delight (M) Sdn Bhd, AEON Global Supply Chain Sdn Bhd and Malaysian AEON Foundation (MAF). AEON Group has been a recognisable household brand with more than 200 years of history and evolution in Japan since the Edo era, along with 4 decades of growth in Malaysia, providing consumers with daily financial solutions and diversified retail convenience.

Our cloud native agility and AI optimisation, combined with the strength of our Shariah finance DNA, Malaysian tenacity and Japanese roots are our distinguishing factors, while the integration across the AEON ecosystem gives us a competitive advantage of being the only bank in Malaysia with its own nationwide retail network. On top of that, AEON Points loyalty programme offers customers value-added benefits and meaningful rewards for their online shopping and in-store purchases.

AEON Bank (M) Berhad is committed to empowering the community in pursuing their financial aspirations and achieve economic independence, while cultivating a more inclusive financial future for all. We will continue to contribute towards positioning Malaysia as the Islamic banking hub in the region and fostering the growth of the nation’s digital economy.

The project marks the company’s first new rare-earth refining facility since 2008 and comes as demand for high-performance magnets rises across electric vehicles, hard disk drives, robotics, wind power systems, defence equipment and advanced electronics. The investment is expected to exceed ¥35 billion, with ¥17.5 billion to be covered by government subsidy support, although the final cost and production schedule have not yet been fixed.

The new facility is intended to reinforce supplies for Shin-Etsu’s rare-earth magnet business and strengthen access to raw materials used in neodymium-based magnets. Heavy rare earths such as dysprosium, terbium and yttrium are particularly important because they improve magnet performance in high-temperature and high-stress applications, including vehicle motors and precision industrial systems.

Shin-Etsu already operates rare-earth refining facilities in Japan and has long been one of the country’s most important producers in the sector. Its rare-earth operations are centred in Fukui Prefecture, where it smelts materials and manufactures magnets at its plant in Echizen. The company says it works from raw materials through production to provide stable quality and supply, while also pursuing recycling and resource diversification.

The planned expansion reflects a broader shift in Japan’s industrial policy after months of tightening access to critical minerals. Chinese shipments of several heavy rare earths and gallium to Japan have been severely restricted since late 2025, heightening concerns among manufacturers that depend on these materials for magnets, semiconductors and other precision components. China continues to dominate mining, separation and refining capacity across the rare-earth value chain, giving Beijing considerable leverage over downstream industries.

Japan remains the largest rare-earth magnet producer outside China, but its manufacturers are still exposed to bottlenecks in the supply of heavy rare earths. The country has built stockpiles, backed overseas projects and encouraged recycling since the 2010 rare-earth shock, when diplomatic tensions with China exposed the risk of overdependence on one supplier. Those measures have improved resilience, but they have not removed the vulnerability.

The latest project is significant because it targets refining and processing rather than simply raw-material procurement. Mining deposits alone do not solve the supply challenge; rare earths require complex separation, purification and alloy processing before they can be turned into magnets. China’s advantage lies not only in reserves but also in decades of accumulated processing capacity, cost efficiency and industrial integration.

Shin-Etsu’s move also fits into a wider network of partnerships being pursued by Japan with Australia, France and the United States. Tokyo has backed alternative producers, supported offtake arrangements and encouraged private-sector investment in midstream processing. Australia-based Lynas has become a key non-China supplier, but output of heavy rare earths remains far below the volumes needed to replace Chinese supply in full.

The pressure is not limited to Japan. Manufacturers in the United States and Europe have faced similar supply uncertainty as export licensing delays affect rare earths used in aerospace, defence, clean energy and electronics. Companies exposed to the restrictions are searching for alternative suppliers, but industry executives warn that rebuilding a fully independent supply chain will take years.

For Shin-Etsu, the business case rests on both security and demand. Permanent magnets are central to electrification and digital infrastructure. Electric vehicles require compact, powerful motors; data centres and hard disk drives depend on precision magnetic components; wind turbines need high-strength magnets to improve efficiency. Demand growth has made the magnet supply chain a strategic concern for governments as well as manufacturers.

The company’s project is unlikely to eliminate Japan’s reliance on imported feedstock, especially for heavy rare earths where global non-China supply remains thin. It could, however, give domestic manufacturers greater control over processing, quality assurance and emergency production planning. That matters for customers in sectors where delivery delays can disrupt production lines and where material specifications are tightly controlled.

The government subsidy underscores how rare earths have moved from a specialist materials issue to a national industrial priority. Public support reduces the financial burden on companies undertaking technically demanding projects with long payback periods. It also signals that Tokyo is prepared to use industrial policy to keep strategic capabilities onshore.

Visitor arrivals from the six GCC countries reached 55,924 in 2025, up 25.2 per cent from the previous year, outpacing Japan’s wider inbound tourism growth. The increase came as total international arrivals hit 42.683 million, a record annual figure and a 15.8 per cent rise from 2024, when Japan had already surpassed its pre-pandemic high.

The Gulf performance remains small in absolute numbers compared with Japan’s biggest source markets in East Asia, North America and Europe, but the pace of growth has drawn attention from travel operators because GCC visitors tend to favour premium hotels, private tours, family travel, shopping, wellness experiences and multi-city itineraries. Demand has been supported by stronger aviation links through Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Doha, easier visa processes for several categories of travellers, and sustained interest in Japan’s seasonal attractions.

The rise also reflects a broader shift in Gulf outbound travel. Travellers from the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain and Oman are looking beyond traditional European summer destinations, especially as Japan promotes cooler regions, countryside routes and immersive cultural experiences. Hokkaido has gained visibility among Gulf families seeking milder summer weather, scenic drives and nature resorts, while Tokyo, Kyoto and Osaka continue to dominate first-time travel plans.

Japan’s appeal has been reinforced by the weak yen, which has made shopping, dining and accommodation more attractive for visitors with dollar-linked Gulf currencies. Luxury retail, department stores, theme parks, Michelin-listed restaurants, ryokan stays and private guides have benefited from the spending power of long-haul visitors. Travel agencies across the Gulf have also reported growing demand for tailor-made trips covering cherry blossom viewing, autumn foliage, ski resorts and Japanese pop culture.

Tourism spending has become a major pillar of Japan’s post-pandemic services economy. International visitor expenditure rose to about ¥9.5 trillion in 2025, up 16.4 per cent from the previous year, while average spending per visitor was roughly ¥229,000. The figures underline why Japan is targeting higher-value tourism rather than only volume growth, especially as pressure mounts on crowded destinations such as Kyoto, Mount Fuji viewing spots and central Tokyo districts.

Japan’s national tourism strategy aims to draw 60 million visitors annually by 2030, but policymakers and local authorities are increasingly balancing that target with concerns over overtourism. Measures have included crowd controls, higher accommodation taxes in some areas, visitor-management rules at popular sites and campaigns encouraging travellers to explore regional destinations. For GCC visitors, that strategy fits with demand for quieter, curated experiences outside the standard Golden Route of Tokyo, Kyoto and Osaka.

JNTO’s Dubai office has intensified destination marketing across the Gulf, with campaigns highlighting Hokkaido, Setouchi and other regions suited to repeat visitors. Promotional activity has focused on travel trade partners, digital media, luxury travel networks and family-oriented itineraries, reflecting the region’s preference for planned holidays with strong service standards. Japan’s participation in major Gulf travel events has also helped place the country more firmly in tour operators’ premium Asia portfolios.

Air connectivity remains a decisive factor. Gulf hubs provide one-stop access to several Japanese gateways for travellers from across the region, while Emirates, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways have helped keep Japan visible in high-yield leisure and business travel channels. Doha, Dubai and Abu Dhabi also act as connecting points for travellers from wider Middle East markets, strengthening Japan’s ability to attract visitors beyond its traditional Asian feeder markets.

Visa facilitation has added momentum. UAE nationals continue to benefit from visa-free short stays, while Qatari citizens have access to similar arrangements after completing required registration. Travellers from Saudi Arabia and other GCC states have increasingly been able to use electronic visa channels for tourism, reducing friction for families and first-time visitors. Expatriate residents in Gulf countries remain subject to nationality-based rules, but online processing has improved access for many applicants.

The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has set out a policy proposal calling for the rebuilding of between two and five reactors by the 2040s and up to 14 by the 2050s. The plan would add about 16 gigawatts of nuclear capacity, helping the country meet rising electricity demand from artificial intelligence, data centres, advanced manufacturing and wider electrification.

The proposal reflects a major shift in Japan’s energy strategy. After the Fukushima Daiichi disaster in March 2011, Japan shut all 54 operating reactors, leaving the world’s third-largest economy more dependent on imported liquefied natural gas, coal and oil. Only 15 of the 33 remaining operable reactors have returned to service, while many units face retirement pressure as they approach or exceed their permitted 60-year operating life.

Tokyo’s latest energy plan targets nuclear power at around 20 per cent of electricity generation by fiscal 2040, while renewables are expected to provide 40 to 50 per cent. Thermal power, which still accounts for a large share of supply, is expected to decline but remain important for grid stability and emergency backup. The policy removes earlier language about reducing reliance on nuclear power, replacing it with a call to maximise the use of both renewables and atomic energy.

The renewed push is driven by a combination of economic and geopolitical pressures. Japan imports most of its energy, leaving households and industry exposed to volatile fuel prices, shipping risks and currency swings. The war in Ukraine, instability in the Middle East and tighter global gas markets have strengthened the case within government for expanding domestic low-carbon baseload power.

Electricity demand, which had been broadly flat for years, is also expected to turn higher. The spread of AI computing, semiconductor plants, battery factories and digital infrastructure has increased concern that inadequate power supply could weaken Japan’s ability to attract investment. Officials view nuclear energy as a way to provide stable, large-scale electricity without increasing carbon emissions.

The plan is likely to benefit major utilities including Tokyo Electric Power, Kansai Electric Power, Kyushu Electric Power and Chubu Electric Power, although the sector still faces high regulatory, financial and social hurdles. Reactor replacement requires local consent, safety approval, heavy capital spending and long construction timelines. Japan has not built a new reactor since before Fukushima, and public trust remains fragile.

Safety concerns remain the central political obstacle. The Fukushima disaster, triggered by the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami, forced mass evacuations and left deep scepticism about official oversight of the nuclear industry. Questions over seismic risk, evacuation planning, spent fuel storage and operator transparency continue to shape public debate, particularly in communities near existing plants.

Controversies have added to the challenge. Chubu Electric has faced scrutiny over falsified seismic risk assessment data at the Hamaoka nuclear plant, a facility long viewed as sensitive because of its location in an earthquake-prone area. Incidents of that kind reinforce concerns among critics who argue that Japan should prioritise renewables, storage, grid upgrades and efficiency rather than committing to another generation of nuclear infrastructure.

Supporters counter that renewables alone will not meet Japan’s industrial needs quickly enough, given land constraints, permitting delays and the intermittency of solar and wind power. Offshore wind has long-term potential, while next-generation solar technologies such as perovskite cells are being promoted, but large-scale deployment will take time. Nuclear advocates argue that replacing old reactors with advanced designs could improve safety and reliability while supporting climate targets.

The government’s approach is to rebuild reactors at existing or decommissioned nuclear sites rather than open entirely new locations, a strategy designed to reduce political resistance and use established grid infrastructure. Next-generation reactors are expected to incorporate stronger passive safety systems and improved resilience against natural disasters, although costs and construction schedules remain uncertain.

The yen traded near 159.92 per dollar in Asian dealings, close to the level widely viewed by traders as a possible trigger for official action. The move erased much of the currency’s rebound after Japan’s ¥11.7 trillion intervention campaign earlier this year, leaving markets alert to fresh warnings from the Ministry of Finance.

Dollar demand strengthened after renewed fighting in the Gulf raised fears of wider disruption to energy supplies and trade routes. The US currency benefited from its reserve status, while risk-sensitive currencies came under pressure. The dollar index held around 99.27, supported by geopolitical uncertainty and firm US labour indicators that have reduced expectations of near-term monetary easing by the Federal Reserve.

Japan’s authorities have intensified verbal warnings as the yen weakens. Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama has said the government is ready to respond appropriately to excessive currency moves, language that traders typically read as a signal that intervention remains on the table. Officials have also stressed coordination with the United States, a politically sensitive point because unilateral currency action can draw scrutiny from trading partners.

The yen’s slide reflects a combination of external pressure and domestic policy constraints. Japan remains heavily dependent on imported energy, much of it priced in dollars. Higher oil prices therefore worsen the trade position and add pressure to household costs, while a weaker yen raises import bills further. Brent crude climbed towards $95 a barrel as Gulf tensions fed concerns over supplies, adding another layer of strain for Japan’s economy.

Attention is now focused on Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda, whose next policy signals will be watched closely ahead of the June 15-16 policy meeting. Markets have increased bets that the central bank could raise interest rates from 0.75% to 1%, especially as imported inflation pressures build. Any move would mark a further step away from the ultra-loose policy framework that kept Japan’s rates far below those of other major economies for years.

Still, the Bank of Japan faces a difficult balance. A rate increase could support the yen and help restrain inflation expectations, but policymakers remain cautious about tightening too sharply while domestic demand stays uneven. Wage growth has improved, yet household purchasing power remains vulnerable to higher energy and food costs. A premature tightening cycle could hurt consumption just as companies pass on higher input costs.

The interest-rate gap with the United States remains central to the yen’s weakness. US policy rates are still high by comparison, keeping dollar assets attractive to global investors. Stronger US jobs data has strengthened the argument that the Federal Reserve may keep policy restrictive for longer, or even consider further tightening if inflation risks intensify. That has limited any relief for currencies trading against the dollar.

Other major currencies also softened. The euro slipped as investors assessed rising energy-driven inflation in the eurozone and the possibility of a European Central Bank rate increase at its June 11 meeting. Sterling edged lower, while the Australian and New Zealand dollars were weighed down by weaker risk appetite. Cryptocurrency markets also came under pressure as investors moved away from volatile assets.

For Japan, the 160 level carries market and political significance. Authorities intervened when the yen breached similar levels in 2024 and again used large-scale buying this year to slow the currency’s decline. The effectiveness of intervention, however, depends on whether monetary policy and global market conditions move in the same direction. Without a narrower yield gap or a broader fall in the dollar, direct yen purchases can lose impact quickly.

The Tokyo-based maker of NAND flash memory and solid-state drives has become one of the most closely watched stocks on the Tokyo Stock Exchange after a sharp rally tied to demand for data-centre storage, AI servers and high-performance memory systems. Its market capitalisation has climbed into the tens of trillions of yen, placing it near Toyota and behind SoftBank Group in a reshuffled ranking that would have seemed unlikely when Kioxia priced its initial public offering at 1,455 yen a share in December 2024.

The shift marks a wider challenge to the long-standing dominance of Japan’s manufacturing champions. Toyota, the global carmaker that symbolised the strength of Japan Inc. for decades, has been displaced from the top position by SoftBank during the latest AI-led surge, while Kioxia has risen rapidly from a former Toshiba memory unit backed by Bain Capital into a central player in the market’s technology rotation.

Kioxia’s climb reflects investor expectations that memory will remain a bottleneck in AI infrastructure. Generative AI systems require vast amounts of storage and high-speed data movement, pushing demand beyond the older cycle driven mainly by smartphones and personal computers. Data-centre operators, cloud companies and chip designers are competing for components needed to train and run large AI models, giving memory producers stronger pricing power after years of volatility.

The company’s earnings have strengthened sharply. Kioxia has projected operating profit of about 1.3 trillion yen for the April-June quarter, a figure that puts it among the most profitable listed companies in Japan. Its latest annual results showed strong momentum in revenue, margins and cash generation, helping ease earlier concerns about debt and cyclicality. Rating upgrades to investment grade have added to the perception that the balance sheet is improving at a time when investors are rewarding semiconductor exposure.

Kioxia’s origins give its rise broader industrial significance. The company traces its roots to Toshiba’s memory business, which was sold to a Bain-led consortium in 2018 after Toshiba’s financial crisis. The group was renamed Kioxia in 2019, drawing on the Japanese word for memory and the Greek word for value. Its public listing in 2024 valued it below 800 billion yen, after earlier IPO attempts were delayed by weak valuation conditions and pressure in the memory market.

That cautious debut contrasts sharply with its current status. Shares have multiplied as investors reassessed the role of NAND flash in AI systems, especially as large-scale data centres require higher storage density, faster access and more energy-efficient hardware. Kioxia has also been developing advanced BiCS FLASH technology and promoting next-generation SSDs for AI storage infrastructure.

The rally has also lifted questions over valuation risk. Memory chips remain one of the semiconductor industry’s most cyclical segments, with prices exposed to shifts in capital spending, inventory levels and customer demand. A sharp rise in market value leaves Kioxia vulnerable if hyperscaler investment slows, if competitors add capacity faster than expected, or if customers push back against higher pricing.

Competition is intense. Samsung Electronics, SK Hynix, Micron Technology and SanDisk remain key players across memory markets, with SK Hynix holding a dominant position in high-bandwidth memory used in AI accelerators. Kioxia’s strength is more closely tied to NAND flash and SSDs, where demand from AI infrastructure has broadened the market but does not eliminate the risk of oversupply once new capacity comes on stream.

Toyota’s relative decline in the rankings does not point to operational weakness alone. The carmaker remains one of the world’s largest manufacturers by sales and a major profit generator, but investors have been rotating away from traditional industrial leaders towards companies with direct AI exposure. Concerns over electric-vehicle competition, currency movements and the cost of future technologies have weighed on auto valuations, even as Toyota continues to command global scale in hybrid vehicles and supply-chain management.

SoftBank’s ascent has further highlighted the changing market narrative. Its exposure to Arm and AI-related investments has drawn investors seeking Japan-based access to global AI infrastructure. Together, SoftBank and Kioxia now represent a market story centred on chips, data centres, software platforms and computing capacity rather than the export-led industrial model that long defined Japan’s equity market.

Foreign investor flows have amplified the shift. Japan’s equity market has benefited from corporate-governance reforms, stronger capital returns and renewed interest in companies linked to the AI supply chain. The Nikkei 225 has reached record territory, though the rally has been uneven, with gains concentrated in a limited group of technology-linked names while broader market performance has been more mixed.

Kioxia’s next test will be whether it can convert favourable pricing and sold-out capacity into durable earnings. Investors will look for clearer shareholder-return plans, disciplined capital expenditure and evidence that AI storage demand can remain strong beyond the current investment wave. The company’s contemplated US share listing would widen access to global technology investors and could further raise its profile if market conditions remain supportive.

Shares in Masayoshi Son’s technology investment group surged in Tokyo trading, lifting its market value to about ¥47.2 trillion, or roughly $296 billion, ahead of Toyota’s ¥45.7 trillion after the carmaker’s stock fell nearly 5 per cent. The move placed SoftBank at the top of Japan’s corporate valuation table for the first time in more than two decades and added momentum to a Nikkei 225 rally that pushed the index above 67,000.

The change is more than a stock-market milestone. It reflects how the AI boom has reshaped capital allocation in Japan, where investors are assigning higher value to companies with exposure to semiconductors, data centres, power infrastructure and generative AI platforms. Toyota remains one of the world’s largest and most profitable carmakers, but its valuation is now being weighed against a slower earnings outlook, tariff pressure, currency swings and the heavy cost of electrification.

SoftBank’s advance has been driven by a powerful combination of portfolio gains and expectations that its AI-linked holdings could generate fresh liquidity. The group’s exposure to Arm, the British chip-design company it took public in 2023, has become a key pillar of its market value. Arm’s technology is used widely across smartphones, cloud computing and increasingly AI-related chips, giving SoftBank a central position in the semiconductor supply chain.

OpenAI has become the second major driver of investor attention. SoftBank has committed tens of billions of dollars to the ChatGPT developer and is positioning itself as a core financier of AI infrastructure. Expectations that OpenAI could move towards a public listing have intensified interest in SoftBank’s asset base, even as analysts continue to debate how much of the group’s valuation depends on private-market pricing and future monetisation.

The latest surge followed SoftBank’s plan to invest up to €75 billion in AI infrastructure in France, including data centres and power-intensive computing capacity. The first phase is expected to involve about €45 billion of investment to build 3.1 gigawatts of capacity by 2031, with further expansion potentially taking the total to 5 gigawatts. The project places France at the centre of Europe’s push to develop sovereign AI infrastructure, helped by its nuclear-heavy power system and available industrial sites.

SoftBank is also moving to create public-market vehicles around AI infrastructure. SB Energy, its power and data-centre platform, is preparing for a potential US listing and has been linked to a valuation above $50 billion. The company is involved in large-scale power projects designed to support AI workloads, including a 1.2-gigawatt data-centre development in Texas. A separate robotics venture, Roze, is also being prepared for a possible listing, highlighting SoftBank’s attempt to build an ecosystem around energy, construction automation and computing capacity.

Toyota’s fall in ranking does not signal operational weakness. The carmaker reported operating income of ¥3.8 trillion for the financial year ended March 2026, supported by vehicle sales and pricing power despite tariff costs and rising expenses. It remains a global force in hybrid technology, production efficiency and supply-chain management. However, investors have become more cautious about its growth outlook as the auto sector faces higher regulatory costs, slower battery-electric vehicle adoption in some markets, and intensifying competition from China-based manufacturers.

The contrast between SoftBank and Toyota captures a broader reordering of Japan’s equity market. AI-linked names, chip suppliers and infrastructure companies are drawing strong inflows, while parts of the auto sector and older industrial groups face questions over margin durability. Kioxia, the memory-chip maker, has also climbed sharply this year, showing how investor enthusiasm has spread beyond SoftBank into companies tied to storage and high-performance computing.

The rally has strengthened the profile of Son, whose investment record has swung between spectacular gains and painful losses. SoftBank’s Vision Fund suffered heavy write-downs after the collapse in technology valuations in 2021 and 2022, while earlier bets such as WeWork damaged confidence in the group’s risk controls. Its comeback has been powered by a more concentrated AI narrative, but that also leaves the shares vulnerable if expectations around OpenAI, Arm or infrastructure listings are revised lower.