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The Mach33 Physical AI Fashion Show, staged on May 28 at Galaxy Robot Park in Gangdong District, placed robots in coordinated outfits beside models wearing matching designs. The display was built around a simple proposition from the company: if robots are moving into public spaces, homes, workplaces and entertainment venues, they may also need a visual identity.

Galaxy Corporation, known for linking entertainment with technology, presented the event as more than a novelty performance. Its founder and chief executive, Choi Yong-ho, has described Mach33 as a marker for a “physical AI” era in which technology is no longer confined to screens but appears in bodies that walk, gesture and interact with people. The runway show sought to show that clothing could become part of that transition, shaping how humans perceive machines and how robots fit into social settings.

The event took place inside Galaxy Robot Park, a 16,500-square-metre venue that opened in eastern Seoul on May 5. The park features humanoid robots performing K-pop routines, mock boxing matches, interactive demonstrations and other entertainment formats. The company has positioned the site as a testing ground for robot-led performance, with ambitions that extend beyond Korea into touring shows and global entertainment products.

The fashion show reflected Galaxy Corporation’s broader attempt to build a cultural brand around robotics. The company manages high-profile entertainment names including G-Dragon and Taemin, while also promoting itself as an “enter-tech” business. That combination of pop culture, stagecraft and robotics has helped it attract attention in a field often dominated by industrial automation, warehouse systems and laboratory prototypes.

The robots that appeared on the runway were not presented as replacements for human models, but as co-performers. Their value lay in the spectacle of synchronisation, movement and visual contrast. Matching outfits reduced the distance between human and machine, while the robots’ mechanical gait reminded audiences that the technology still carries limitations. The result was less a conventional fashion presentation than a staged experiment in public acceptance.

The concept also raised practical questions. Robots designed for hotels, retail, care homes, theme parks or public-facing service roles may require clothing that does more than decorate. Garments may need to allow joint movement, protect sensors, signal function, reduce intimidation and make machines more approachable. Fashion for humanoids could therefore become a niche within industrial design, combining textiles, robotics engineering and brand strategy.

Seoul’s robot catwalk arrives as Korea deepens its push into humanoid robotics. The K-Humanoid Alliance, launched in 2025, brought together major companies, universities and research institutes with the aim of strengthening national capability in AI-driven robots by 2030. Samsung Electronics has increased its stake in Rainbow Robotics to 35 per cent, while Hyundai Motor Group has expanded its work with Boston Dynamics and outlined plans tied to large-scale robot production.

Global competition is also intensifying. Tesla’s Optimus, Figure AI’s humanoid systems, Agility Robotics’ Digit and Boston Dynamics’ Atlas have pushed humanoids into investor presentations, factory trials and public demonstrations. The race is no longer limited to whether robots can walk or lift objects. Companies are now trying to define where robots will be commercially useful, how they will be priced, and how people will respond when machines occupy spaces once reserved for human workers and performers.

Fashion may appear peripheral to that contest, but public trust could become a decisive issue. Humanoids must navigate human environments where appearance, motion and social cues matter. A robot dressed for a hospital will need to project cleanliness and calm. A retail robot may need to look welcoming. A performer may need costume, hair, lighting and choreography as carefully planned as any human act.

Galaxy Corporation’s Seoul event leaned heavily into spectacle, but it also exposed the unsettled state of humanoid design. Robots still move with visible constraints, and the emotional connection that human performers build with audiences remains difficult to reproduce. The company’s bet is that entertainment can accelerate familiarity, making robots less alien before they move into other parts of daily life.

A draft framework under consideration would expand the role of monitoring agencies, usually SEBI-registered credit rating firms, and give them a stronger channel to flag diversion, delays or non-cooperation in the deployment of funds raised through equity issues. The proposals cover initial public offerings, rights issues, preferential allotments and qualified institutional placements, widening the regulatory lens beyond conventional IPO scrutiny.

Central to the plan is a proposal to lower the threshold for mandatory monitoring of issue proceeds from ₹100 crore to ₹50 crore. That change would bring a larger number of mid-sized fundraisings under independent review, particularly at a time when companies are using public markets not only for expansion but also for debt repayment, acquisitions, working capital and general corporate purposes.

The proposed framework would also require monitoring agencies to report directly to stock exchanges, rather than depend mainly on issuers for the onward dissemination of their findings. This would mark a significant shift in the balance of responsibility, as exchanges would receive a clearer view of whether the stated objects of an issue match actual fund utilisation.

Companies that fail to cooperate with monitoring agencies could face penalties, including fines of ₹50,000 for each violation. The measure is intended to address a weakness in the current structure, where monitoring agencies review deployment but have limited power when issuers delay information, provide incomplete data or fail to explain deviations from stated plans.

SEBI’s initiative comes after a period of heavy fundraising through equity markets, followed by a more cautious phase shaped by global risk aversion, pressure on domestic stocks and foreign portfolio outflows. Large companies and new-age firms have kept IPO plans alive, but several issuers have deferred listings as valuations became harder to defend. The regulator’s draft reflects a view that investor confidence depends not only on disclosure before fundraising but also on verifiable use of proceeds after capital is raised.

Under existing rules, companies raising equity funds must disclose the objects of the issue in offer documents and provide periodic updates on utilisation. Monitoring agencies submit reports on whether the proceeds are being used as promised. These reports are placed before audit committees and submitted to stock exchanges, but the enforcement burden largely remains with the issuer and the regulator.

The proposed changes would make monitoring more active and less dependent on company-led disclosure. Rating firms would be expected to examine bank statements, payment trails, board approvals and project progress more closely. They may also need to identify whether funds have been parked for long periods, shifted to purposes not approved by investors, or routed through related-party arrangements.

For investors, the changes could improve visibility over post-issue conduct, especially in cases where companies raise money for broad purposes and later alter business plans. Fund diversion has long been a concern in equity markets because public shareholders bear the risk when proceeds are used for objectives that differ materially from those advertised during the fundraising process.

For issuers, the proposals may raise compliance costs and increase documentation burdens. Smaller companies crossing the proposed ₹50 crore threshold would have to engage monitoring agencies and respond to periodic queries. Market participants expect some pushback from companies that argue existing audit committee and exchange disclosure requirements already provide sufficient oversight.

The regulatory argument is that tougher monitoring could reduce the gap between promise and performance. When a company raises money to build capacity, buy assets or reduce debt, the market prices the issue partly on those declared plans. If funds are later diverted or left idle without adequate explanation, minority shareholders have limited ability to intervene.

Credit rating agencies would gain a more prominent governance role under the proposed structure. Their task would move beyond checking utilisation statements to becoming a stronger early-warning mechanism for exchanges and investors. That may also bring questions over capacity, liability and conflict management, since the same agencies operate across ratings, surveillance and advisory-linked functions.

SEBI has been refining capital-raising rules across public issues, preferential allotments, rights issues and qualified institutional placements as it seeks to balance ease of fundraising with protection for minority investors. The latest proposal fits into a broader regulatory push to make market access faster while demanding greater transparency after money is raised.

Highlights of FY25/26 Results

HONG KONG SAR – Media OutReach Newswire – 28 May 2026 – Johnson Electric Holdings Limited (“Johnson Electric”), a global leader in electric motors and motion subsystems, today announced its results for the twelve months ended 31 March 2026.

Group sales for the 2025/26 financial year were US$3,650 million, an increase of 0.1% compared to the prior year. Net profit attributable to shareholders decreased by 23% to US$202 million or 21.59 US cents per share on a fully diluted basis. Adjusted net profit, excluding the effects of non-cash foreign exchange rate movements, the impairment of intangible assets, restructuring charges, and adverse fair value movements in investments, declined by 13% to US$234 million.

Sales Performance

The Automotive Products Group (“APG”) achieved sales of US$3,054 million, which amounted to 84% of total Group sales. Excluding currency effects, APG’s sales decreased by 3%.

Global automotive industry production volumes increased slightly over the prior year, but growth remains lacklustre in most markets due to affordability concerns and the challenges faced by OEMs and suppliers in adjusting to geopolitical uncertainty, tariff pressures, and the shifting economics of battery electric vehicles that continue to be shaped by the level of government subsidies available to consumers.

APG’s sales are divided broadly equally across the three major geographic regions of demand, but performance over the past year reflected distinct variations in local market conditions, as well as APG’s own mix of OEM customers and the timing of new program launches.

In Asia, the division’s sales declined by 7% on a constant currency basis primarily due to the ongoing erosion in market share held by Sino-foreign joint venture OEM customers in China. APG has continued to win significant new business awards from Chinese domestic OEMs and their suppliers, which now account for the majority of its sales in China. However, the division’s historically large share among joint venture customers has acted as a drag on its recent sales performance that is taking time to reverse. The domestic passenger vehicle market in China itself experienced a sharp slowdown in sales in the first quarter of 2026 due to the phasing out of trade-in subsidies designed to encourage the purchase of electric vehicles.

APG’s sales to the Americas increased by 1% on a constant currency basis in a market that saw total light vehicle production volumes broadly flat. The predominant factor constraining new car sales in North America is cost of living concerns, with many low to middle income car buyers struggling to afford new vehicles that, on average, have increased in price by over 30% since 2020.

In Europe, APG’s sales decreased by 2% on a constant currency basis. The European auto market continues to experience sluggish consumer demand at the same time that OEMs are hampered by excess production capacity and the impact of shifting emissions regulations on their product model line-ups.

APG’s strategy in the context of the varied and unpredictable operating environment for component suppliers is, firstly, to focus on bringing to market innovative motion technologies that enable electrification, reduce emissions, and enhance passenger safety and comfort. Secondly, APG aims to offer its diverse base of customers an unrivalled total cost and value proposition that combines speed, scale, and reliability of production with an adaptable global operating footprint.

The Industry Products Group (“IPG”) achieved sales of US$596 million – an increase of 2% compared to the prior year on a constant currency basis. After three successive years of declining sales, this marks an important return to growth for the division. In more commoditized product application segments, new business development has been redirected towards the rapidly growing base of Chinese manufacturers who are capturing an increasing share of the global market for consumer and commercial hardware goods – particularly for low-priced, entry-level products. In parallel, IPG is focused on supplying motion subsystem solutions to more specialized, higher-growth segments, including humanoid robotics, warehouse automation, medical devices, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, and liquid cooling applications.

Gross Margins and Operating Profitability

The Group’s gross profit of US$840 million, or 23.0% of sales, was essentially flat compared to the prior financial year. Slight increases in production staff costs, depreciation, and raw materials were offset by savings in other production overheads and direct labour.

Reported earnings before interest, tax and amortization (“EBITA”) amounted to US$258 million, a decrease of 22% compared to US$331 million achieved in the prior year. The decline was due to a combination of factors, including higher selling and administrative staff costs and other provisions, an impairment of intangible assets arising from a past acquisition, and reduced other income due to an adverse net change in the fair value of certain investments.

Net Profit and Financial Condition

Net profit attributable to shareholders decreased by 23% to US$202 million or 21.59 US cents per share on a fully diluted basis. Adjusted net profit, excluding the effects of non-cash foreign exchange rate movements, the impairment of intangible assets, restructuring charges, and adverse fair value movements in investments, amounted to US$234 million compared to US$268 million in the prior year.

The Group’s overall financial condition remains robust with a total debt to capital ratio of 10%, an interest coverage ratio of 22 times, and year-end cash reserves of US$902 million.

Dividends

The Board considers it appropriate to recommend maintaining the final dividend of 44 HK cents (5.64 US cents) per share, which together with the interim dividend of 17 HK cents per share, represents a total dividend of 61 HK cents (7.82 US cents) per share.

Chairman’s Comments on the Annual Results and Outlook

Commenting on the annual results for the financial year 2025/26, Dr. Patrick Wang, Chairman and Chief Executive, said, “Operating conditions for global manufacturing businesses during the financial year 2025/26 remained challenging, with end-market demand in most regions subdued and geopolitical events and uncertainties placing upward pressure on input costs.”

Dr. Patrick Wang further commented: “In the face of these headwinds, Johnson Electric maintained its long-standing resilience with sales and gross profit margins both holding up comparatively well. The bottom-line result, however, was negatively impacted by the effects of higher overhead expenses on a flat sales base, adverse net changes in the fair value of investments, and a non-cash intangible assets impairment charge.”

Concerning the near-term financial outlook, Dr. Patrick Wang said: “The global economy demonstrated resilience over the past year, despite the protracted conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the geopolitical shock of tariffs being imposed on US imports of goods from almost all countries. Looking ahead, the unstable and unpredictable conditions for trade and global manufacturing have been made even more precarious by the outbreak of war in the Middle East.”

“Johnson Electric has a long-standing track record in successfully navigating volatile global markets. In the near term, with geopolitical and macro-economic dynamics impossible to forecast with precision, management remains focused on cost control, managing the effects of inflation, and maintaining a prudent financial risk profile.”

“In parallel, however, we are also committed to invest in adapting and scaling our business model to meet strong underlying demand for our motion subsystem solutions in several high-growth end-markets and new product applications. Included among these are: thermal management systems for electric and hybrid vehicles that depend on a combination of water pumps, valves and actuators to support optimal vehicle cabin temperature, extend electric vehicle driving range, and contribute to longer battery life; solid oxide fuel cell power generation systems that are becoming established as an important source of low-emission, on-site electricity supply to AI data centres; and AI-enabled humanoid robots, which are widely viewed as one of the most significant industrial and commercial opportunities over the next ten to twenty years.”

Forward Looking Statements

This news release contains certain forward looking statements with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and business of Johnson Electric and certain plans and objectives of the management of Johnson Electric.

Words such as “outlook”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “believe”, “estimates”, “projects”, variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward looking statements. Such forward looking statements involve known and unknown risk, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results or performance of Johnson Electric to be materially different from any future results or performance expressed or implied by such forward looking statements. Such forward looking statements are based on numerous assumptions regarding Johnson Electric’s present and future business strategies and the political and economic environment in which Johnson Electric will operate in the future.

Note to Editors and Securities Analysts: The full text of the Annual Results announcement, includingfinancial statements, is available through the Investors section of company’s website at www.johnsonelectric.com
Hashtag: #JohnsonElectric

The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

About Johnson Electric Group

At Johnson Electric, our vision is to be the world’s definitive provider of innovation and reliable motion systems.

We are a global leader in electric motors, actuators, motion subsystems and related electro-mechanical components, serving a broad range of industries including Automotive, Liquid Cooling, Robotic Joints, Smart Metering, Business Equipment, Ventilation, Home Automation, Large Appliances, Power Tools, Medical Devices and Lawn & Garden Equipment. The Group is headquartered in Hong Kong and employes over 30,000 individuals in more than 20 countries worldwide. We are listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited ( Stock no. 179). For further information, please visit: www.johnsonelectric.com.

The ‘Xpress Sale’ is open for bookings from May 27 to May 31, 2026, with travel valid from June 15 to October 10. The discount applies to Lite and Value fare categories, giving passengers a wider window to plan summer, festive and early autumn trips across the carrier’s network. The airline began the sale through its website and mobile app on May 27, before widening access to major booking platforms from May 28.

The scale of the offer points to a calibrated push by Air India Express to fill capacity across a network that now spans 42 domestic and 17 international destinations. The carrier operates more than 500 daily flights and has been expanding its presence across South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Gulf, where demand is shaped by migrant traffic, family visits, business travel and holiday movement.

Passengers booking directly through the airline’s website or app during the sale are being offered zero convenience fees, adding a direct-channel incentive to the headline fare reduction. The campaign also includes additional benefits for Tata NeuPass members, including 20 per cent off Business Class fares, an extra discount of up to ₹300 on flight bookings and the opportunity to earn up to 8 per cent NeuCoins.

The Business Class offer covers seats with extra legroom, complimentary hot meals under the airline’s Gourmair product, enhanced check-in baggage allowance and priority services under Xpress Ahead. The airline is also offering up to 30 per cent off selected add-ons, including meals, seat selection, excess check-in baggage and extra cabin baggage options.

Air India Express is positioning the sale as both a demand-generation exercise and a customer-retention tool at a time when fare-sensitive travellers are comparing airlines more actively across direct platforms and online travel agencies. Promotional fare campaigns have become a central part of the low-cost aviation model, helping carriers improve forward bookings while encouraging passengers to buy optional services that raise ancillary revenue.

The offer arrives against a backdrop of steady aviation demand. Domestic air passenger traffic in FY2026 stood at about 167.7 million, reflecting moderate growth despite pressure from high operating costs and capacity adjustments across the sector. March 2026 alone recorded about 14.68 million domestic passengers, higher than both the previous month and the same month a year earlier.

Fuel remains one of the largest cost variables for airlines, often accounting for a major share of operating expenditure. Volatile jet fuel prices, currency pressure and airspace disruptions have added complexity to airline planning, making advance sales an important tool to manage load factors, cash flow and route economics. Discounted inventory can support demand on thinner routes while helping carriers protect aircraft utilisation during shoulder periods.

The campaign also fits into Air India Express’s broader transformation after the merger of AIX Connect with Air India Express was completed in October 2024. The merged low-cost carrier had a fleet of 88 aircraft at the time and has been working towards a larger narrow-body operation built around domestic and short-haul international markets.

The airline’s growth strategy includes a plan to more than double capacity over four to five years and build a fleet of more than 200 aircraft. Domestic routes are expected to take a larger share of capacity over time, rising towards about 60 per cent of operations, while short-haul international flying remains a key component of the network.

Gulf connectivity remains central to the carrier’s overseas strategy. Air India Express has been rebuilding and expanding services to West Asia, including Qatar, Bahrain, the UAE, Oman and Saudi Arabia, with more than 40 daily services to Gulf destinations after route resumptions and frequency additions. This market is especially important for travellers from Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and other states with deep labour, family and business links to the region.

Prudent Risk Management Yields Solid Outcomes metrics, Core Pawn Business Demonstrates Resilient Growth with Proposed Final Dividend of HK$1.15 cents per share

Results Highlights:

• Profit for the year attributable to shareholders increased by approximately 47.8% YoY to approximately HK$82.6 million
• Net profit margin increased by approximately 16.2 p.p. YoY to approximately 50.2%
• Impairment losses recognized on loan receivables decreased by approximately 72.6% YoY to HK$12.7 million
• Revenue from pawn loan business increased by approximately 12.9% YoY to approximately HK$98.6 million
• Proposed final dividend of HK$1.15 cents per share

HONG KONG SAR – Media OutReach – 27 May 2026 – The board of directors of Oi Wah Pawnshop Credit Holdings Limited (HKEx stock code: 1319.HK, the “Group” or “Oi Wah”) announced its annual results and its financial position. For the year ended 28 February 2026 (“FY2026“), the Group recorded revenue of approximately HK$164.4 million. Profit attributable to shareholders of the Company reached approximately HK$82.6 million, representing an increase of 47.8% compared to the year ended 28 February 2025 (“FY2025“). During the year, net interest margin expanded to approximately 17.2%.

As of 28 February 2026, the cash and cash equivalents (net of bank overdraft) amounted to approximately HK$376.9 million, representing a substantial increase of approximately 74.8% YoY. The net assets increased to approximately HK$1,155.7 million. Concurrently, the gearing ratio dropped to 4.1%. During the year, the earnings per share increased by approximately 48.3% YoY to HK 4.3 cents. The Board of Directors recommends a final dividend of HK 1.15 cents per share.

BUSINESS REVIEW

Mortgage loan business

In FY2026, the economy entered a phase of gradual recovery, leading to a steady resurgence in financing demand. The revenue from the mortgage loan business was approximately HK$65.8 million and accounted for approximately 40.0% of the Group’s total revenue during the year. The gross mortgage loan receivables were approximately HK$612.5 million as at 28 February 2026. During the year, net interest margin of the mortgage loan business was approximately 10.1%.

In FY2026, the Group maintained a disciplined and risk-sensitive approach in its lending activities. While we observed an encouraging stabilization in the residential property market, the Group exercised intensified vigilance toward the commercial and industrial sectors due to persistent supply overhangs and valuation pressures. Our underwriting strategy remained focused on building a resilient loan portfolio by prioritizing high-quality collaterals and prudent loan-to-value ratios. During the year, the average loan-to-value ratio for first mortgage was approximately 56.27%, while overall average loan-to-value ratio for subordinate mortgage was approximately 40.82% of which, average loan-to-value ratio of subordinate mortgage that the Group participated in was approximately 3.73%.

Reflecting our robust credit risk management, the charge for impairment losses recognized on loan receivables decreased from approximately HK$46.3 million to approximately HK$12.7 million, representing a decrease of approximately 72.6% or HK$33.6 million.

Pawn Loan Business

The revenue from the pawn loan business increased by approximately 12.9% to approximately HK$98.6 million in FY2026. The business’s profitability was further bolstered by a significant 73.0% increase in the gain on disposal of repossessed assets, which reached approximately HK$19.2 million as compared to approximately HK$11.1 million in FY2025. This performance was mainly attributed to the unprecedented strength of gold prices and a highly active secondary market for luxuries, particularly high-end timepieces. These factors have further solidified the pawn loan business as a resilient and strategic hedge against broader economic volatility.

During the year, the Group continued to channel resources to advertising and promotion to enhance the Group’s brand exposure. Such effort has generated demand for one-to-one pawn loan appointment services for pawn loans exceeding HK$0.1 million.

PROSPECTS

Looking ahead, the Group maintains a stance of cautious optimism regarding the global economic recovery. While macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainties may persist, we remain dedicated to a proactive yet prudent strategy to ensure sustainable long-term growth and maximize returns for our shareholders.

Within the mortgage loan market, our strategy will be characterized by a calibrated and divergent approach. We continue to hold an optimistic outlook on the residential property segment, where we intend to capitalize on the stabilizing interest rate environment by identifying high-quality mortgage opportunities. Conversely, we maintain cautious and vigilant towards the commercial and industrial sectors. Given the structural challenges of inventory overhang and the increasing prevalence of distressed assets, the Group will exercise intensified oversight in its credit underwriting and collateral appraisal to mitigate valuation risks.

Regarding our core operations, we anticipate our pawn loan business to remain resilient, supported by a firm gold price trajectory and sustained demand for liquidity management. To further enhance operational efficiency, the Group is actively optimizing its pawn shop network. We are strategically identifying more cost-effective locations within our established service areas, aiming to relocate our pawn outlets to premises with more competitive lease terms to reduce operating overheads while maintaining our leading market presence.

Simultaneously, our strategic partnership with PACM Group remains a key driver for geographic diversification. By proactively exploring institutional credit opportunities in developed markets while maintaining rigorous investment oversight, the Group is well-positioned to navigate evolving industry dynamics and deliver stable value to all stakeholders.

Mr. Edward Chan, Chairman and CEO of the Company, said, “Global geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainties intertwine, placing pressure on the global economic recovery and posing ongoing challenges to the local property market. In the face of a complex external environment, Oi Wah has consistently adhered to a proactive yet prudent management strategy. Our core pawn loan business has fully demonstrated its role as a strategic tool to hedge against macroeconomic fluctuations, showcasing the Group’s strong resilience amidst market challenges.

Looking forward, we will adopt a carefully calibrated differentiation strategy and continue to drive regional diversification. Under strict investment monitoring, we will actively explore business opportunities in developed markets to further expand our revenue streams and customer base, striving to deliver long-term, stable, and sustainable returns for our shareholders.”

Hashtag: #OiWah

The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

About Oi Wah Pawnshop Credit Holdings Limited

Oi Wah is a financing service provider in Hong Kong, mainly providing short-term secured financing, including pawn loans and mortgage loans. The Group established its first pawnshop in 1975 and currently owns 10 pawnshops and one premium service center in various locations in Hong Kong. Oi Wah diversified into mortgage loan business in 2009. The Group is the first local pawn shop which successfully listed on the Main Board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited on 12 March 2013.

Online retail sales of goods and services rose 6.6 per cent year on year in January-April, reaching about 6.53 trillion yuan, as digital platforms continued to draw shoppers through discounts, livestreaming, faster delivery and wider service offerings. Online retail sales of goods contributed 72.2 per cent to the growth of total retail sales of consumer goods, underlining the sector’s importance to household consumption and the wider services economy.

The performance stood out against a softer macroeconomic backdrop. Total retail sales of consumer goods increased 1.9 per cent year on year to 16.49 trillion yuan in the first four months, while April’s retail sales rose only 0.2 per cent from a year earlier, slowing sharply from March. Industrial output also moderated in April, while fixed-asset investment weakened in the January-April period, adding pressure on policymakers to keep consumption and digital commerce at the centre of growth-support measures.

Food, apparel, daily necessities and services remained key pillars of online demand. Online sales of agricultural products rose 12.2 per cent during the four-month period, reflecting stronger farm-to-consumer supply chains and the growing ability of digital platforms to connect rural producers with urban buyers. E-commerce transactions involving metal products climbed 34.8 per cent, while chemical products rose 12.2 per cent, signalling that business-to-business digital trade is becoming a larger part of the sector’s expansion.

Services delivered some of the strongest growth. Online tourism sales jumped 33.2 per cent, while online catering sales rose 20 per cent, helped by domestic travel demand, app-based restaurant bookings, group-buying promotions and instant delivery networks. This shift has broadened the definition of e-commerce beyond parcel delivery, making it a channel for local services, entertainment, travel and food consumption.

China’s major platforms remain central to the sector’s trajectory. Alibaba continues to rely on Taobao and Tmall while pushing faster local delivery through integrated quick-commerce services. JD. com is using its logistics network to defend its position in electronics, household goods and same-day fulfilment. Pinduoduo remains a powerful force in value-led shopping, while Douyin and Kuaishou have expanded livestream commerce by converting entertainment traffic into direct sales. Meituan has become a key player in instant retail, extending its food-delivery infrastructure into groceries, medicines, flowers, consumer goods and convenience-store items.

The fastest change is taking place in instant retail, where platforms promise deliveries within an hour by linking consumers to nearby warehouses, restaurants, pharmacies and shops. The model has moved beyond food delivery into daily essentials and non-food categories, creating a new battleground for Alibaba, JD. com and Meituan. Heavy subsidies have helped attract users, but they have also raised concerns about margins, rider welfare, food safety and wasteful competition.

Regulatory scrutiny is rising alongside the sector’s growth. Authorities have fined major food-delivery and e-commerce platforms over failures in vendor verification and consumer protection, while new rules on platform pricing and unfair competition are tightening oversight of discounting, algorithms and merchant treatment. The regulatory direction suggests support for digital commerce will continue, but platforms are being pushed towards higher-quality growth rather than unchecked subsidy wars.

Cross-border e-commerce also remained a bright spot. The Silk Road e-commerce initiative helped lift online sales of imported products from partner countries, with Thai durians, beverages from the UAE and Italian casual trousers recording sharp gains in January-April. The trend points to growing consumer appetite for imported food, fashion and lifestyle products, while also helping overseas exporters access China’s vast digital marketplace through platform partnerships, bonded warehouses and livestream selling.

Rural e-commerce is another policy priority. Expanded digital infrastructure, village-level logistics points and platform-backed agricultural campaigns have helped smaller producers sell fruit, tea, seafood, grains and speciality foods directly to consumers. The model supports rural incomes and reduces dependence on traditional wholesale chains, though smaller sellers still face challenges from platform fees, return costs, traffic concentration and intense price competition.