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First Half

GCC countries secured $3.4 bn from 24 initial public offerings in the first half of 2025, down 6% from $3.6 bn over 23 listings a year earlier, according to a report by Kuwaiti research firm Markaz. Saudi Arabia drove the surge, contributing $2.8 bn through 22 IPOs—an increase of 36% year‑on‑year—while the UAE and Oman saw more subdued performances.

Oil‑price volatility, US tariff threats and global trade uncertainty weighed on market sentiment, but issuance volumes rose. The number of offerings edged higher to 24 from 23 in H1 2024, illustrating issuer appetite amid wider economic headwinds.

Saudi listings captured 85% of the total proceeds, reinforcing its dominance in the regional IPO pipeline. The Kingdom raised $2.8 bn, up from $2.1 bn in the first half of 2024, with 22 issuances compared to 19 a year ago.

The UAE saw a substantial 88% drop in IPO proceeds, with just one public offering—Alpha Data—raising $163 m in Abu Dhabi. Oman followed with the debut of Asyad Shipping Company, generating $333 m on the Muscat bourse. No IPOs were recorded in Kuwait, Qatar or Bahrain during this period.

Sector analysis reveals the industrials segment led with $1.4 bn in proceeds, bolstered by Flynas and Asyad Shipping Company. Real estate followed with demand for development and construction offerings, while healthcare IPOs collected $505 m. Financial services and technology contributed $408 m and $204 m respectively.

Performance after listing was mixed. Ten of the 24 companies saw positive returns by the end of June. Asyad Shipping led the pack, with its stock surging 835% since its March 12 listing. Umm Al Qura in Saudi Arabia recorded a 51% gain. On the downside, Hedab Alkhaleej, Dkhoun National Trading and Service Equipment fell by 30%, 27% and 26% respectively. Flynas edged slightly lower by 0.2%, despite an initial dip.

Wider equity market performance across the region showed divergence. Kuwait’s bourse rose 18.1% year‑to‑date, followed by Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Qatar, while Oman, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia retreated by 1.7%, 2.1% and 7.6% respectively.

Geopolitical shocks—including renewed US tariff threats and oil price fluctuations— exerted pressure on national indices. On Monday, Saudi Arabia’s Tadawul shed 0.2%, while Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Qatar all fell in the range of 0.3–0.5%. Investors are watching US inflation signals and Fed decisions closely, given the peg of Gulf currencies to the dollar.

Despite softer proceeds overall, the strong issuance tally suggests issuers seized a narrow window before heightened uncertainty. A PwC analysis of Q1 showed GCC IPOs rose 33%, raising $1.6 bn from 11 deals, with Saudi Arabia capturing nearly 70% of that total.

Looking ahead, Saudi Arabia is expected to maintain momentum, driven by privatisation efforts and a diverse pipeline of government-linked listings led by the Public Investment Fund. The UAE is projected to ramp up activity in industrials and tech, while Kuwait is implementing regulatory reforms to stimulate listings.

Market analysts caution that global headwinds remain. PwC flagged how tariff announcements and macroeconomic instability continue to disrupt IPO sentiment globally. Within the GCC, sustained oil-price volatility and tightening monetary conditions add complexity.

Nevertheless, Gulf capital markets have demonstrated resilience. Encouraged by diversified sector participation and healthy post-listing gains, policymakers and market participants appear poised to capitalise on remaining windows of stability.

Abu Dhabi’s Mubadala Investment Company, Partners Group, GIC and TPG Rise Climate have agreed a €6.7 billion deal to acquire Techem, the Frankfurt-based energy‑efficiency firm, in a strategic move poised to reinforce digital-first submetering and sustainability in European real estate.

The transaction—set to conclude in the second half of 2025, pending regulatory approvals—will see Partners Group’s infrastructure arm retain a controlling stake, while Mubadala, GIC and TPG Rise Climate take minority positions alongside, marking a rotation in ownership strategy. The sale ends the tenure of the prior consortium including La Caisse and Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan, which supported Techem since 2018.

Techem, founded in 1952 and based in Eschborn, operates in 18 countries and serves more than 440,000 customers with over 13 million dwellings under its care. Approximately 62 million devices are currently installed across its footprint.

Under Partners Group’s 2018 private equity-led acquisition, Techem grew its sales beyond €1 billion and increased EBITDA by nearly 50%. This expansion solidified its role as a leading provider of submetering services—a crucial component in the decarbonisation of real estate, a sector responsible for around 40% of global CO₂ emissions.

The new ownership strategy aims to deepen digital integration, expand offerings to include smart meters, and capitalise on evolving regulations, rising energy prices and corporate net-zero commitments. “Techem is at the forefront of energy services and is uniquely positioned to drive energy efficiency within the real estate sector,” noted Boon Chin Hau, CIO of GIC Infrastructure, underscoring the group’s confidence in Techem’s strategic outlook.

Abdulla Mohamed Shadid, Head of Energy and Sustainability at Mubadala’s private equity platform, emphasised the importance of helping find solutions to global challenges, reflecting the company’s ongoing shift toward purpose-driven capital deployment. Implementation will include further digitalisation of operations and service expansions tailored to improve building efficiency.

This deal, valued at €6.7 billion, ranks among the year’s largest private‑market transactions globally.

Techem’s technology deploys submetering for heating and water, enabling accurate billing and encouraging lower consumption. Their low‑investment, non‑invasive approach aligns well with landlords and property owners seeking cost-effective energy solutions. Trends in European regulation and growing pressure on emissions reduction give the firm a favourable market tailwind—a factor the new consortium appears ready to exploit.

Despite an earlier attempt by TPG to buy out Techem independently in October 2024, that bid fell through after EU antitrust scrutiny. The current agreement reflects a more collaborative structure that shares risk and maintains continuity under infrastructure stewardship.

Commenting on continuity, Techem’s CEO Matthias Hartmann stated that the company’s strategic direction would remain unchanged, emphasising a steady course under the incoming partners.

The transaction parallels broader investment patterns in smart‑energy firms. Over the past year, GIC has partnered with investors such as EQT to acquire UK smart‑meter provider Calisen—a sign of growing interest in climate‑aligned infrastructure.

With assets under management spanning global private markets, Partners Group leads the infrastructure side with over US$27 billion, while Mubadala and GIC bring sovereign-backed financial clout, and TPG Rise Climate adds dedicated impact‑investment expertise; together they form a powerful alliance geared towards scaling energy efficiency across European real estate.

Iran has achieved its highest energy output in nearly half a century, as crude production and exports continue expanding despite escalating tensions and Western sanctions. In 2024, total oil output—including crude and gas liquids—reached approximately 5.1 million barrels per day, marking levels unseen since before 1978. Indicators from the first half of 2025 signal further growth, reinforcing Tehran’s stance that its energy sector remains resilient even under pressure.

China remains the principal destination for Iranian crude. According to Vortexa and Kpler data, Beijing imported an average of 1.4 million bpd of Iranian crude and condensate during the first half of 2025. In June alone, Chinese imports surged to a record 1.8 million bpd, exploiting floating storage reserves accumulated previously.

Despite U. S. legal restrictions, these volumes endure through intricate shipping methods and discounts. As of June, Iranian crude was being sold to China at discounts of $3.30–$3.50 per barrel below Brent—the widest spread since 2023—partly triggered by weak demand from independent Chinese “teapot” refineries and additional U. S. sanctions on mid-tier processing firms in Shandong province. Refineries such as these have cut utilisation rates to around 51 per cent, down from 64 per cent last year.

Iran’s export capacity has been safeguarded by infrastructural alternatives designed to bypass the Strait of Hormuz. The Goreh‑Jask pipeline and Jask terminal—capable of exporting around 300,000 bpd—offer strategic flexibility, although actual utilisation fell to under 70,000 bpd in late 2024. Elsewhere, Saudi Arabia and the UAE have also enhanced their own bypass routes through the Strait to mitigate risk.

Nonetheless, current events pose fresh challenges. Israeli strikes in June damaged parts of oil infrastructure near Tehran and affected the South Pars gas field—responsible for up to 700,000 bpd of condensate. Exports from key terminals such as Kharg Island briefly dropped below 120,000 bpd from a weekly average of 1.7 million bpd. However, Iran manages significant stockpiles—approximately 27.5 million barrels afloat—that can sustain exports for weeks.

Domestic dynamics complicate this energy story further. Iran’s gasoline consumption has outpaced refining capacity by nearly 15–20 per cent since late 2024, triggering reliance on reserves and imports to fill shortfalls. Peak summer demand reached unprecedented levels, surpassing 143 million litres in a single day. Panic-buying followed some military strikes, exposing strains in planning and supply.

Iran’s global energy standing aligns with broader market projections. The International Energy Agency forecasts that global oil supply will exceed demand in 2025 by around 1.8 million bpd, a backdrop that may soften impacts from Iranian output. At the same time, discussions in Washington about lifting U. S. sanctions have raised concerns in Beijing, particularly for its fragmented independent refining sector. Analysts warn that a sudden lifting of sanctions could flood global markets—with an additional 500,000 bpd of Iranian oil—and undercut smaller Chinese players by crushing their margins.

Iran’s energy strategy shows calculated resilience. While nuclear tensions invite military risks, the oil ministry appears intent on diversifying markets, expanding infrastructure, and leveraging geopolitical leverage. Iran Daily reported that production comprised 4.3 million bpd of crude plus around 0.7 million bpd of other liquids in 2024. Analysts advocate that increased domestic use, ageing facilities, and investment gaps could temper the pace of future gains unless Tehran secures long-term funding and technical partnerships.

Observers note the inherent paradox: Iran continues ramping production even as global energy security faces renewed uncertainty. Control over chokepoints such as the Strait of Hormuz remains central. Although no full closure has occurred—the Iranian parliament proposed closure in late June pending council approval—the symbolic threat alone underlines Tehran’s strategic positioning. Global markets, buoyed by inventories and diversified routes, have so far absorbed the shock. Yet any escalation could rapidly unsettle thresholds.

Alibaba Cloud has unveiled its third data centre in Malaysia and confirmed plans for a second facility in the Philippines, deepening its infrastructure presence in Southeast Asia. The Malaysian centre became operational on 1 July 2025, while the Philippine hub is scheduled to launch by October 2025. These moves are part of Alibaba’s broader efforts to bolster cloud and AI services across the region.

Growth in cloud demand and the strategic importance of Southeast Asia underpin this expansion. Alibaba Group’s cloud division has embarked on a $52 billion investment over the next three years to build a unified global cloud network, spanning Asia, the Middle East, Europe and the Americas. Southeast Asia has emerged as a pivotal battleground as enterprises accelerate AI adoption and seek resilient digital infrastructure.

At a summit in Singapore marking Alibaba Cloud’s tenth anniversary in the city-state, Eddie Wu, CEO of Alibaba Cloud, highlighted the company’s strategy: “Globalisation is Alibaba Cloud’s long‑term strategy,” he said, adding that the company would “accelerate the development of its global cloud computing network”. These statements reinforce Alibaba’s ambition to deliver end‑to‑end cloud services, spanning compute, storage, networking and AI capabilities.

This announcement follows earlier infrastructure roll‑outs across Asia. The company deployed a second data centre in South Korea in June 2025 and launched new regions in Thailand and Mexico in the first half of the year. Strategic market withdrawals from Australia and India in 2024 appear to be counterbalanced by intensified investment in high‑potential markets.

Southeast Asia’s accelerating digital transformation is creating rising demand for secure, scalable cloud services. Malaysia, with its growing ecosystem of startups and tech‑savvy enterprises, will now benefit from three Alibaba Cloud zones, an improvement in redundancy and local connectivity. The Philippine expansion addresses growing demand in Manila and surrounding urban centres, where cloud adoption is being propelled by fintech, e‑commerce, and the BPO sector.

At the Singapore summit, Alibaba also launched its AI Global Competency Centre, designed to support over 5,000 businesses and 100,000 developers. The centre offers access to advanced AI models, labs and infrastructure support. These investments aim to accelerate enterprise AI adoption by providing both tools and training through partnerships with more than 120 universities, aiming to train 100,000 AI professionals annually.

In addition to infrastructure, Alibaba Cloud is upgrading its cloud offerings. The ninth‑generation intel‑based Enterprise Elastic Compute Service will roll out across Malaysia, the Philippines, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, UAE, Germany and the UK from July. Enhancements to its Data Transmission Service and Platform for AI demonstrate a push to simplify deployment of large language models and accelerate inference capabilities.

Competitive pressure in Southeast Asia is intensifying, with other hyperscalers—AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud—announcing new regions and services. Alibaba’s bets on localised data centres, AI‑centric products and talent development programmes are its response to positioning itself as a regionally integrated cloud‑AI partner.

Regulatory headwinds and trade tensions, particularly restrictions on Chinese cloud firms, lend further urgency to Alibaba’s diversification strategy. By embedding infrastructure in Southeast Asia, the company aims to mitigate geopolitical risk, offer compliant local services and deliver low‑latency performance.

Corporate results reflect this momentum: Alibaba Cloud has reported double‑digit year‑on‑year growth in AI‑related product revenues for six consecutive quarters, with Q4 cloud revenue hitting CNY 31.7 billion and quarterly growth of 13%. These figures position the unit as the fastest‑growing segment within the broader Alibaba Group.

Tech analysts and regional partners have praised the expansion as timely. “These deployments will significantly improve resilience, latency and service coverage across key markets,” remarked a Southeast Asia‑based CIO. A telco executive added that local data centres are crucial to scaling AI‑powered services like real‑time analytics, IoT and smart city infrastructure.

Channel partners in Malaysia and the Philippines, including telcos and systems integrators, anticipate accelerated digital transformations. Industry groups reported a surge in enquiries following the Malaysian centre’s opening, particularly from manufacturing and education sectors. Cloud‑native startups welcomed the news, viewing the increased compute availability as essential to scaling AI‑driven products.

Optimising energy use and sustainability is also part of the plan. Alibaba’s “Energy Expert” ESG‑focused reporting tool integrates AI into energy management. This aligns with industry benchmarks that 84% of leaders see green AI as important, although 69% are still at early adoption stages. Emerging green data centre practices—including renewable power sourcing and efficient cooling—are expected to feature prominently in the Southeast Asian roll‑outs.

The Malaysian data centre opens amid strong macro trends: Malaysia’s digital economy was projected to grow at over 10% annually through the next five years, while Philippine cloud adoption is forecast to grow at a similar rate, driven by government digitalisation policies and enterprise cloudisation. As Alibaba deploys this enhanced infrastructure, both nations are expected to see AI‑centred cloud services gain momentum in verticals ranging from finance to manufacturing.

The Open Platform, the team behind the Telegram Wallet on TON, has secured $28.5 million in a Series A round led by Ribbit Capital, propelling the company to a $1 billion valuation. The fundraising, achieved through the sale of 5% equity in traditional currency terms, positions TOP to expand its operations into the U. S. and European markets and to roll out blockchain-based games and AI-driven applications.

TOP serves as the core developer for Telegram’s official blockchain, The Open Network, and is responsible for creating and maintaining the Telegram Wallet, which facilitates peer-to-peer transfers within chats. The company will channel its new funds into market expansion and product development, aligning with its long-held strategy of leveraging Telegram’s user base—now over a billion monthly active users—to advance the blockchain ecosystem.

Ribbit Capital led the round, acquiring approximately 4–5% of TOP’s equity. Other notable participants included Pantera Capital, reinforcing investor confidence in TON’s growth potential. The funding arrived without any sale of cryptocurrency tokens, emphasising that the stake was purely equity-based.

Since Telegram integrated TON in 2022, the ecosystem has witnessed rapid uptake. Metrics show active TON accounts rising from roughly 4 million to over 41 million, with more than 121 million unique Toncoin holders. Daily on-chain transactions surged from approximately 100,000 to 1.2 million, while total value locked has exceeded US $350 million. These figures underscore user engagement and the ecosystem’s expanding financial activity.

TOP’s forthcoming initiatives include incubating blockchain-native games—both multiplayer and mini-app formats—that operate entirely on the TON chain. They will use Telegram’s Mini‑App infrastructure, which is already adopted by over half a billion users. One such example is the viral “Hamster Kombat” game, which has drawn over 300 million players and helped introduce mainstream audiences to blockchain functionality.

AI-driven applications are another priority. TOP is developing tools and platforms that integrate machine learning models directly into TON-based environments, enabling chat-integrated utilities—such as fraud detection, financial analytics, and smart assistants—without departing the Telegram interface.

Regulatory headwinds in the U. S. and Europe will present challenges. The SEC previously halted Telegram’s launch of its native token, Gram, in 2020, leading to a refund and legal settlement. Now guided by Maximilian Crown—TON Foundation’s newly appointed CEO with regulatory and compliance experience—TOP aims to navigate these complex legal environments. Crown’s background at MoonPay, where he oversaw U. S. and European licensing, equips the project with added expertise as it seeks entry into compliant markets.

Support from both traditional and crypto-focused investors reflects strong market confidence. Alongside Ribbit and Pantera, unicorn‐backed VCs such as Sequoia, Benchmark, and Kingsway have previously invested over $400 million in Toncoin, affirming institutional belief in TON’s role as Telegram’s blockchain layer.

TOP’s strategy reflects a broader shift within Web3—pursuing real-world use cases embedded into existing digital platforms. Using Telegram’s 1 billion+ user base, BOTs, wallets, mini-apps, and secure messaging infrastructure, TOP aims to drive mass crypto adoption while sidestepping consumer-level friction.

Analysts note that TOP’s equity‑only raise is distinctive; contrast it with token sales that often involve community risk. By focusing on equity, TOP offers investors upside across its product stack—including wallets, DeFi tools, games, and AI utilities—without diluting with token allocation.

Upcoming milestones include launching its U. S. and European operations before year‑end, unveiling its first wave of blockchain‑native games, and beta‑testing AI‑enhanced wallets and utility apps. With a valuation of $1 billion and deepening partnerships, TOP is well positioned to define Telegram’s blockchain strategy beyond financial services into entertainment and artificial intelligence.