News related to
across

Chinese authorities have initiated a review of CK Hutchison Holdings Ltd.’s agreement to divest its port assets near the Panama Canal to a consortium led by BlackRock Inc., expressing dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong-based conglomerate’s decision.

The deal, valued at approximately $22.8 billion, encompasses the sale of 43 ports across 23 countries, notably including the Balboa and Cristobal terminals situated at either end of the Panama Canal. CK Hutchison asserts that the transaction is purely commercial and does not involve its port operations in Hong Kong or mainland China.

Beijing’s reaction has been notably severe. The Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, representing China’s central government, has publicly criticized the sale, describing it as a “betrayal of all Chinese people.” State-affiliated media have echoed this sentiment, labeling the move as “spineless” and accusing CK Hutchison of yielding to foreign pressure.

This development occurs amid heightened geopolitical tensions between China and the United States. U.S. President Donald Trump has lauded the acquisition, interpreting it as a strategic move to reclaim American influence over the Panama Canal, a vital maritime passage constructed by the U.S. in the early 20th century and transferred to Panamanian control in 1999.

In response to the sale, Chinese officials are contemplating the application of anti-monopoly laws to scrutinize the transaction further. Legal experts suggest that while Beijing’s jurisdiction over CK Hutchison’s overseas operations is limited, potential leverage could be exerted through the conglomerate’s substantial investments within China.

Hong Kong’s Chief Executive, John Lee, has also weighed in, denouncing coercive tactics by foreign governments without directly naming the United States or addressing the specifics of the port deal. He emphasized the importance of fair international trade practices and the need to resist external pressures.

Steady Final Dividend of HK$0.02 Per Share Dividend Payout Ratio was Approximately 35% (RMB’ million) For the year ended 31 December 2024 2023 Change (%) Revenue 322.3 262.6 +23% Operating profit 96.6 67.6 +43% Profit attributable to shareholders 106.6 62.4 +71% Basic earnings per share (RMB) 0.054 0.034 +59% Final dividend per share (HKD) 0.02 0.01 +100% HONG KONG SAR – Media OutReach Newswire – 26 March […]

Chinese artificial intelligence firm DeepSeek has unveiled its latest large language model, DeepSeek-V3-0324, on the AI development platform Hugging Face. This release signifies a notable advancement in AI performance, particularly in reasoning and coding abilities. The DeepSeek-V3-0324 model demonstrates significant improvements over its predecessor, DeepSeek-V3, across various benchmarks. In the MMLU-Pro assessment, which evaluates understanding across multiple subjects, the model’s score increased from 75.9 to 81.2. Similarly, […]

The sculptures are now available for public viewing at various locations across K11 MUSEA and add a bold, interactive dimension to Hong Kong’s city-wide celebration of the arts From 26 March to 13 May 2025 at GF, Promenade, K11 MUSEA HONG KONG SAR – Media OutReach Newswire – 26 March 2025 – British artist Philip Colbert‘s newest work, THE LOBSTER PAINTER, and five signature lobster sculptures transform […]

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is set to host the Nano Electronics Roadshow and Conference on Semiconductor Ecosystem in India on March 27, 2025, at the National Science Seminar Complex, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru. This initiative aims to unite key stakeholders from government, industry, academia, strategic sectors, startups, and the venture capital ecosystem to foster innovation and collaboration within the semiconductor domain.

Organized by MeitY’s Nanotechnology Initiatives Division in collaboration with premier institutions including IISc Bengaluru, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, IIT Delhi, IIT Kharagpur, and IIT Guwahati, the event underscores the government’s commitment to advancing the semiconductor industry. Shri S. Krishnan, Secretary of MeitY, will lead the conference, highlighting the pivotal role of nanoelectronics in shaping the future of technology.

The conference will serve as a platform to showcase cutting-edge innovations in nanoelectronics, featuring pioneering research and ambitious startups poised to become significant players in the industry. Attendees can anticipate in-depth discussions on breakthroughs in quantum technology, neuromorphic computing, artificial intelligence, information technology, and indigenous advancements in nanoelectronics.

India’s semiconductor market is on a trajectory of significant growth. According to the India Electronics and Semiconductor Association , the market is projected to expand from $52 billion in 2024 to $103.4 billion by 2030. This growth is driven by increasing demand across various sectors, including consumer electronics, automotive, and telecommunications. The government’s proactive initiatives, such as the $10 billion incentive package to attract semiconductor investments, further bolster this upward trend.

In alignment with these efforts, several semiconductor manufacturing units have been approved, with construction expected to commence within the next 100 days. These developments are poised to enhance India’s manufacturing capabilities and reduce dependency on imports.

Artificial intelligence initiatives are increasingly central to corporate strategies, yet a significant proportion falter before reaching fruition. Estimates indicate that over 80% of AI projects fail—twice the failure rate of other IT projects. A primary factor in these failures is inadequate data management, encompassing issues such as poor data quality, fragmented data sources, and insufficient governance. Organizations often grapple with integrating data from diverse sources, a challenge […]

Netflix has expanded its high dynamic range offerings by integrating HDR10+ support into its streaming platform. This advancement aims to deliver improved picture quality, featuring enhanced clarity and more vibrant colours for viewers with compatible devices. Previously, Netflix’s HDR content was predominantly available in Dolby Vision, a format not supported by Samsung televisions. This limitation meant that Samsung users were restricted to the standard HDR10 format, which […]

Advertisements

Bangkok’s Gaggan claims the title of The Best Restaurant in Asia, sponsored by S.Pellegrino & Acqua Panna Bangkok and Tokyo lead the rankings with nine entries each Chef Tam’s Seasons (No.9) in Macau soars 40 spots to secure the Highest Climber Award 2025, sponsored by Lee Kum Kee Seoul’s Eatanic Garden (No.25) wins the Highest New Entry Award 2025, sponsored by Lavazza Dej Kewkacha from Gaggan at […]

MANILA, PHILIPPINES – Media OutReach Newswire – 25 March 2025 – VinFast and MGA.414 Corporation (which operates the JIGA auto service chain) have officially signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to expand the network of service centers for VinFast electric vehicles (EVs) in the Philippines, aiming to establish over 100 service workshops across the country by the end of this year. VinFast aims to establish over 100 […]

BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager, has launched its inaugural Bitcoin exchange-traded product in Europe, marking a significant expansion into the continent’s cryptocurrency investment landscape. The iShares Bitcoin ETP is now trading on Xetra and Euronext Paris under the ticker IB1T, and on Euronext Amsterdam as BTCN.

This strategic move follows the firm’s notable success in the United States, where its iShares Bitcoin Trust has amassed over $50 billion in net assets since its debut in January 2024. The European launch underscores BlackRock’s commitment to meeting the growing demand for cryptocurrency exposure among both institutional and retail investors across diverse markets.

To encourage adoption, BlackRock is offering a temporary fee waiver of 10 basis points, effectively reducing the expense ratio to 0.15% until the end of the year. This competitive pricing positions the iShares Bitcoin ETP as one of the most cost-effective options for European investors seeking direct exposure to Bitcoin’s price movements.

Manuela Sperandeo, BlackRock’s Head of iShares Product for Europe and the Middle East, highlighted the significance of this development, stating that the launch represents a “tipping point” for the industry as institutional and retail demand for crypto investment products continues to rise.

The European cryptocurrency ETP market, while smaller than its U.S. counterpart, has been steadily growing. Over 160 crypto ETPs are currently trading on European exchanges, collectively commanding over $13 billion in net assets. BlackRock’s entry is poised to significantly influence this market, potentially enhancing liquidity and attracting a broader investor base.

Coinbase, a leading cryptocurrency exchange, will serve as the custodian for the physical Bitcoin backing the ETP, ensuring institutional-grade security for investors. Bank of New York Mellon has been appointed as the administrator, further underscoring the product’s robust operational framework.

The introduction of the iShares Bitcoin ETP aligns with BlackRock’s broader strategy to expand its $1 trillion European market share and increase its customer base from 9 million to 19 million over the next three years. This initiative also reflects the firm’s responsiveness to evolving investor interests and its commitment to providing diverse investment solutions.

The Real Estate Regulatory Agency , operating under the Dubai Land Department , has unveiled the ‘Tayseer’ initiative, offering property owners flexible payment plans to settle overdue service fees. This programme allows owners to coordinate with jointly owned property management companies to structure payments over a minimum period of six months, aiming to alleviate financial pressures and enhance stability within Dubai’s real estate sector.

The initiative aligns with the ‘Year of the Community,’ declared by the UAE leadership under the theme “Together, hand in hand,” emphasizing the strengthening of community bonds and promoting cooperation. By providing structured repayment options, ‘Tayseer’ seeks to foster social and economic stability, contributing to a more sustainable real estate environment.

The launch follows discussions between RERA and JOP management firms, resulting in 19 companies joining the initiative. Registration is open for two months, during which participating firms have committed not to initiate enforcement actions against property owners adhering to the agreed payment plans. This collaborative approach underscores the real estate sector’s dedication to supporting property owners and enhancing financial sustainability within jointly owned communities.

Mohammed Ali Al Badwawi, Acting CEO of RERA, emphasized the initiative’s role in enhancing market trust and stability, stating that ‘Tayseer’ reflects DLD’s ongoing commitment to delivering proactive, customer-centric services that balance economic and social priorities. He highlighted that the programme is designed to reduce disputes, streamline payment processes, and improve the overall experience for property owners and stakeholders.

Through ‘Tayseer,’ the Dubai Land Department aims to achieve several strategic objectives, including reducing the number of service fee-related cases registered with the Rental Disputes Center, minimizing complaints, and enhancing the efficiency of service fee allocation across real estate projects. The initiative also seeks to improve the experience of property owners by providing seamless payment services, thereby boosting satisfaction and supporting the long-term sustainability of the real estate sector.

The programme is part of the Dubai Real Estate Sector Strategy 2033, which seeks to establish flexible and sustainable service fee payment plans for property owners. These plans are designed to achieve owners’ economic and investment goals while ensuring timely payments in line with agreed schedules. Additionally, the initiative fosters collaboration among relevant stakeholders to enhance the quality of life for owners in jointly owned property projects. It also focuses on early identification, analysis, and resolution of future challenges through proactive planning to encourage payment of service charges before disputes escalate to legal action.

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority , through a wholly owned subsidiary, has agreed to acquire a significant minority stake in European Camping Group , a leading provider of outdoor accommodation in Europe. PAI Partners, the France-based private equity firm, will retain its majority shareholding in ECG following the completion of this transaction, which is subject to customary regulatory approvals.

Established as a prominent entity in the outdoor hospitality sector, ECG operates an extensive portfolio of 4- and 5-star campsites across prime tourist destinations in Europe. The group has been instrumental in elevating the camping experience by offering high-end facilities and services, catering to a diverse clientele seeking quality outdoor lodging options.

PAI Partners initially invested in ECG in 2021 and has since played a pivotal role in the company’s expansion and enhancement initiatives. In 2023, PAI Partners reinforced its commitment to ECG by facilitating the acquisition of Vacanceselect, a move that solidified ECG’s position as a pan-European platform in the outdoor accommodation sector. This strategic acquisition expanded ECG’s footprint and diversified its service offerings, aligning with the evolving preferences of modern travelers.

The entry of ADIA as a significant minority stakeholder is poised to further bolster ECG’s growth trajectory. ADIA’s investment is expected to provide additional capital and strategic support, enabling ECG to explore new opportunities and strengthen its market presence. This collaboration underscores the attractiveness of the outdoor hospitality industry to global investors, reflecting confidence in its resilience and potential for sustained growth.

The outdoor accommodation sector has witnessed a surge in demand, driven by travelers’ increasing inclination towards nature-centric and socially distanced vacation options. ECG’s commitment to offering premium camping experiences has positioned it well to capitalize on these trends, making it an appealing prospect for investors like ADIA.

While the financial specifics of the transaction have not been publicly disclosed, the partnership between ADIA and PAI Partners signifies a strategic alignment aimed at leveraging ECG’s established market position and operational expertise. The infusion of resources and insights from ADIA is anticipated to accelerate ECG’s initiatives in enhancing guest experiences, expanding its campsite network, and integrating innovative technologies to meet the evolving demands of the hospitality industry.

A magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurred off the coast of New Zealand’s South Island on Tuesday afternoon, prompting authorities to assess potential tsunami risks. The tremor was recorded at 2:43 p.m. local time, with its epicenter approximately 160 kilometers northwest of the Snares Islands at a depth of 33 kilometers. The National Emergency Management Agency advised residents in the Southland and Fiordland regions to avoid coastal and marine […]

PHNOM PENH, CAMBODIA – Media OutReach Newswire – 25 March 2025 – Prince Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Prince Holding Group, celebrated the selection of 100 Cambodian students for Batch 4 of the Chen Zhi Scholarship at a ceremony held at Prince Holding Group Headquarters. His Excellency Dr. Hang Chuon Naron, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education, Youth and Sport, attended as guest of honor alongside […]

Linux Kernel 6.14 has been officially released, bringing notable performance improvements and expanded hardware support for AMD, Intel, and RISC-V architectures. This update introduces several key enhancements aimed at optimizing system efficiency and broadening compatibility with emerging technologies. A significant addition in this release is the introduction of the AMDXDNA driver, which supports AMD’s Neural Processing Units . These NPUs, integrated into AMD client CPUs, are designed […]

Airlines across the globe are tightening regulations concerning the use and carriage of power banks on flights, following a series of incidents involving lithium-ion batteries. These measures aim to enhance passenger safety by mitigating the risks associated with battery malfunctions.

In January, an Air Busan aircraft in South Korea was engulfed in flames while preparing for departure. Investigations suggest that a power bank was the likely cause of the fire. In response, Air Busan revised its policies, now requiring passengers to carry power banks on their person rather than storing them in overhead compartments. By March 1, South Korean authorities mandated all national airlines to enforce stricter regulations, including prohibiting the charging of devices onboard.

Singapore Airlines and its budget subsidiary, Scoot, announced that from April 1, passengers would be prohibited from charging portable power banks via onboard USB ports or using them to charge personal devices during flights. The airline emphasized that safety remains its top priority and that in-flight procedures are regularly reviewed to ensure passenger well-being.

Kazakhstan’s Air Astana implemented similar measures on March 13, banning the charging or use of power banks during flights. The airline specified that lithium batteries, external batteries, and e-cigarettes must be kept in hand luggage and placed in the overhead bins.

Taiwanese carriers EVA Air and China Airlines introduced prohibitions starting March 1, disallowing the charging and use of power banks and spare lithium batteries during flights. Both airlines advised passengers to utilize the USB power outlets available at most seats for charging other devices.

Thai Airways followed suit on March 15, banning the use and charging of power banks and portable batteries during flights. The airline’s decision aligns with a broader industry trend aimed at reducing in-flight fire hazards associated with lithium-ion batteries.

Hong Kong’s Civil Aviation Department expressed significant concern over safety incidents involving passengers using lithium power banks during flights. Consequently, from April 7, passengers on Hong Kong-based airlines will be prohibited from using or charging power banks during flights and from storing them in overhead compartments. Instead, power banks should be kept under the seat or in the seat pocket in front of passengers.

These regulatory changes are in response to a rising number of incidents involving lithium-ion batteries. In 2024, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration recorded three incidents of overheating lithium batteries on planes every two weeks, up from just under one per week in 2018. Such statistics underscore the growing concern within the aviation industry regarding the safety of these devices.

Oracle Corporation has announced the general availability of its Exadata Database Service on Exascale Infrastructure within the Oracle Database@Azure platform. This development aims to provide customers with enhanced scalability, cost-efficiency, and performance for their database workloads. The Exascale deployment option introduces a multitenant, hyper-elastic intelligent data architecture that delivers the advantages of Oracle Exadata in a cloud environment. By eliminating the need for dedicated database and storage […]

Tata Communications has unveiled Tata Communications Vayu, a next-generation cloud fabric designed to address the escalating challenges faced by enterprises in managing multi-cloud environments, rising costs, and the growing demands of artificial intelligence infrastructure. This integrated solution aims to simplify cloud operations, reduce expenses, and foster scalable innovation for businesses navigating the complexities of the digital era.

Vayu integrates Infrastructure as a Service , Platform as a Service , AI platforms, security, and cloud connectivity into a unified ecosystem. This consolidation eliminates management complexities, reduces operational costs, and enables enterprises to scale seamlessly without vendor lock-in. The platform’s transparent pricing model and built-in financial operations automation promise cost savings of up to 30%, with reductions of 15-25% compared to major cloud service providers, and notably, without data egress charges or hidden fees.

To support the increasing adoption of AI applications, Vayu offers on-demand access to high-performance NVIDIA GPUs, facilitating AI model training, fine-tuning, and deployment without substantial infrastructure investments. The inclusion of an AI Studio—comprising an AI workbench, model garden, and responsible AI frameworks—further accelerates innovation by providing essential tools for enterprises to develop and implement AI solutions effectively.

The platform’s PaaS services simplify application deployment through serverless computing, auto-scaling, and managed databases. Integrated DevOps tools, API management, and microservices architecture automate workflows, enabling rapid innovation without the burden of infrastructure management. This vendor-agnostic approach ensures cross-platform interoperability, allowing businesses to operate across various cloud environments, including on-premises, multi-tenant, edge, public, or private clouds.

Security remains a cornerstone of Vayu, featuring a zero-trust security framework, advanced identity and access controls, and compliance with key regulations such as the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules 2025, Reserve Bank of India , Securities and Exchange Board of India , Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India , and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology . Data encryption both at rest and in transit ensures protection against evolving cyber threats, providing enterprises with confidence in their data security.

Sustainability is also a key focus for Vayu, offering carbon-neutral cloud options and energy-efficient data centres. Tata Communications plans to implement direct liquid cooling technology to optimise heat management for high-performance computing, aligning with environmental, social, and governance goals while delivering superior cloud performance.

A.S. Lakshminarayanan, Managing Director and CEO of Tata Communications, highlighted the platform’s significance: “As the digital era accelerates, the need for enterprise cloud and AI solutions that balance performance, cost, and sustainability has never been greater. Tata Communications Vayu is more than a product—it will pioneer a new way forward for businesses to integrate, uncomplicate, and innovate.”

Bhaskar Gorti, Executive Vice President of Cloud and Cybersecurity Services at Tata Communications, emphasised the transformative nature of Vayu: “Tata Communications Vayu signifies a transformational shift. Enterprises today need more than just basic cloud services, and our latest offering is the beginning of a new chapter in cloud evolution—one where technology is no longer an obstacle but an enabler of limitless possibilities.”

The introduction of Vayu positions Tata Communications to compete directly with established cloud service providers such as Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, and Amazon Web Services . By focusing on cross-platform interoperability, cost predictability, and leveraging its own network infrastructure, Tata Communications aims to differentiate itself in the competitive cloud market. The platform’s emphasis on reducing cloud expenditure by 15-25%, coupled with the absence of data egress charges, presents a compelling value proposition for enterprises seeking efficient and flexible cloud solutions.

Industry analysts note that the Indian public cloud services market is projected to reach $24.2 billion by 2028, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 23.8% from 2023 to 2028. This growth is driven by factors such as digital transformation initiatives, a preference for as-a-service models, and the increasing adoption of AI technologies. Tata Communications’ strategic focus on large enterprises, startups, and academic institutions positions Vayu to capitalise on this expanding market by providing tailored solutions that address the unique needs of these segments.

DE-CIX, a prominent global operator of Internet Exchanges , has inaugurated two new IXs in Brazil—DE-CIX São Paulo and DE-CIX Rio de Janeiro—marking a significant enhancement to the country’s digital connectivity landscape.

The launch event took place at Villaggio JK in São Paulo, attended by industry representatives and organizations from Brazil and beyond. These IXs, operated by DE-CIX Brazil, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the DE-CIX Group, are both carrier and data center neutral, ensuring broad accessibility for various network operators.

Strategically distributed across multiple data centers, DE-CIX São Paulo is housed in Elea Data Centers SPO1, Ascenty SP4, and Equinix SP4, while DE-CIX Rio de Janeiro operates from Elea Data Centers RJO1 and Equinix RJ2. This multi-location approach enhances redundancy and resilience for Brazilian network operators, addressing a critical need in the nation’s digital infrastructure.

A notable feature of these IXs is their interconnection from the outset, a first for Brazil. This setup facilitates both local and remote peering, allowing seamless data exchange within and between the two cities. Furthermore, DE-CIX Brazil integrates into the company’s global IX ecosystem, connecting with exchanges in New York, Lisbon, Madrid, Frankfurt, and beyond. This integration leverages both north-south and south-south Atlantic connectivity corridors, providing Brazilian customers with direct access to thousands of networks worldwide.

Ivo Ivanov, CEO of DE-CIX, emphasized the importance of this development: “With DE-CIX São Paulo and DE-CIX Rio de Janeiro open for business, customers can now benefit from a more resilient and globally integrated digital interconnection ecosystem in Brazil.” He highlighted the company’s commitment to enhancing local interconnection, attracting international participants, and strengthening the country’s digital infrastructure by offering high-performance, secure, and scalable interconnection services.

Brazil, as the second-largest market globally by network count, stands to gain significantly from these advancements. The growing digital economy demands state-of-the-art connectivity to ensure efficient local data exchange. The presence of DE-CIX in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro is poised to play a crucial role in driving efficiency, performance, and innovation within the country’s digital economy.

The establishment of these IXs is expected to attract international players to the Brazilian market, fostering a more vibrant and competitive digital ecosystem. By providing SLA-backed, enterprise-grade interconnection solutions, DE-CIX addresses the increasing demand for reliable, high-speed connectivity essential for cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and content localization.

DE-CIX’s expansion into Brazil aligns with its broader strategy of enhancing global interconnection services. With operations in nearly 60 locations across Europe, Africa, the Americas, the Middle East, and Asia, DE-CIX connects thousands of network operators, Internet service providers, content providers, and enterprise networks from over 100 countries. The company’s Frankfurt exchange is among the largest globally, handling almost 45 exabytes of data annually as of 2024, with close to 1,100 connected networks.

The collaboration with local data centers underscores DE-CIX’s commitment to strengthening Brazil’s digital backbone. By integrating into DE-CIX’s global ecosystem, Brazilian businesses gain direct access to a vast array of networks, enhancing their connectivity strategies and supporting digital transformation initiatives.

Aspire partners with global top tier VCs to launch a programme to empower early stage founders with the knowledge, resources and investor connections to fundraise with confidence. SINGAPORE – Media OutReach Neswire – 25 March 2025 – Aspire, the all-in-one finance platform for modern businesses, today announces the launch of Aspire Ignite, a programme designed to help early stage startup founders overcome one of the biggest challenges […]

GUANGYUAN, CHINA – Media OutReach Newswire – 24 March 2025 – On March 12, marking the 47th Arbor Day of China, the “Shu Road Cuiyun Corridor Ancient Cypress Conservation Handover Ceremony” was held in Jian’ge County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province. More than a hundred town and township cadres, forest rangers and villagers witnessed this special handover event, who gathered to witness the transfer of responsibility for the […]

The European Union is considering the development of a Linux-based operating system tailored for use across its public sector institutions. This initiative aims to reduce reliance on proprietary software, enhance digital sovereignty, and ensure compliance with data protection regulations. The proposed system, referred to as “EU OS,” is envisioned as a Fedora-based Linux distribution featuring the KDE Plasma desktop environment. According to the project’s documentation, EU OS […]

Six Greater China cities are ranked in the top 20 most expensive office fit out markets in Asia Pacific Hong Kong moves up four places to rank as fifth most expensive fit out market in Asia Pacific, remains most costly in Greater China HONG KONG SAR – Media OutReach Newswire – 24 March 2025 – The cost to fit out an office in key locations across Asia […]

Set to Take Over ICONSIAM Mall, Get Ready for the Ultimate Group Workout Experience – Tickets Available March 24, at Eventpop BANGKOK, THAILAND – Media OutReach Newswire – 24 March 2025 – The Ultimate Fitness Force 2025 (TUFF 2025), Asia’s largest group fitness festival, is coming to TRUE ICON HALL, ICONSIAM, on June 7-8, 2025. Hosted by Fitness First Thailand in collaboration with ICONSIAM, and Les Mills […]

VISHNU RAJA
RYO YAMADA
HITORI GOTOH
IKUYO KITA