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The Gulf region is fast becoming a significant alternative hub for Indian jewellery manufacturing and exports, spurred by rising trade tensions between the US and India. Experts point to the growing challenges faced by Indian jewellers, particularly as American tariffs on Indian imports climb in response to geopolitical factors, including India’s continued oil purchases from Russia.

The latest move by the US, led by an executive order from President Donald Trump, has intensified trade uncertainties. The executive order, signed on Wednesday, introduces a hefty 25 per cent tariff on Indian goods, with specific implications for the jewellery sector. This tariff hike, effective in three weeks, increases the overall tariff burden on Indian imports to 50 per cent—one of the highest rates the US has imposed on its trading partners.

For years, India has been the global leader in jewellery manufacturing, with a robust presence in the international market, particularly in the US. However, the imposition of punitive tariffs has forced many Indian jewellers to rethink their export strategies. The Gulf region, traditionally a key market for Indian gold and precious stones, is now gaining prominence as a strategic manufacturing base, offering a more favourable trade environment.

The decision to shift operations to the Gulf is driven by a combination of factors, including the region’s strategic geographic position and its trade agreements with major markets. Countries like the UAE and Bahrain have long been involved in the jewellery trade, but as tariffs increase on Indian exports to the US, their roles are now being redefined. Experts suggest that the Gulf’s advanced infrastructure, coupled with an array of free trade agreements, makes it an attractive destination for manufacturing and re-exporting high-end jewellery to global markets, including the US.

The Dubai Gold and Jewellery Group, one of the region’s leading jewellery trade bodies, has welcomed the shift, noting the opportunities it presents for growth. The UAE, in particular, has developed an attractive ecosystem for jewellery manufacturers, offering tax incentives, access to advanced technology, and a well-established logistics network. These benefits make it an appealing alternative for Indian jewellers seeking to bypass the punitive tariffs imposed by the US.

India’s reliance on the US market for jewellery exports, particularly in the high-end sector, has been significant. However, as the tariff burden becomes heavier, companies are exploring alternatives that provide both cost-effectiveness and access to lucrative international markets. Several large manufacturers have already established bases in the UAE, with plans to expand their operations further into the region.

A noteworthy trend is the increasing collaboration between Indian and Gulf-based jewellery firms. These partnerships are focused on expanding manufacturing capabilities while reducing reliance on traditional export routes. The UAE, with its business-friendly policies, is proving to be an ideal locale for jewellery production, particularly for smaller-scale businesses that are unable to absorb the full impact of the US tariffs.

One of the key drivers of this shift is the growing US demand for luxury goods, including jewellery. The tariff hike, while discouraging direct exports from India, has not dampened the appetite for high-quality jewellery. Instead, it has prompted companies to explore alternative routes to meet this demand. Experts point out that the Gulf provides a strategic advantage for such businesses, offering them the flexibility to maintain their competitive edge without the added burden of trade barriers.

The Gulf’s importance in the global jewellery trade has long been overlooked in favour of established centres like India. However, as geopolitical tensions continue to shape trade flows, the region’s position as a central player in the jewellery manufacturing process is becoming more evident. Industry insiders predict that over the next few years, the Gulf’s jewellery manufacturing and export capabilities will only grow stronger, reshaping the global jewellery supply chain.

For Indian jewellery manufacturers, the shift to the Gulf represents a broader strategy to diversify their risk exposure. By establishing a presence in markets that are less susceptible to abrupt policy changes, Indian companies are better positioned to mitigate the impact of volatile geopolitical situations. The expansion of Gulf-based jewellery production also ensures that India maintains a foothold in the lucrative US market, even as tariffs continue to escalate.

President Donald Trump is poised to sign an executive order on Thursday that will significantly reshape the landscape of retirement savings in the United States. The new directive will allow a broader range of alternative assets, such as private equity, real estate, and cryptocurrencies, to be included in 401 retirement accounts. This move marks the most substantial attempt by the administration to open up defined-contribution plans to non-traditional investment options, reflecting a growing desire to diversify retirement portfolios and enhance returns for savers.

The executive order is expected to provide American workers with the opportunity to invest in assets that have been historically out of reach for retirement accounts, which traditionally have focused on stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. The inclusion of private equity, real estate, and digital currencies aims to offer investors access to higher-yielding opportunities that could potentially outperform traditional investments, especially in times of economic uncertainty. By broadening the range of eligible assets, the administration hopes to increase the financial security of millions of retirees.

One of the key motivations behind this move is the desire to address the gap in retirement savings, particularly for individuals who do not have access to pension plans or other employer-sponsored retirement options. With many workers relying heavily on their 401 accounts for their financial future, this expansion could play a pivotal role in enhancing wealth accumulation over time. By enabling exposure to assets with historically higher returns, the plan aims to encourage long-term investing that may outperform the more conservative strategies currently available in these accounts.

The shift comes amid ongoing debates about the future of retirement savings in the United States. While many financial experts have lauded the potential of these alternative assets to boost returns, others have expressed concerns about the risks associated with their inclusion in retirement accounts. Private equity, real estate, and cryptocurrencies are known for their volatility, which could expose 401 investors to greater risk, particularly those with a lower tolerance for market fluctuations. These asset classes are often less liquid than traditional stocks and bonds, which could complicate the ability of retirees to access funds when needed.

Despite these concerns, proponents argue that expanding access to alternative investments could be a game-changer for retirement savers, especially as traditional investment options provide lower returns in the current low-interest-rate environment. Real estate, for instance, can serve as a hedge against inflation, while private equity has the potential to offer higher returns through early-stage investments in high-growth companies. Cryptocurrencies, on the other hand, have gained popularity as an asset class due to their potential for rapid price appreciation, although their volatility remains a significant factor for consideration.

The administration’s decision to open the door to these alternative assets also aligns with broader trends in the financial services industry, which has seen an increasing number of investment firms offering exposure to private equity, real estate, and cryptocurrencies through exchange-traded funds and other vehicles. These developments reflect the growing recognition that investors want more diverse options for retirement planning, particularly as they seek to maximize their returns and ensure they are prepared for the future.

However, the move is not without its challenges. For one, the Department of Labor and the Securities and Exchange Commission will need to ensure that the inclusion of these alternative assets in 401 accounts is properly regulated to protect investors from fraud and market manipulation. There are also concerns about the administrative complexities involved in allowing retirement plans to invest in assets that may require more sophisticated management and oversight. The broader regulatory framework will likely need to evolve to accommodate the new rules, ensuring that both investors and financial institutions are equipped to handle the unique aspects of these asset classes.

The timing of this executive order also comes at a critical moment, as the U. S. government grapples with broader economic challenges, including rising inflation and concerns about the stability of financial markets. By expanding 401 options to include more alternative investments, the Trump administration hopes to provide American workers with the tools to better weather economic fluctuations and build more robust retirement portfolios.

The Indian real estate market is under increasing pressure, with housing sales plummeting by 20% in major metropolitan areas. Data from ANAROCK reveals that only 96,285 homes were sold in Q2 2025, a sharp decline from 120,335 sales recorded in the same period the previous year. The downturn highlights a growing sense of buyer hesitancy, fuelled by external factors like tariffs imposed by the Trump administration, which have disrupted market stability.

A significant driver of the decline is the mounting uncertainty surrounding global trade dynamics, particularly the new 25% tariffs on key imports. These tariffs are expected to have a ripple effect on several sectors, including real estate, with the affordable housing market feeling the brunt. The tariffs impact micro, small, and medium enterprises —a key demographic for the affordable housing segment—further limiting purchasing power in this sector.

The sharp drop in home sales comes amid skyrocketing property prices. According to ANAROCK, the average price of residential properties in the seven largest Indian cities has increased by 39% over the past two years. Prices jumped from INR 6,470 per square foot in Q2 2023 to INR 8,990 per square foot in Q2 2025. The rapid price surge is another contributing factor to the decline in transactions, as many potential homebuyers are now priced out of the market, especially in the affordable housing sector.

Amid this turbulence, the Reserve Bank of India has opted to maintain its current repo rate at 5.5%, a move that has been closely scrutinised by both the real estate and finance sectors. Analysts had speculated that a rate cut could help rejuvenate the housing market by lowering mortgage rates, especially for those looking to buy within the affordable segment. However, the RBI has opted for caution, mindful of the ongoing global trade tensions and the potential ripple effects on the Indian economy.

Despite the market challenges, there is still hope that long-term confidence in the Indian real estate sector may prevent further deterioration. While short-term factors like interest rates and tariffs play a critical role, a segment of buyers continues to prioritise long-term investment in property. Experts suggest that the market may see a resurgence, particularly if developers introduce more flexible payment schemes and attractive offers during the upcoming festive season. These strategies could help ease affordability concerns and stimulate demand, especially in an environment where many buyers are seeking stability rather than short-term savings.

For developers, the key to weathering the current storm lies in balancing price sensitivity with buyer confidence. Offering more affordable housing options, particularly in emerging suburbs and tier-2 cities, may provide a strategic path forward. As large-scale developers attempt to retain buyer interest, creative financing options, including extended payment plans and discounts, could be key in sustaining sales. However, the central government and the RBI’s policy decisions in the coming months will remain critical to shaping the trajectory of the sector.

India’s efforts to strengthen ties with the United States are facing significant hurdles due to key staffing gaps within President Donald Trump’s administration. Diplomatic engagement between the two countries has been hindered as vital foreign policy roles in Washington remain vacant, impacting India’s ability to effectively navigate the US political landscape.

Over the past few months, Indian officials have expressed concerns regarding the lack of permanent appointments in crucial diplomatic positions, including roles at the Department of State and the National Security Council. The vacancies have caused delays in ongoing discussions on key issues such as trade, defence cooperation, and counterterrorism. Despite a shared interest in expanding bilateral relations, the absence of key decision-makers has created a diplomatic impasse, making it increasingly difficult for Indian diplomats to secure face-to-face meetings with senior US officials.

The US has traditionally relied on a network of ambassadors and senior officials to manage foreign policy and maintain smooth relations with global partners. However, under the Trump administration, numerous diplomatic posts remain unfilled, including positions critical to managing India-US relations. These gaps have left many key policy decisions in limbo, complicating efforts to address pressing global challenges, including the Indo-Pacific security framework and trade negotiations.

India, in particular, has been affected by this lack of political continuity. For instance, while the US has reaffirmed its commitment to strengthening defence and economic ties with India, the absence of a US ambassador to India and a permanent Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asia has made it difficult to reach concrete agreements. Without these senior officials in place, policy coordination becomes more fragmented, forcing Indian officials to engage with temporary appointees who lack the authority to make significant policy changes.

Indian diplomats have found it especially challenging to build rapport with the Trump administration, which has demonstrated a preference for unconventional approaches to diplomacy. The absence of a steady stream of high-level communication has left gaps in the continuity of US policy towards India, further complicating efforts to resolve existing tensions, such as trade disputes and visa restrictions.

While India has attempted to address these challenges through alternative channels, such as the strategic dialogue and consultations with lower-ranking officials, these engagements have failed to produce the desired outcomes. For example, discussions aimed at resolving trade imbalances and the reduction of tariffs have stalled, with both sides unable to reach an agreement due to a lack of dedicated leadership on either side.

The Indian government, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has worked to bolster its position in the global order by forging closer ties with the US. However, without the necessary diplomatic infrastructure in place, India has been forced to wait for the completion of staffing appointments in the Trump administration before advancing critical bilateral agendas. While there has been progress in areas such as defence cooperation, the lack of substantive discussions on trade and technology has caused frustration in New Delhi.

At the heart of this diplomatic challenge is the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the US administration’s foreign policy direction. As key positions remain vacant, the White House’s ability to provide a cohesive strategy on international affairs has been compromised, particularly in its dealings with major global powers like India. This vacuum has also complicated the Trump administration’s broader efforts to pivot its foreign policy towards the Indo-Pacific region, an area of strategic interest to both the US and India.

India’s strategic priorities have been clear: maintaining a robust relationship with the US while balancing its growing ties with China and Russia. As India seeks to navigate these complex geopolitical waters, the Trump administration’s staffing issues continue to be a major stumbling block. The lack of clear leadership in critical areas of US foreign policy has left many in India questioning the future trajectory of their relationship with Washington.

The growing importance of economic and technological collaboration between the two countries has intensified the urgency for resolution. As the US and India aim to establish a more comprehensive partnership, delays in staffing appointments are causing significant setbacks in addressing mutual concerns in areas such as cybersecurity, trade, and investment.

US President Donald Trump has announced plans to significantly raise tariffs on exports from India, citing the country’s oil purchases from Russia as the primary reason for the move. The statement marks an escalation in tensions between the two countries, with both sides having clashed over trade policies and geopolitical issues in recent years.

Trump’s remarks, made on social media, have ignited a strong response from New Delhi, which views the threat as unjustified and damaging to its economic interests. The US President criticized India’s ongoing imports of Russian crude oil, calling the move a betrayal, as the West intensifies efforts to isolate Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine. He pointed out that India’s purchases were then being resold on the international market for profits, further compounding the situation.

The US government has consistently condemned the sale of Russian oil to countries that are still buying from Moscow amid global sanctions designed to cripple the Russian economy. These sanctions, which were imposed by the US and its allies in response to Russia’s aggressive actions in Ukraine, have led to a complex diplomatic web, with several nations, including India, caught in the middle.

While the US and European Union have significantly reduced their oil imports from Russia, countries like India and China have stepped in to fill the gap, buying discounted crude oil from Moscow. India, in particular, has ramped up its purchases of Russian energy, a decision that is seen by many as a strategic move to secure energy resources at lower costs. These purchases have helped India maintain its economic growth amidst the energy price crisis exacerbated by the war in Ukraine.

The announcement by Trump that tariffs on Indian goods would be substantially raised could have serious repercussions for trade between the two nations. India is one of the United States’ largest trading partners, and any significant tariffs would undoubtedly affect a range of industries, from agriculture to technology. In 2022, the bilateral trade between the two countries surpassed $150 billion, with India exporting a wide array of goods to the US, including textiles, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.

The Indian government, however, has rejected Trump’s claims, arguing that its oil purchases from Russia are in line with its energy security needs and do not violate any international laws. New Delhi has maintained a neutral stance on the war in Ukraine, calling for dialogue and diplomacy to resolve the crisis rather than escalating sanctions and pressure on Russia.

India’s position reflects a broader strategy of balancing its foreign relations with both the West and Russia. While it maintains strong ties with the US and Europe, it also values its long-standing relationship with Russia, particularly in defense and energy sectors. Over the years, Russia has been a reliable supplier of defense equipment to India, a factor that continues to shape India’s foreign policy decisions.

The economic impact of higher tariffs could have a ripple effect on both countries’ economies. India could face higher costs for its exports to the US, which might lead to inflationary pressures within certain sectors. For the US, such tariffs could result in higher prices for American consumers on imported goods, potentially exacerbating inflation at a time when the country is already grappling with economic challenges.

The political fallout from Trump’s threat to raise tariffs could further complicate efforts to resolve trade disputes between the US and India. Both nations have been working on strengthening their strategic and economic ties, but issues like tariffs and energy trade could undermine this progress. Negotiations over trade deals, such as the proposed free trade agreement, may now face significant hurdles as both sides dig in their heels.

The decision to increase tariffs on India could also have wider implications for the global economy. It might set a precedent for other nations to retaliate against countries purchasing Russian oil, particularly those in the Global South who have not been willing to fully sever their economic ties with Moscow. This could potentially fragment the global energy market even further, making it harder for countries to secure stable and affordable energy supplies.

This development highlights the growing division between the US-led West and countries that have opted to remain neutral or continue engaging with Russia. As the war in Ukraine shows no sign of abating, the economic and diplomatic repercussions of these decisions are likely to continue shaping global relations for the foreseeable future.