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The proposed deal centres on AMD’s latest data centre-grade accelerators, designed to rival dominant offerings in the global AI chip market. Upstage, known for its large language model development and enterprise AI services, is positioning the potential purchase as a step towards building sovereign computing capabilities within Korea, where demand for generative AI infrastructure is rising sharply across finance, manufacturing and public-sector applications.

People familiar with the discussions indicate that the scale of the planned acquisition reflects both immediate computational needs and longer-term ambitions to establish a domestic AI ecosystem capable of training and deploying advanced models without depending heavily on foreign cloud providers. The move aligns with broader efforts in several countries to localise AI infrastructure amid geopolitical concerns and supply chain constraints.

AMD has been expanding its footprint in AI hardware as companies seek alternatives to entrenched suppliers. Its latest accelerators, part of the MI300 series, are designed to handle large-scale model training and inference workloads with improved memory bandwidth and energy efficiency. Industry analysts view Upstage’s interest as a sign that AMD’s strategy of targeting hyperscalers and emerging AI players is gaining traction beyond North America.

Upstage has grown steadily since its founding, focusing on document processing, natural language understanding and enterprise automation. Its proprietary models have been deployed across industries including banking and legal services, where demand for domain-specific AI solutions continues to expand. Executives at the company have previously emphasised the need for greater control over computing resources, citing cost volatility and limited access to high-performance GPUs as barriers to scaling.

Securing a large volume of accelerators could enable Upstage to train more advanced models locally while offering competitive AI services to regional clients. It also positions the company to compete with larger global players that benefit from extensive infrastructure investments. Market observers note that access to compute power has become a defining factor in the AI race, with startups increasingly seeking direct hardware procurement rather than relying solely on cloud-based capacity.

The discussions come amid tightening supply conditions for AI chips, driven by surging demand from technology firms, research institutions and governments. Export controls and trade restrictions have further complicated access to advanced semiconductors, prompting countries in Asia and Europe to accelerate domestic capacity-building initiatives. Korea, home to major semiconductor manufacturers, has been exploring strategies to strengthen its position across the AI value chain.

Government-backed initiatives have aimed to support AI development through funding, talent programmes and infrastructure investments. The potential deal between Upstage and AMD reflects private-sector momentum complementing these policy efforts, as companies seek to capitalise on the growing importance of AI across economic sectors.

Competition in the AI hardware market has intensified as AMD, Intel and other players attempt to challenge established leaders. While Nvidia maintains a dominant position, particularly in training large language models, customers are increasingly evaluating alternative suppliers to diversify risk and manage costs. AMD’s recent partnerships with cloud providers and enterprise customers highlight a shift towards a more competitive landscape.

Analysts caution that large-scale procurement of accelerators involves significant logistical and operational challenges, including data centre readiness, energy consumption and integration with existing software frameworks. Upstage would need to invest in infrastructure and engineering capabilities to fully utilise the hardware, particularly if it aims to build a self-sufficient AI platform within Korea.

At the same time, the strategic implications extend beyond a single company. A successful deployment of large-scale compute resources by Upstage could encourage other regional players to pursue similar investments, contributing to a broader decentralisation of AI development. This trend could reshape how AI capabilities are distributed globally, reducing the concentration of computing power in a handful of technology hubs.

The vessels, loaded with LPG cargoes, are following a path similar to that taken by earlier ships that received clearance to transit the narrow waterway. Industry observers say hugging the Iranian side of the strait may reflect efforts to minimise exposure to potential risks amid heightened scrutiny of maritime movements in the region. The Strait of Hormuz, through which a significant share of global oil and gas exports passes, has long been vulnerable to disruption during periods of political friction.

Shipping analysts note that the altered routing strategy has become more visible as operators weigh safety considerations against the need to maintain steady energy flows. The decision to steer closer to Iran’s coast does not necessarily indicate a change in official navigation guidelines but highlights the adaptability of commercial shipping in response to perceived threats. Maritime insurers and charterers have been closely monitoring developments, with premiums and risk assessments adjusting in line with evolving conditions.

India’s reliance on imported LPG has grown steadily over the past decade, driven by expanding domestic consumption and government-backed programmes aimed at increasing access to cleaner cooking fuels. As a result, uninterrupted maritime supply chains are critical for meeting demand. The movement of Indian-flagged vessels through Hormuz carries added significance given the country’s position as a major energy importer and its exposure to volatility in global shipping lanes.

The route taken by these vessels follows earlier transits that were understood to have been cleared through established maritime coordination channels. While no formal restrictions have been imposed on passage through the strait, heightened alert levels in surrounding waters have prompted shipowners to adopt precautionary measures. These include adjustments to sailing speeds, increased onboard vigilance, and coordination with naval authorities in the region.

Tensions in West Asia have periodically raised concerns about the security of shipping through Hormuz. Episodes involving vessel seizures, drone activity, and naval manoeuvres have reinforced the strategic sensitivity of the waterway. Although large-scale disruptions have been avoided, even limited incidents can have ripple effects across global energy markets, influencing freight rates, insurance costs, and delivery schedules.

Market participants indicate that LPG shipments have remained largely uninterrupted, but logistical complexities have increased. Charter rates for gas carriers have shown signs of volatility, reflecting both demand dynamics and risk premiums associated with transiting high-risk zones. Traders and refiners are factoring in longer voyage times and potential delays when planning cargo movements.

Officials and industry executives emphasise that international maritime law guarantees freedom of navigation through straits used for international transit, including Hormuz. However, the practical execution of that principle often depends on the prevailing security environment. Naval patrols by regional and international forces continue to play a role in deterring threats and ensuring safe passage for commercial vessels.

Energy analysts point out that India sources LPG from multiple suppliers, including producers in West Asia and beyond, making the Hormuz route indispensable. Any sustained disruption could have implications for domestic supply chains, pricing, and inventory management. At the same time, diversification strategies, including alternative sourcing and storage capacity expansion, are being explored to mitigate potential risks.

The movement of the two LPG carriers also reflects broader trends in global shipping behaviour, where operators increasingly rely on real-time intelligence and data analytics to inform routing decisions. Advances in vessel tracking and communication technologies have enhanced situational awareness, enabling more responsive navigation strategies in sensitive regions.

Shipping companies have also strengthened coordination with flag states and port authorities to ensure compliance with safety advisories and regulatory requirements. Crew training and contingency planning have gained prominence, with a focus on preparedness for a range of scenarios, from mechanical issues to security incidents.

High-end resorts along the Andaman coast and landmark properties in Bangkok have introduced significant discounts, extended stay packages and exclusive local offers to offset a slowdown in foreign arrivals. Industry executives describe a shift in booking patterns, with cancellations rising in key long-haul markets and advance reservations thinning compared with earlier projections.

Tourism has long been central to Thailand’s economic model, contributing a substantial share of gross domestic product and supporting millions of jobs. The luxury segment, in particular, relies heavily on affluent visitors from Europe, the Middle East, China and North America, many of whom plan trips months in advance. Heightened regional tensions and broader global uncertainties have altered those patterns, prompting travellers to reconsider long-haul leisure plans.

Hotel operators report that destinations such as Phuket, Krabi and Koh Samui—traditionally magnets for premium travellers—have experienced a noticeable drop in occupancy rates at the top end of the market. In Bangkok, riverside hotels and internationally branded properties are also seeing softer demand from overseas guests, especially in the high-spending segments that underpin profitability.

To cushion the impact, hotels have rolled out targeted campaigns aimed at residents and expatriates. Weekend staycation deals, dining credits, spa packages and family-oriented promotions have become more prominent. Some properties are offering discounts of 20 to 40 per cent compared with standard peak-season rates, while others are bundling experiences to maintain revenue per guest despite lower room prices.

Industry analysts say the strategy reflects both necessity and opportunity. While domestic travellers typically spend less than international tourists, their presence can help maintain occupancy levels, keep staff employed and sustain ancillary revenue streams such as food and beverage services. Hotels are also leveraging loyalty programmes and partnerships with local banks and airlines to attract repeat customers.

Executives within major hospitality groups indicate that flexibility has become essential. Pricing is being adjusted more frequently in response to shifting demand signals, and marketing efforts are increasingly focused on short-haul markets that may be less sensitive to geopolitical developments. Regional travellers from Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia are being courted alongside domestic guests.

The slowdown in foreign arrivals is not uniform across all markets. Some segments, including travellers from neighbouring countries, continue to show resilience, though not enough to fully offset declines from traditional long-haul sources. Chinese outbound tourism, a key driver before the pandemic, remains uneven, adding another layer of uncertainty for hotel operators.

Government agencies have sought to reassure visitors by emphasising safety measures and the country’s established tourism infrastructure. Promotional campaigns highlighting cultural attractions, wellness tourism and culinary experiences are being amplified to sustain Thailand’s global appeal. However, industry participants acknowledge that external factors—particularly geopolitical tensions—are largely beyond their control.

Airline capacity and flight connectivity also play a critical role. Any reduction in routes or frequency can quickly translate into fewer arrivals, affecting hotel bookings across the spectrum. Conversely, competitive airfares and improved connectivity could help stimulate demand once conditions stabilise.

Luxury hotel operators are also reassessing cost structures to preserve margins. Energy efficiency initiatives, staffing adjustments and renegotiation of supplier contracts are among the measures being implemented. At the same time, there is caution against excessive discounting that could dilute brand positioning in the long term.

Tourism experts note that Thailand has demonstrated resilience in past crises, including political unrest, natural disasters and global health emergencies. Recovery patterns have often been swift once external conditions improve, supported by strong brand recognition and diversified tourism offerings.

The current environment, however, underscores the vulnerability of high-end hospitality to global shocks. Dependence on international travellers exposes the sector to sudden demand fluctuations, prompting calls for a more balanced mix of domestic and regional tourism.

Hotel groups are increasingly investing in digital marketing and data analytics to better understand changing consumer behaviour. Personalised offers, dynamic pricing models and targeted advertising campaigns are being used to capture demand in a more competitive landscape.

Speaking during engagements in China, Cook highlighted the “extraordinary” role of local developers in Apple’s ecosystem and emphasised the company’s long-standing collaboration with suppliers and technology partners across the country. The remarks came at a time when Beijing has intensified oversight of foreign technology firms and promoted domestic alternatives, raising questions about the operating environment for global companies.

China remains central to Apple’s business, both as a manufacturing hub and as one of its largest consumer markets. A substantial share of the company’s iPhones, iPads and Mac computers are assembled through an intricate network of suppliers led by firms such as Foxconn and Pegatron. At the same time, the country contributes a significant portion of Apple’s revenue, with urban consumers forming a key segment for premium smartphone sales.

Cook’s comments appeared calibrated to reinforce Apple’s commitment to China while avoiding direct reference to the regulatory challenges. Officials in Beijing have tightened rules governing data security, app distribution and foreign technology usage within state-affiliated institutions. These measures have created uncertainty for international companies, particularly those reliant on digital services and hardware integration.

Apple has faced periodic restrictions affecting its ecosystem, including limitations on certain apps and services. Reports of curbs on iPhone use in government-linked workplaces have added to concerns about demand stability, although the company has not publicly confirmed the extent of such measures. Analysts note that even incremental policy shifts can have a disproportionate impact given Apple’s scale in the market.

Cook’s outreach to developers underscores another strategic priority. China hosts one of the largest communities of iOS app creators, contributing to the global App Store economy. By highlighting their role, Apple is reinforcing the narrative that its platform supports local innovation and entrepreneurship, a message aligned with Beijing’s broader push for technological self-reliance.

At the same time, Apple has been diversifying parts of its supply chain beyond China, expanding production in countries such as India and Vietnam. This shift reflects lessons drawn from pandemic-related disruptions and escalating trade tensions between Washington and Beijing. However, industry experts caution that replicating China’s manufacturing ecosystem elsewhere remains a complex and long-term undertaking, given its scale, skilled workforce and logistics infrastructure.

Market dynamics within China are also evolving rapidly. Domestic smartphone brands, including Huawei, Xiaomi and Oppo, have intensified competition, particularly in the high-end segment where Apple has traditionally maintained strong margins. Huawei’s resurgence, supported by advances in semiconductor capability despite earlier sanctions, has altered the competitive landscape and placed additional pressure on foreign players.

Cook’s remarks can be seen as part of a broader effort to sustain goodwill with Chinese authorities and stakeholders while navigating these shifts. Maintaining strong relationships with local partners is essential not only for production continuity but also for regulatory compliance and market access.

Investors are closely monitoring Apple’s positioning in China, viewing it as a bellwether for broader trends affecting multinational technology firms. Any prolonged slowdown in demand or disruption in supply chains could have implications for global revenue and earnings forecasts. At the same time, Apple’s brand strength and ecosystem integration continue to provide a degree of resilience, particularly among affluent consumers.

Government policy remains a critical variable. Beijing has signalled support for domestic technology champions while also seeking to attract foreign investment, creating a dual-track approach that can be difficult for companies to interpret. For Apple, balancing these competing dynamics requires careful messaging and operational flexibility.

SIM Academy (SIMA), the professional development arm of the Singapore Institute of Management, offers programmes that support several capability areas highlighted in Singapore’s workforce insights. According to SkillsFuture Singapore’s Skills Demand for the Future Economy report, emerging demand is being shaped by growth in the digital, green and care economies, alongside transferable capabilities such as business management and data-related skills. These trends reflect the increasing importance of capabilities such as data and artificial intelligence literacy, cyber resilience awareness, sustainability and ESG knowledge, project management and delivery, as well as risk management and strategic planning. SIMA’s professional development programmes are designed to help working professionals build competencies in these areas as organisations adapt to technological change and sustainability priorities.

Global labour market analysis supports this shift. The World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report identifies AI and big data, networks and cybersecurity, and technological literacy among the fastest growing skills worldwide as organisations adopt digital technologies and automation.

In Singapore, workforce insights from SkillsFuture Singapore SSG and Workforce Singapore WSG highlight growing demand for skills aligned with the digital, green and care economies, alongside transferable competencies such as project management, risk assessment and digital tool proficiency.

Among the emerging capabilities, data and AI literacy is becoming increasingly important across industries as organisations adopt data driven decision making and artificial intelligence enabled tools. According to the World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report, AI and big data are among the fastest growing skill areas globally as companies accelerate digital transformation. In Singapore, organisations including small and medium sized enterprises are also exploring practical ways to adopt AI in their operations. To support this need, SIM Academy offers programmes focused on digital innovation and emerging technologies. These include AI.dea: An AI Bridge Programme, developed in collaboration with Singtel, that helps SMEs develop actionable AI adoption strategies and prepare for scalable AI implementation.

Another skill gaining prominence is cybersecurity, which increasingly affects organisations of all sizes and sectors. In Singapore, the growing importance of cybersecurity skills is reflected in national workforce and digital economy priorities. SIM Academy supports capability building in this area through selected programmes for different audiences. These include Cyber Resilience programmes for corporate learners, as well as cybersecurity training offered under the SkillsFuture Career Transition Programme SCTP. Together, these programmes support workforce development in cybersecurity and organisational resilience in an increasingly digital operating environment.

Singapore’s sustainability agenda is also shaping workforce needs. With the government advancing initiatives under the Singapore Green Plan 2030, businesses are strengthening capabilities related to sustainability strategy and ESG practices. SIM Academy offers sustainability focused programmes such as Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainability, which equips professionals with knowledge in LCA frameworks, enhance sustainability decision-making and strategic sustainability and compliance.

Organisations are also prioritising risk management and strategic planning capabilities as they navigate evolving geopolitical, technological and economic uncertainties. SIM Academy’s leadership and management programmes help professionals develop strategic thinking, systems leadership and decision making capabilities relevant to today’s complex business environment.

SIMA offers more than 300 professional development courses across areas such as management and leadership, digital innovation and sustainability. These programmes are designed to support working professionals in upgrading their skills and staying competitive in a rapidly changing economy.

References:

1. SIM Academy Professional Development – https://www.sim.edu.sg/professional-development/overview
2. SIM Academy Course Listings – https://www.sim.edu.sg/professional-development/courses/course-listing
3. Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Organisation – https://www.sim.edu.sg/professional-development/courses/course-listing/life-cycle-assessment-for-sustainable-organisations
4. PMP Prep Course – https://www.sim.edu.sg/professional-development/courses/course-listing/project-management-professional-pmp-l4-sfw
5. World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report – https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/
6. SkillsFuture Singapore Skills Demand for the Future Economy Report – https://jobsandskills.skillsfuture.gov.sg/insights/sdfe
7. Singapore Green Plan 2030 – https://www.greenplan.gov.sg/
8. SkillsFuture Singapore Green Skills Committee Report – https://www.ssg.gov.sg/newsroom/green-skills-committee-report-identifies-green-skills-and-training-pathways-needed-for-a-low-carbon-economy-/
9. Ministry of Education / SkillsFuture Singapore speech on skills demand – https://www.moe.gov.sg/news/speeches/20250122-opening-address-by-ms-gan-siow-huang-minister-of-state-ministry-of-education-for-the-launch-of-the-skills-demand-for-the-future-economy-report-2025-marina-bay-sands-expo-and-convention-centre
10. MyCareersFuture CareersCompass insights on future skills – https://content.mycareersfuture.gov.sg/futureproof-career-top-demand-skills-2025/

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About SIM Academy

SIM Academy provides leading-edge professional development and enterprise solutions. SIM Academy offers over 300 executive and business programmes that help almost 10,000 professionals annually on average hone their competencies to drive business value and achieve peak personal and enterprise performance.

Our programmes encompass a comprehensive range of lifelong learning opportunities designed to empower professionals with the knowledge, skills, and competencies necessary to become effective change-makers and leaders in today’s volatile and uncertain business landscape.

For more information on SIM Academy, visit sim.edu.sg