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Swiss-registered fintech firm TrustLinq has rolled out a crypto-to-fiat payment platform designed to let holders of digital currencies send real-world payments in over 70 local currencies — without requiring a bank account. Users can fund transfers from holdings of cryptocurrencies such as USDT, USDC and EURC; the platform then converts and routes the funds through traditional banking rails, so recipients receive standard fiat via bank transfer.

The push addresses a long-standing barrier in the adoption of cryptocurrencies: while there are more than 580 million crypto users globally, under 0.005 percent of businesses currently accept digital currencies directly. As a result, many holders have struggled to use their crypto for everyday needs — rent, supplier bills, international transfers, or payroll. TrustLinq aims to bridge that divide.

Unlike traditional crypto payment gateways that require merchants to accept crypto directly, TrustLinq enables users to pay any individual or business worldwide, using crypto funds while sending fiat to the recipient’s bank account. Recipients do not need a digital wallet or to handle crypto; they receive funds just like a regular bank transfer.

For businesses — especially those operating across borders — the implications are significant. Vendors, employees, contractors, or suppliers can be paid in their local currency without the hassle of crypto-to-fiat conversion or the need for them to manage digital assets. In effect, TrustLinq offers companies a way to manage vendor payments, international payroll, and operational expenses via crypto without forcing counterparties into crypto adoption.

From a regulatory standpoint, TrustLinq operates under Swiss oversight, providing bank-grade compliance and secure automation. That regulatory clarity may matter more than ever as regulatory landscapes shift across regions for crypto payments.

Observers in the payments industry see TrustLinq’s entry as part of a larger pattern: financial firms and fintech companies are increasingly building infrastructure to integrate digital assets with traditional finance. Crypto payment solutions are evolving beyond speculative trading or niche peer-to-peer transfers; they are morphing into tools that can plug directly into legacy banking systems and everyday commerce.

Still, hurdles remain. While TrustLinq enables individuals to pay in fiat using crypto, global compliance regimes differ widely. Some jurisdictions continue to impose restrictions on crypto-to-fiat transfers, stablecoin use, or crypto payments — a fragmentation that can hinder adoption. Furthermore, currency volatility may still pose a concern for users who bring in crypto at one exchange rate and transfer to fiats pegged to different currencies. Analysts caution that until broader regulatory clarity and merchant acceptance emerges, such payment platforms may remain niches rather than mainstream alternatives.

TrustLinq has announced that it plans to launch its own debit cards in the first quarter of 2026, which could further expand usability for holders wanting to pay with crypto-backed fiat in everyday contexts — physical stores, online purchases, subscription services.

YouTube has moved to strengthen its presence in the UAE’s digital health landscape by developing programmes that place licensed medical professionals at the forefront of its educational content, signalling a determined push to make verified advice more accessible across the platform. The company’s strategy targets growing demand for trustworthy health information online, as concerns over misinformation continue to shape global discussions around digital media governance.

Executives overseeing the initiative said the platform aims to build a space where users can reliably distinguish expert-led guidance from unverified commentary, a challenge amplified by the scale and diversity of YouTube’s audience. The expansion forms part of a wider effort to elevate authoritative creators working in fields where accuracy is critical, particularly as the Gulf region deepens its investment in digital transformation of public services, including healthcare, teleconsultation and patient education tools.

YouTube’s managing teams have pointed to the UAE as a priority market due to its strong uptake of digital services, rapid population growth and the increasing role of online platforms in shaping consumer behaviour. Company representatives noted that the health programme supports licensed doctors and specialists in producing explanatory content on topics ranging from chronic disease management to preventative care, with a focus on clarity and cultural relevance. The aim is to ensure that users searching for guidance on everyday health queries encounter information grounded in established medical understanding.

The regional rollout also follows the platform’s broader global commitment to responsible content curation, which includes labelling health sources, collaborating with regulatory bodies and strengthening partnerships with hospitals and academic institutions. Executives highlighted that user trust depends not only on removing harmful material but also on amplifying credible voices. This shift reflects wider trends across major technology firms, which are under increasing pressure to address misinformation while supporting creators who offer value through expertise.

During discussions about the programme, YouTube’s leadership emphasised that the future of digital platforms lies in empowering diverse creator communities. A senior executive cited the example of a Dutch knitting creator whose channel grew from a small personal project into a global community hub, illustrating how storytelling and authenticity can generate engagement across borders. The reference underscored the platform’s belief that healthcare content, too, should be driven by relatable human narratives, not only clinical explanations.

Doctors participating in the UAE initiative have described the programme as a chance to reach audiences who might hesitate to seek medical advice through traditional channels. Specialists working in fields such as cardiology, paediatrics and mental health say that video content enables them to clarify misconceptions, guide viewers toward evidence-based treatment options and encourage early intervention. Several practitioners have noted that the platform provides a unique opportunity to communicate complex issues in a visually engaging format, which can support better understanding among younger users.

Market analysts observing YouTube’s strategy say the platform’s focus aligns with the UAE’s national priorities, particularly its long-term digital health agenda. Authorities across the Gulf have invested in AI-enabled diagnostics, electronic health records and telemedicine infrastructure, creating a parallel demand for trusted educational material that helps residents navigate an evolving healthcare environment. Analysts also point to the competitive landscape, where global platforms are working to differentiate themselves through credible content partnerships.

The company’s decision to bring more clinical professionals onto the platform reflects research showing that users often rely on video explanations when confronted with health queries. Executives acknowledge that this behaviour carries both opportunities and risks, as misinformation can spread rapidly when content appears authoritative. To address this, YouTube has been refining its ranking systems to elevate licensed practitioners and institutions, ensuring visibility for creators whose credentials and communication standards have been verified.

Creators involved in the new initiative have stressed the responsibility that accompanies such visibility. Several participants noted that working on the platform requires balancing accessibility with professional rigour, avoiding oversimplification while keeping content digestible for general audiences. These doctors have described the process as an extension of public health education, albeit through a digital medium that demands nuanced storytelling and sensitivity to cultural context.

Abu Dhabi’s transformation into a leading centre for digital asset regulation is gathering global recognition, with legal and financial experts pointing to its advanced regulatory framework and investor-friendly environment as key drivers for growing crypto-sector confidence.

At the sidelines of Abu Dhabi Finance Week, compliance specialist Magdalena Boškić of Swiss firm Kellerhals Carrard declared that the UAE has firmly established itself as a global hub for digital-asset businesses, drawing major international players thanks to robust legislation and transparent licensing regimes. She highlighted the role of regulatory bodies such as the Financial Services Regulatory Authority at Abu Dhabi Global Market, the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority in Dubai, the Dubai Financial Services Authority, and the Central Bank of the UAE, describing their collective efforts as among the most advanced globally.

Under the UAE’s multi-jurisdictional model, companies involved in trading, custody, asset-management or tokenisation can select the regulatory framework that matches their business model, offering flexibility without sacrificing oversight. The regime is built on principles like technology neutrality, activity-based licensing and strict compliance with investor-protection standards — features that offer legal clarity and attract institutional as well as retail participation. Boškić noted that this environment has led several prominent Swiss digital-asset banks such as Sygnum and AMINA to expand their presence in the Emirates.

A 2025 ranking by the Global Finance & Technology Network, in collaboration with consultancy Arthur D. Little, placed the UAE alongside jurisdictions such as Switzerland and Singapore among the most advanced globally for crypto regulation. The report credited the UAE for its comprehensive approach to tokenised assets, stablecoins, virtual-asset service providers and other fintech innovations — moving the country from ambition into execution.

Institutional adoption has risen sharply. Data on inflows between mid-2023 and mid-2024 show digital-asset investments of more than US$30 billion — roughly 10 percent of the Middle East and North Africa region’s total — with institutional-sized transfers jumping about 55 percent year-on-year. Simultaneously, retail participation has surged; the number of daily active crypto traders in the UAE has reportedly crossed 500,000, underscoring broad public engagement with digital-asset markets.

Fiscal incentives have added to the appeal. The absence of personal income tax or capital-gains tax, combined with exemptions on value-added tax for trading and conversion of virtual assets, offers one of the most favourable tax regimes globally. These conditions, combined with regulatory clarity, help explain the influx of both specialized crypto firms and traditional financial institutions adapting to digital-asset offerings.

The expansion also includes the tokenisation of real-world assets — such as real estate, aviation and even sovereign bonds — indicating that the UAE’s digital-asset market is evolving beyond speculative cryptocurrency trading into structured financial instruments. This opens pathways for sophisticated investors and enterprises seeking to integrate blockchain-based financing or asset-tokenisation into mainstream operations.

Still, rapid growth is not without risks. Observers caution that heightened crypto activity brings exposure to money laundering, unregulated peer-to-peer trading, cybersecurity threats and uneven investor protection. Regulators must balance fostering innovation with safeguarding financial integrity.

A milestone for regulatory trust came this week when Binance secured a global licence under the ADGM framework granted by the FSRA. The approval of the world’s largest crypto exchange underlines the UAE’s drive to cement its status as a credible, regulated base for digital-asset operations.

Arabian Post Staff -Dubai Asia Pacific borrowers have significantly increased euro-denominated bond issuance this year, signalling a notable shift away from reliance on the US dollar as a financing standard. According to data compiled this year, euro-denominated issuance accounted for a record 23 per cent of all hard-currency bonds from Asia Pacific borrowers — up six percentage points compared with 2024. The total volume of euro-note sales […]

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A dramatic shift in digital asset markets unfolded as one of the year’s fastest-rising crypto trades, which surged more than 2,600% at its peak, unravelled with an 86% wipeout, shaking confidence across a sector already grappling with volatility, liquidity strains, and shifting regulatory expectations. The abrupt reversal, mirrored in the steep fall of smaller token clusters linked to speculative momentum strategies, highlighted how rapidly sentiment can turn in an ecosystem vulnerable to leverage-driven cycles.

Market data from major exchanges showed that the trade, centred on a group of micro-capitalisation tokens propelled by algorithmic buying, began losing momentum after a wave of profit-taking by early entrants. Traders close to proprietary desks reported that liquidation cascades—triggered as automated systems unwound positions—accelerated the decline. The severe downturn echoed patterns seen during previous speculative surges, where liquidity gaps magnified losses within hours.

Analysts tracking blockchain activity noted that the rally’s ascent had attracted retail inflows, partly due to social-media-driven narratives framing the tokens as high-growth opportunities. As prices climbed, leverage amplified exposure, drawing in traders seeking outsized returns. Once selling pressure gained traction, that leverage turned into a critical vulnerability, forcing positions to unwind just as liquidity thinned. Several independent market researchers observed that the velocity of the downturn suggested a structural fragility, rather than a simple correction.

The collapse also revived discussion about the role of automated strategies in amplifying market instability. Many of the instruments involved were linked to quant-driven flows, where bots responded to volatility triggers rather than underlying fundamentals. As one portfolio strategist explained, these systems can cause price swings that move far beyond what traditional finance would consider tolerable, adding that crypto lacks the circuit-breaker mechanisms that help stabilise other asset classes. This dynamic, according to several fund managers, remains one of the most persistent challenges for institutions considering deeper exposure to decentralised markets.

Regulatory uncertainty added to the unease. Authorities in key jurisdictions have been scrutinising high-risk digital asset structures, and policymakers have signalled the possibility of tighter oversight for tokens driven by momentum rather than intrinsic value. Market observers said that while there is no direct link between regulatory commentary and the downturn, the broader environment has weighed on risk appetite. Investor caution intensified as questions resurfaced about transparency in the trading strategies behind the surge.

The downturn also exposed liquidity fragmentation across exchanges. Some platforms reported delays in order execution as volumes spiked, and spreads widened sharply during peak selling. Professional traders said this fragmentation remains a major impediment to maturing the sector, as it complicates price discovery and heightens vulnerability to abrupt swings. Several firms specialising in market-making suggested that the episode would likely prompt renewed calls for better liquidity management frameworks within decentralised ecosystems.

Amid the turmoil, major digital assets such as Bitcoin and Ether showed relative resilience, though both experienced elevated intraday volatility. Their ability to avoid the extreme swings seen in smaller tokens prompted commentary that the market may be entering a phase where speculative micro-caps detach from more established assets. Still, derivatives positions linked to broader sentiment recorded notable adjustments, indicating that traders remain sensitive to signs of systemic stress.

Industry insiders highlighted that the steep crash follows a pattern of momentum-driven phases that have punctuated crypto cycles since the first wave of retail adoption. A veteran analyst noted that while earlier episodes centred on initial coin offerings or meme-driven tokens, the current one underscores how algorithmic and social-media amplification have merged, producing sharper and faster boom-and-bust phases. The analyst added that such swings complicate long-term valuation models, as fundamental metrics often become secondary to speculative flows.

Venture-backed projects tied to the affected tokens faced heightened scrutiny as investors assessed whether the price collapse would impair broader ecosystem development. Some founders sought to reassure stakeholders by highlighting active user bases and ongoing technical upgrades, although several funds acknowledged that valuation resets were unavoidable. Market participants stressed that while token prices do not always reflect underlying project viability, extreme volatility can hinder funding conversations and stall adoption.

Forecasts from major US banks suggest the bull market will remain intact in 2026, with some projecting the S&P 500 above 7,500 by year end. The latest Financial Times survey, covering nine major investment banks, reinforces this confidence with an average forecast of roughly 10% upside from current levels. I understand why that optimism exists. The US economy continues to outperform expectations, corporate earnings have held up, […]

A newly documented exploitation method using scalable vector graphics has intensified scrutiny of browser-level security after a security researcher demonstrated how attackers can transform traditional clickjacking into a highly responsive, interactive deception technique. The approach, described as “SVG clickjacking,” shows how malicious actors can build dynamic and precise overlays that track user behaviour far more effectively than the static frames typically seen in older attacks. The method […]

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A new specialised laboratory for testing and certifying sustainable aviation fuel is being set up in Fujairah, marking a significant expansion of the UAE’s ambitions to become a leading hub for low-carbon aviation fuels across the Middle East and North Africa. The project, developed by MENA Biofuels in partnership with Saybolt, is positioned as the first facility of its kind in the country dedicated to sustainable aviation fuel testing and is expected to strengthen the supply chain for carriers adopting cleaner fuel blends.

The laboratory will be located within the Fujairah Oil Industry Zone, one of the region’s key energy storage and logistics centres. According to the developers, the facility will operate under internationally recognised standards and provide independent verification and certification services for SAF produced in the UAE and the wider region. This will allow aviation fuel suppliers to meet the stringent quality and sustainability benchmarks required by global regulators and airlines, many of which are targeting large-scale SAF adoption over the coming decade.

MENA Biofuels and Saybolt have indicated that the lab is being designed to serve both domestic producers and international clients moving fuel through Fujairah’s terminals. Industry analysts note that Fujairah’s strategic location on the global maritime route linking the Gulf to Asia and Europe gives the new testing operation considerable potential to influence regional fuel flows. The developers said the initiative reflects growing demand among airlines for certified SAF, which is viewed as one of the most immediate pathways to reducing aviation emissions.

The UAE has been expanding investments in biofuels as part of its broader decarbonisation strategy, with several aviation stakeholders stepping up procurement of SAF blends for commercial flights. Etihad Airways and Emirates have both trialled SAF operations, while Abu Dhabi and Dubai authorities have emphasised the need for stronger regional production capacity. Industry data indicates that SAF supply remains constrained worldwide, making certification infrastructure a critical component for scaling up output. The new Fujairah lab aims to close a gap in regional capabilities by offering end-to-end testing that aligns with international requirements established by organisations such as ASTM International, which governs SAF specifications.

Saybolt, an inspection and testing group with long-standing operations in global energy markets, is expected to lead the technical management of the laboratory. Its role will involve implementing fuel-testing protocols, quality assurance systems and sustainability verification frameworks. Executives familiar with the arrangement said the partnership combines Saybolt’s technical expertise with MENA Biofuels’ regional network and logistics access. Market observers believe this gives the venture a strong foundation to support both emerging SAF producers and established energy companies evaluating diversification into aviation biofuels.

The decision to anchor the lab within the Fujairah Oil Industry Zone aligns with local authorities’ push to broaden the zone’s portfolio beyond crude and refined products. The zone already hosts significant tank storage, bunkering and refining infrastructure, and expanding into sustainable fuels aligns with the UAE’s national energy transition commitments. Investors and analysts have pointed to Fujairah’s ability to handle large volumes of fuel as an advantage for SAF certification, particularly for producers that require rapid turnaround on testing to meet airline delivery schedules.

Aviation industry figures have highlighted that the move addresses a structural bottleneck in the SAF market. Certification processes are often conducted in Europe or the United States, adding cost and delay for producers operating in the Gulf. By offering testing capacity locally, the Fujairah lab is expected to reduce lead times and encourage investment in regional SAF manufacturing. Some analysts say the initiative may draw interest from energy companies in neighbouring Gulf states exploring SAF pathways as part of their decarbonisation agendas.

Airline industry targets have accelerated demand for SAF, with global carriers collectively aiming for significant emissions reductions by 2030. Several Gulf-based airlines, including those operating through Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah, have pledged to expand their use of sustainable fuel blends once supply becomes more stable. SAF production in the region remains at an early stage, but energy firms have been evaluating waste-to-fuel pathways, renewable feedstocks and partnerships with technology providers to scale output. The establishment of credible certification capacity is viewed as an essential precursor to commercial production.

Sui’s token structure is drawing heightened attention as analysts warn that the network’s locked supply and insider concentration could influence market behaviour during the next phase of token distribution. A new assessment suggests that questions around the durability of Sui’s rally persist despite the project’s growing activity in decentralised applications and its positioning as an alternative to high-throughput chains. The concerns have surfaced as market participants look for signals on whether Sui could mirror the type of extended rally seen in Solana during its strong periods of expansion.

Sui’s token model includes a large quantity of locked tokens that are programmed to enter circulation according to a long-term schedule. Data compiled by blockchain monitoring platforms indicates that more than half of the total supply, around 50.57 per cent, remains locked. The release of these tokens is staggered, but analysts note that the size of the locked tranche means the market will continue to grapple with questions about absorption capacity and price impact. A cohort of early backers and core contributors holds about 15.3 per cent of the supply, a figure that has prompted market watchers to examine whether insider allocations could add to selling pressure once vesting windows open.

Developers behind the network emphasise that the emissions framework was designed to support long-term decentralisation and sustainable staking rewards. They argue that the programme aligns incentives for validators, node operators and builders working on the Layer-1 blockchain. However, the scale of the locked supply and the pace at which it is due to unlock have remained central to external evaluations, especially against the backdrop of aggressive capital rotation across digital asset markets.

Sui has promoted itself as a platform capable of handling high transaction throughput through its parallel execution model, distinguishing itself from chains that rely heavily on sequential processing. The project has advocated for its ability to support complex applications, with gaming, asset tokenisation and digital commerce cited as core areas of growth. Activity on the network has picked up over multiple trading cycles, with decentralised exchanges and gaming protocols playing a visible role in boosting usage. Even so, market analysts caution that network adoption alone cannot insulate the token from structural risks tied to large unlocks.

The comparison with Solana has intensified as traders search for the next high-growth ecosystem. Solana’s expansion was driven by rising developer activity, strong venture backing and an improving macro climate for risk assets, elements that contributed to a prolonged appreciation in its token price. Some traders argue that Sui possesses a similar mix of technical ambition and ecosystem investment. Others counter that Solana’s earlier supply dynamics were markedly different, with less pronounced unlocking over short intervals. These observers state that expectations of a parallel trajectory should be tempered until Sui demonstrates a firmer balance between token issuance and organic demand.

Several research desks have highlighted that tokenomics alone do not determine the long-term trajectory of a blockchain project but can exert considerable influence during early growth phases. Analysts tracking the project have pointed to previous unlock waves that resulted in more volatile trading sessions. They note that liquidity conditions matter significantly when large quantities of tokens transition from locked to tradable status, particularly during market downturns. Market participants monitoring derivatives markets also report that funding rates and open interest data reflect cautious positioning around major unlock dates.

The project’s foundation continues to emphasise builder incentives, community grants and ecosystem expansion. Grants directed towards game studios, consumer applications and infrastructure tools have created steady interest among developers seeking alternatives to more congested chains. Daily active accounts and transaction counts have shown periodic spikes, although interpreters of blockchain data stress that differentiating genuine usage from opportunistic activity remains essential when evaluating the long-term strength of an ecosystem.

A proposed acquisition involving Solmate and RockawayX is set to form a digital-asset business valued at about $2 billion, marking one of the most significant consolidation moves in the crypto infrastructure segment this year. The companies have signed a term sheet that lays the foundation for a unified institutional platform, bringing together treasury management, custody, infrastructure services, and investment capabilities under a single framework aimed at accelerating growth in regulated markets.

The structure under discussion places Marco Santori at the helm of Solmate as chief executive, overseeing the combined treasury and infrastructure strategy. Santori, whose career has spanned legal, compliance and policy roles across the crypto sector, is expected to steer the organisation through advancing regulatory requirements and the maturation of institutional demand for blockchain-based services. Viktor Fischer will continue as chief executive of the RockawayX subsidiary, maintaining operational continuity for the unit’s investment and venture activities, while supporting its integration into the broader strategy being shaped for the merged entity.

The term sheet signals a drive toward strengthening institutional-grade products, an area that has been expanding as asset managers, banks and corporates look for secure and compliant exposure to digital assets. Market analysts note that consolidation among service providers has intensified during the year, with firms seeking scale to meet tighter rules around custody, disclosures and consumer protection. The combined platform is positioned to benefit from these pressures, particularly as policymakers in Europe and the Gulf continue to advance clearer frameworks for crypto trading and asset tokenisation.

Both companies have been active in digital-asset infrastructure, with Solmate operating from the UAE while expanding its footprint across treasury services, custody architecture and enterprise solutions, and RockawayX building a presence in venture investment and decentralised finance infrastructure. Industry observers point out that merging these capabilities could create a diversified revenue base that spans recurring service fees and strategic investment returns. The proposal aligns with a wider shift toward vertically integrated models, enabling providers to streamline operations and reduce dependence on external platforms.

The acquisition plan comes at a time when institutional appetite for blockchain-based solutions has grown. Asset tokenisation has gained traction across global financial centres, with several regulators encouraging pilots in settlement, fund distribution and real-world asset token structures. Market estimates from financial institutions tracking tokenisation flows suggest that the segment could expand into multi-trillion-dollar territory over the next decade, creating opportunities for firms positioned to serve corporate treasuries and fund managers seeking secure digital infrastructure.

Santori has highlighted in prior industry engagements that regulatory clarity is central to institutional adoption. His role in shaping the combined strategy is seen as critical as Solmate works to align its offerings with evolving rules across the EU, the UK and the Gulf. Fischer, meanwhile, has maintained a focus on early-stage blockchain innovation and decentralised services, an area where RockawayX has built strong networks with founders and developers. The proposed structure allows both executives to operate within their respective strengths while contributing to a unified long-term roadmap.

The companies are expected to enter a detailed due-diligence phase, during which they will assess operational integration, regulatory conditions and market positioning. While the term sheet outlines key leadership and structural arrangements, the final agreement will depend on further negotiations and any regulatory permissions required in relevant jurisdictions. People familiar with transactions of this scale emphasise that the coming stages typically involve extensive compliance reviews, cybersecurity audits and technology-stack assessments, especially for firms engaged in digital-asset custody and treasury operations.

Market participants say the combined entity’s valuation of around $2 billion reflects the premium placed on platforms capable of serving institutional demand for secure storage, liquidity management, infrastructure and tokenisation support. Comparable transactions this year have highlighted a rising interest among investors in firms that can bridge traditional financial practices with advanced blockchain tools. Analysts also point out that bringing treasury and venture operations together may create synergies, allowing insights from early-stage ecosystems to inform enterprise-level product design.

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Ika’s latest mainnet upgrade has widened its native cross-chain capabilities to cover Solana, Zcash, Cardano, Stellar, Near and several other ecosystems that depend on EdDSA signatures, marking a significant step in efforts to streamline secure multi-chain interoperability. The network, which positions itself as a high-performance parallel MPC infrastructure, said the development enables decentralised wallets on its platform to generate EdDSA signatures directly, removing a key barrier for users aiming to execute transactions across diverse blockchain environments without intermediaries.

Executives described the rollout as a fulfilment of a core commitment to allow seamless control of digital assets across multiple chains through native authentication mechanisms. Analysts tracking the sector noted that Ika’s move arrives at a moment when blockchain networks are intensifying competition to offer deeper interoperability, improved security guarantees and lower latency for institutional and retail users transacting across a dispersed ecosystem. The company’s upgrade introduces direct support for chains with distinct cryptographic architectures, giving developers a more unified environment for building decentralised applications that interact across networks with minimal friction.

EdDSA, a signature scheme valued for speed and resistance to certain attack vectors, has become a standard across several major chains. By integrating native support for it, Ika has aligned itself with a widening group of protocols that rely on this cryptographic approach. Engineers familiar with cross-chain bridging mechanisms said the enhancement reduces the need for external validators or proprietary signing modules, both of which have historically created vulnerabilities that attackers have exploited. The company’s emphasis on decentralised key generation and distributed signing is aimed at addressing those concerns, with the upgrade designed to ensure that no single node gains access to full private key material during any point of the transaction process.

Developers working on multi-chain tools have highlighted that Solana and Zcash pose demanding requirements given their divergent architectures, throughput characteristics and privacy frameworks. Solana’s focus on parallel transaction processing and Zcash’s shielded transaction system require precise signature handling. Ika’s engineers said the upgrade underwent extensive compatibility tests to ensure that signature validity, network confirmation times and verification methods aligned with native standards on each chain. Market observers added that Cardano’s adoption of Ed25519, Stellar’s reliance on simple yet robust distributed consensus, and Near’s sharded architecture also required tailored integration approaches that maintain performance targets while preserving decentralisation.

The extended coverage is expected to attract developers seeking infrastructure capable of delivering verifiable computations and secure multi-party controls without depending on centralised custodial layers. Industry analysts have reported a growing appetite for MPC-based solutions as institutional participants demand cryptographic guarantees that reduce counterparty risk and strengthen operational security. Ika’s parallel design allows multiple signing operations and computations to run simultaneously, a feature the company argues positions it for high-volume environments such as decentralised exchanges, cross-chain liquidity networks and tokenisation platforms.

Executives said the upgrade also lays groundwork for supporting additional ecosystems that may adopt or transition to EdDSA-based cryptography. While the company has not disclosed timelines for further integrations, the MPC network’s architecture is designed to accommodate expanded signature schemes without major reconfiguration. That adaptability has become an important differentiator for infrastructure providers aiming to keep pace with evolving cryptographic standards and the emergence of new blockchain protocols built around enhanced privacy or throughput.

Blockchain security specialists noted that the industry continues to grapple with vulnerabilities in cross-chain bridges, some of which have seen major exploits over the past two years due to weaknesses in multi-signature setups and validator coordination. Ika’s MPC-driven approach seeks to mitigate these risks by distributing trust and eliminating single-point signing authority. By enabling native EdDSA signatures within its distributed wallet environment, the company aims to reduce exposure to the types of exploits linked to compromised custodial keys or flawed verification mechanisms.

VTB — Russia’s second-largest bank by assets — has announced plans to allow its clients to directly buy, sell and hold cryptocurrencies through its brokerage accounts starting in 2026. The move was disclosed by the head of its brokerage services at an investment conference in Moscow, signalling a shift from derivatives-based crypto exposure toward full asset-level trading.

At present, VTB already offers clients access to cryptocurrency derivatives. The planned service would enable investors to acquire digital assets such as Bitcoin through regular investment or brokerage accounts once regulatory approval is secured. The bank is canvassing regulators and expects authorisation to come through within months.

This development comes against a broader backdrop of rapid evolution in Russia’s digital-asset infrastructure. The Moscow Exchange has recently launched ruble-settled Bitcoin futures and other crypto-linked instruments for institutional investors — part of a broader effort to open new investment channels under carefully structured legal regimes.

Under the current regulatory framework, only “specially qualified” investors — those with high net worth or significant annual income — can directly engage in cryptocurrencies. VTB’s new offering may broaden participation beyond derivatives and institutional-only vehicles, assuming the financial regulator approves the shift.

For VTB, the initiative represents a diversification of its services at a time when Russian banks face mounting pressures. The bank is grappling with new capital requirements imposed by the Central Bank of Russia, which its chief has described as a major challenge going forward.

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Belgium has rejected a proposal by the European Union to channel frozen Russian assets toward a major financial aid package for Ukraine, dealing a blow to efforts aimed at sustaining Kyiv’s war-time finances. The plan envisioned a €140 billion “reparations loan,” backed by immobilised Russian central-bank reserves held largely in Belgium’s Euroclear, but Belgian leaders argued the risks are too high—legal, financial and reputational.

The opposition centres on statements from Bart De Wever, Belgium’s prime minister, who described the plan as “fundamentally flawed”. He warned that using the frozen assets at this stage could trigger lawsuits, force Belgium to shoulder massive liabilities, and destabilise confidence in the euro. De Wever rejected broad incentives offered by the European Commission and demanded legally binding guarantees from other EU member states before any commitment.

Backing Ukraine with frozen Russian funds had gained traction as European leaders scrambled to meet Kyiv’s projected needs through 2026–2027. Analysts estimate that Ukraine faces a budget shortfall of more than €135 billion over the next two years, with defence expenditures alone ballooning. The EU had considered not just using interest on the frozen assets — which has supported a G7-backed aid programme so far — but deploying the assets themselves as collateral to unlock large-scale funding.

Yet the European Central Bank has refused to provide emergency liquidity for the proposed loan, citing its mandate forbidding direct monetary financing to governments under EU treaties. The refusal undermines the viability of the scheme, especially since liquidity back-stops were meant to reassure markets and protect institutions like Euroclear from sudden liability.

Some EU member states and financial experts contended that employing frozen assets would free up taxpayer money and symbolically re-affirm Europe’s stance that Russia must pay for its aggression. Academics have pointed out how using immobilised reserves could offer Ukraine immediate relief without expanding EU sovereign debt. The Commission is reportedly exploring fallback options, such as joint borrowing backed by the EU budget or bilateral loans, but those alternatives are expected to carry higher costs and slower disbursement timelines.

Opposing countries argue the plan violates property rights, jeopardises investor confidence and could provoke Russian retaliation, both legally and economically. Euroclear itself has warned of potential lawsuits and damage to its reputation as a global securities depository if assets are re-purposed in this way.

With less than three weeks remaining before a planned EU summit, Belgium’s refusal complicates efforts to finalise a unified approach. Brussels appears unlikely to shift position without assurances that risks will be shared evenly — a prospect many member states view as tantamount to signing a blank cheque.

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Arabian Post Staff -Dubai Motorola appears poised to challenge the high-end smartphone segment with its upcoming Motorola Edge 70 Ultra, which likely adopts Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 8 Gen 5 chipset instead of the more powerful “Elite” variant. Early benchmark scores tied to a Motorola handset show single-core and multi-core results of 2,636 and 7,475 respectively — impressive but short of Elite-class performance. The device is expected to ship […]

Strategy, the publicly traded firm widely known for holding the largest corporate stash of Bitcoin, has drawn a line under doubts over its ability to meet dividend and debt obligations without selling crypto by creating a $1.44 billion U. S.-dollar reserve backed by share sales. This move reflects a deeper shift in the company’s risk management as the digital-asset market endures sharp price swings.

According to disclosures, the cash reserve was funded through the company’s at-the-market sales program, under which Strategy issued new Class A common stock in November, raising nearly $1.5 billion. Those proceeds now serve to fund preferred stock dividends and interest payments on outstanding convertible debt, obligations that had sparked investor concern amid a steep slide in Bitcoin valuations.

Alongside the cash build-up, Strategy added another 130 Bitcoin to its holdings, raising its total cache to 650,000 BTC — reaffirming its long-term bullish stance even as market conditions deteriorate. Executive chairman Michael Saylor reiterated commitment to Bitcoin as core to the firm’s identity, signalling confidence that the underlying asset remains a compelling store of value despite pressure.

Still, Strategy trimmed its fiscal-year 2025 guidance on operating income and diluted earnings per share, reflecting the volatile environment. Earlier projections assumed a markedly higher Bitcoin price range; the company now expects end-of-year BTC valuations between $85,000 and $110,000, a significant downgrade from prior assumptions near $150,000. Analysts caution this wide range introduces considerable uncertainty for cash-flow forecasts and valuation models.

The need for a cash reserve stems from one of the harshest drawdowns Bitcoin has faced this year. Bitcoin surged past $126,000 in early October but surrendered those gains over the subsequent weeks. The broader crypto sell-off, combined with liquidity constraints and high correlation between digital assets and riskier financial instruments, has erased much of the 2025 rally.

Industry-wide, firms that built large digital-asset treasuries this year are now navigating amplified risk. A recent study modelling “Digital Asset Treasury” companies warns that those relying solely on mark-to-market gains are especially vulnerable in bear markets — a problem compounded when accounting for debt and fixed-income obligations. The authors argue that cash-flow generation independent of crypto price swings, such as fee-based services on payment rails, could offer a path to stability; for now, Strategy’s cash reserve seems to be its principal line of defence.

Market reaction was swift. Shares of Strategy dropped more than 10 per cent following the announcement, extending a decline that has taken the stock down over 50 per cent in 2025. Some investors remain unconvinced that the company’s liquidity buffer is sufficient, pointing to its substantial convertible debt load and the challenge of generating recurring operational revenue. Others see the reserve as a pragmatic step — a signal that Strategy is prioritising financial resilience over ideological purity.

Crypto markets endured a sharp shake-out as leveraged positions worth roughly $800 million were liquidated within a single 24-hour span, wiping out a wave of long bets across major digital assets.

The dump was triggered when Bitcoin slipped below a key price threshold, pressuring highly leveraged long positions on futures markets and prompting a cascade of forced sell-offs. Platforms such as Hyperliquid and Bybit reportedly absorbed the majority of the liquidations, underscoring how overextended trader leverage remains widespread even after prior volatility.

Data compiled by derivatives-monitoring firms shows hundreds of thousands of traders saw their positions wiped out, reflecting a broad-based unwind rather than a handful of large outliers. Long positions accounted for the lion’s share of the losses, a pattern that analysts argue deepens near-term downside risk while simultaneously resetting excessive leverage.

Market participants suggest the liquidation sequence was worsened by macroeconomic uncertainty. Signals from major central banks hinting at tighter monetary policy have quelled risk appetite, undermining speculative crypto bets built on hopes of renewed easy capital. A stronger dollar and rising bond yields weighed on crypto sentiment and intensified pressure on leveraged positions.

Declines weren’t limited to Bitcoin. Ethereum and other large-cap altcoins also suffered sharp drawdowns as falling prices triggered liquidation cascades across the derivatives market. As leverage unwinding rippled through the system, traders who had bet on a sustained rebound found themselves among the hardest hit.

Some investors framed this purge of leverage as a potential reset for the crypto market. Clearing out excessive long exposure might pave the way for more stable price action if broader buying support returns. Others, however, cautioned that forced liquidations could destabilise confidence and deepen volatility — especially if macro headwinds persist.

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UAE and Saudi Arabia are embarking on sweeping reforms to reshape their healthcare and life-sciences sectors, opening the door to expanded private-sector participation, foreign investment and rapid technological adoption across the region.

Legal changes in the UAE have restructured the regulatory framework for medical products, pharmacies and pharmaceutical establishments under updated laws that strengthen protections and streamline compliance. These alterations aim to catalyse domestic pharmaceutical manufacturing and support a growing life-sciences ecosystem, signalling government intent to shift from reliance on imports to building a robust local industry. The reforms dovetail with a broader healthcare strategy that encourages research, innovation and long-term capacity building in biotechnology and medical technology.

Parallel reforms in Saudi Arabia have dramatically altered the investment climate. Regulatory adjustments now allow 100 per cent foreign ownership of healthcare facilities including hospitals, polyclinics and telehealth centres. This change aligns with government objectives under its economic diversification plan, which seeks to raise private-sector involvement from roughly 40 per cent today to nearly 65 per cent by 2030. Licensing procedures for new medical facilities and services are being streamlined and digitised to offer greater transparency and efficiency, thereby lowering entry barriers for both domestic and international investors.

Market data underscore the scale of transformation. Industry forecasts suggest that overall healthcare and life-sciences investment across Gulf countries could rise sharply, supported by demographic changes, growing demand for chronic-care and geriatric services, and increased appetite for digital health and preventive medicine. In the UAE, life-sciences clusters are being developed to host pharmaceutical and medical-device companies, while production of biosimilars and expansion of research facilities indicate a strategic push to localise supply chains.

Digital health and health-tech are playing a central role in this transformation. Both nations are investing in national platforms for unified electronic health records, AI-powered diagnostics, and telemedicine services designed to expand access to care and improve efficiency. These efforts are complemented by regulatory frameworks that encourage medical innovation and private–public partnerships, creating environments where start-ups and established firms alike can experiment with new models of care delivery.

Despite broad optimism, some challenges remain. Large-scale hospital projects still face regulatory and approval delays, even as efforts are underway to simplify licensing and reduce bureaucratic hurdles. In Saudi Arabia, private investors must navigate evolving cultural and regulatory norms, especially around areas such as reproductive medicine and biotechnology. Recruiting and retaining specialised medical professionals remains difficult, given relatively limited existing local expertise in certain advanced fields.

Although regulatory reforms lay the groundwork for growth, translating legal change into improved patient outcomes and equitable access will demand careful oversight. Ensuring quality across a rapidly expanding private healthcare market and balancing profitability with affordability will require rigorous standards, transparent governance and robust public-health planning.

Arabian Post Staff -Dubai A US$500 million Sukuk issued by Sharjah Islamic Bank has begun trading on Nasdaq Dubai, strengthening the exchange’s position as a leading hub for Sharia-compliant debt instruments and marking another step in Sharjah’s broader capital-raising strategy. The exchange confirmed that the five-year issuance, structured under the lender’s US$3 billion Trust Certificate Issuance Programme, enhances the visibility of Gulf-based issuers seeking to tap international […]

Organisers DMCC and Bybit have selected five winning projects from their global Web3 Unleashed #3 hackathon, granting a total prize pool of US$140,000 to the top teams. The live finale took place at S/O Uptown Dubai where finalists pitched across six tracks — DeFi, Web3 Gaming, SocialFi, Infrastructure, Tokenisation, as well as two new areas, DeFAI and DeSci.

More than 90 teams applied from around the world and ten were chosen to present before a panel of industry experts and investors. Judges assessed the entries on technical execution, innovation, business potential and real-world impact. The five winners were Yumi Finance, Glint Analytics, Sorachain AI, Aurayale and Spout Finance.

Ahmed Bin Sulayem, Executive Chairman and CEO of DMCC, said the Web3 Unleashed programme has evolved from a regional initiative into a global benchmark for Web3 innovation, and adding new tracks this year reflects organisers’ commitment to technological evolution and decentralised transformation.

Helen Liu, Co-CEO of Bybit, noted the growing technical depth and global calibre of hackers joining the competition. She underscored that despite volatility in crypto markets — with major tokens facing pullbacks — the exchange remains committed to backing builders working on utility-driven Web3 solutions.

Support for the hackathon came from partners including DWF Labs, Hacken, CV Labs, Blockchain for Good Alliance, Verse8, CROSS and Cointelegraph, which contributed mentorship, technical guidance and exposure to participating teams.

The hackathon’s broadened scope this year, especially with DeFAI and DeSci categories, highlights widening interest in merging blockchain with artificial intelligence and decentralised scientific research — areas gaining traction among developers worldwide. The winners’ projects are expected to benefit from access to mentors, potential backing from investors and integration into DMCC’s expanding Web3 ecosystem.

Stakeholders consider the outcome indicative of a maturing Web3 landscape in Dubai and beyond, where decentralised technologies are increasingly judged on real-world utility, technical robustness, and cross-sector applicability.

JPMorgan Chase & Co has upgraded its recommendation on China’s stock market to “overweight,” arguing that potential gains in the coming year now outweigh the risks of sharp losses. Strategists at the firm, including Rajiv Batra, explained that China’s market has already surrendered much of its outperformance this year, creating what they describe as an attractive entry point. They highlighted a combination of factors poised to support equities — widespread adoption of artificial intelligence, renewed consumption measures, and expectations of governance reforms. The performance setback appears to have reset valuations and left positioning relatively light, paving the way for what JPMorgan analysts see as potentially strong upside ahead.

The shift follows a quarter in which the MSCI China Index dropped around 6.2 percent even as broader regional indices in Asia-Pacific posted modest gains. JPMorgan noted that the Chinese equity market remains in the early stages of recovering from a downcycle that began in late 2020. With valuations now seen as acceptable and investor sentiment subdued, the bank anticipates room for rally once supportive catalysts take hold.

Analysts argue that companies tied to technology and AI stand to benefit most from upcoming tailwinds. Firms previously weighed under regulatory and macroeconomic uncertainty may now attract renewed investor interest, especially where corporate governance improvements and capital discipline have strengthened balance sheets. Entities with exposure to domestic consumption, industrial automation, electric vehicles, and energy storage are viewed as especially well positioned.

Some investors remain cautious, citing lingering macroeconomic headwinds, weak property prices, deflationary pressures and subdued consumer sentiment that have dampened retail participation in equity markets. But for long-term investors with a willingness to absorb volatility, JPMorgan’s call marks a turning point: the market’s immediate downside appears limited while its upside — if China’s growth impulses and structural reforms materialise — could be substantial.

JPMorgan also sees potential gains for Asian equities more broadly. With China, Hong Kong, South Korea and India judged as overweight, and Taiwan as neutral, the bank expects the MSCI Asia ex-Japan Index could rise roughly 15 percent from current levels if global liquidity remains supportive. Regional equities, they argue, may benefit from a reorientation of capital flows away from developed markets towards Asia’s current valuations.

At the same time, the bank’s optimism contrasts with more cautious forecasts from some rivals, which warn earnings uncertainty and high valuations could trigger consolidation rather than a sustained rally. That divergence underscores the highly bifurcated nature of the market: selective positioning may offer rewards, but indiscriminate exposure could remain risky.

Abu Dhabi now offers public rides in fully driverless robotaxis operated jointly by WeRide and Uber, marking the first deployment of such services on the Uber platform outside the United States. Passengers can hail an autonomous vehicle on Yas Island using the Uber app — either through UberX or Uber Comfort — or select the newly added “Autonomous” ride option for a dedicated robotaxi.

The launch follows grant of a city-level commercial permit for Level 4 autonomous driving, issued in late October to WeRide, allowing the company to operate robotaxis without a safety driver on board. Local transport authorities approved the licence after WeRide demonstrated its technology and safety protocols through extensive testing over several months. This regulatory clearance and licensing represent a breakthrough in public acceptance of self-driving mobility in the region.

Initial operations are restricted to the tourist and leisure enclave of Yas Island, home to the Formula 1 Grand Prix circuit, where road traffic and infrastructure are relatively controlled. WeRide and Uber plan to expand coverage into central Abu Dhabi by the end of the year, aiming to broaden the footprint beyond the initial zone. The fleet — managed in collaboration with local operator Tawasul Transport — includes GXR-class robotaxi vehicles equipped with multiple sensors and cameras to navigate urban streets autonomously.

WeRide retains what it describes as a four-year first-mover advantage in deploying robotaxis in Abu Dhabi, having operated test and pilot robotaxi services since 2021. The company’s broader Middle East fleet already includes more than 100 robotaxis, with ambitions to scale into thousands over the coming years. This launch fits into Uber’s global vision for autonomous mobility, which aims to expand driverless operations to at least 10 cities by the end of next year.

Ride-hailing firms and autonomous-vehicle companies have long eyed the Middle East as a favourable terrain for self-driving deployment, thanks to relatively predictable urban layouts, supportive regulators, and growing appetite for smart mobility solutions. For Uber and WeRide, the Abu Dhabi rollout demonstrates that regulatory, technological and commercial challenges can be addressed in unison.

City officials from the Integrated Transport Centre have emphasised that the licensing process required rigorous review of safety standards and compliance steps before granting commercial operator status. WeRide had earlier secured a national-level licence for self-driving vehicles in 2023, and the new city-level permit is among the first of its kind outside the United States. That dual-licence history helped accelerate trust among authorities and the public.

Drivers and ride-hailing staff will still be involved behind the scenes — Uber, through Tawasul Transport, will handle fleet maintenance, cleaning, charging and vehicle readiness, while WeRide retains responsibility for sensor calibration, software updates and compliance. That model reflects a hybrid approach aimed at balancing technology, operations and safety.

Passengers have reacted with cautious optimism. Some early users welcomed the novelty and convenience of driverless rides, especially in a region with extreme weather and limited public transport options. Others raised concerns over reliability, data privacy, and how the autonomous system would respond to unpredictable road events such as pedestrians or errant drivers.

Bahrain has lowered the minimum real estate investment needed to secure its 10-year Golden Residency visa from BD 200,000 to BD 130,000. The adjustment by the Ministry of Interior’s Nationality, Passports and Residence Affairs is expected to boost interest in premium properties and make the residency scheme more accessible to a wider group of investors.

Under the revised threshold, people purchasing property worth at least BD 130,000 now qualify for long-term residence. Previously this benefit was available only to those investing BD 200,000 or more. The Golden Residency programme — launched in 2022 — offers a 10-year renewable permit that allows holders to work, sponsor family members, and enter and exit the kingdom freely. Those migrating under the scheme need not tie their status to an employer or lock in property ownership permanently.

The change may prove timely given growing competition in Gulf real-estate markets. Experts point out that the lower entry cost could reshape demand patterns, especially among mid-to-high net-worth expatriates seeking a base in the Gulf without committing the higher investment required by rival regional programmes. Real estate brokers report a noticeable uptick in enquiries from foreign nationals since the announcement — many exploring apartments and villas that now meet the updated investment threshold.

The authorities emphasised that despite the relaxed investment criteria, the high standards of the Golden Residency system remain intact. Investors must meet all documentation and qualification processes managed by the Ministry of Interior. Other pathways to qualify — including employment of a certain tenure and salary, retirement income or official recognition of exceptional talents — remain unaffected.

For property developers and brokers, the revised threshold may translate into renewed velocity in Bahrain’s high-end property segment. Several luxury residential projects are now being re-marketed, stressing that units previously deemed beyond reach now fall within qualification range. This could lead to increased sales volume, stronger investor inflows, and potentially an uptick in real-estate pricing.

Gulf-region expatriates assessing residency options have long compared the Kingdom’s Golden Residency with similar visas in neighbouring states. The reduced investment bar adds appeal to Bahrain’s model — with its combination of long-term residency, flexibility of employment, opportunity for family sponsorship and comparatively modest financial commitment.

Moscow has moved to ease restrictions on investments tied to digital assets by announcing that major fund managers will be permitted to purchase derivatives linked to cryptocurrencies from early next year. Under this policy shift, the Bank of Russia plans to amend regulations in the first quarter of the upcoming year to allow capital-management firms, previously barred, to engage in futures and options referencing digital currencies.

The initiative marks a departure from earlier policy built around tightly defined access for “specially qualified” investors under a three-year pilot programme unveiled in March, which required individuals to hold over 100 million rubles in securities or earn above 50 million rubles annually. Deputy Finance Minister Ivan Chebeskov confirmed the government is also considering scrapping the “superqual” status entirely, a label proposed for crypto-investors under previous drafts.

The timing aligns with a broader regulatory realignment in which Moscow is both cautioning on crypto risks and expanding permissible use-cases. Earlier this year the central bank issued guidance emphasising that direct cryptocurrency holdings carry significant risk even as it proposed a stepped investment regime for qualified entities. Meanwhile legislators had sanctioned the use of crypto-assets for certain cross-border payments and legalised mining operations in July of last year.

Significant players in the Russian financial sector are already positioning themselves for the shift. Sberbank, the country’s largest lender by assets, reported it had raised 1.3 billion rubles through crypto derivative offerings in recent months and signalled plans to expand the business line further.

Market watchers interpret the regulatory loosening as part of a dual strategy: fostering new sources of capital amid constraints from sanctions, while maintaining supervisory controls on the evolving digital-asset ecosystem. “Allowing derivatives tied to cryptocurrencies is a big step—Russian funds were previously excluded,” said one analyst at a Moscow-based brokerage. At the same time, the analyst warned that “the oversight framework remains immature and the risks of liquidity, valuation and sanctions remain.”

Critics caution that letting traditional investment firms access crypto-linked instruments could raise systemic vulnerabilities. The European Union has recently targeted stablecoin-linked Russian entities under sanctions, and anti-money-laundering regulators flagged the region as high-risk, particularly in flows tied to offshore crypto trading.

Regulators in Moscow underline that the institutional gateway is intended to provide a controlled environment. The Bank of Russia’s earlier proposal for an experimental legal regime limited participation to investors meeting strict asset or income thresholds and required intermediaries to ensure transparency of transactions. It did not allow cryptocurrencies to be used as payment for goods and services.

As the investment window broadens, industry participants expect asset management firms to bring structured products to market, linking outcomes to benchmark crypto indices rather than direct holdings of tokens. “Derivatives give firms a means to hedge and gain exposure without custody of coins,” noted a fund-manager in Moscow. However, he added that regulatory clarity on taxation, disclosure, and cross-border transfers is still lacking.

The government’s removal of the “superqual” status could widen the investor base further, allowing mid-sized firms and high-net-worth individuals access to asset classes previously off-limits. This move may increase competition, as offshore platforms draw new Russian clients frustrated by domestic restrictions.

At the same time, the expanded framework raises questions about how Russia’s risk-management infrastructure will evolve. The central bank has repeatedly warned that cryptocurrencies remain speculative and not backed by the state; ongoing amendments to legislation will need to address issues of market integrity, investor protection and sanctions compliance.

VISHNU RAJA
RYO YAMADA
HITORI GOTOH
IKUYO KITA
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