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The Union Minister for Electronics and Information Technology, Railways and Information and Broadcasting made the remarks at the ground-breaking ceremony of the Google Cloud India AI Hub in Visakhapatnam, a project carrying an estimated investment of $15 billion. The facility, planned with Adani ConneX and Airtel Nxtra, will include a 1GW hyperscale AI data centre, with about 600 acres allocated across Turluvada, Rambilli and Adavivaram in Andhra Pradesh.

Vaishnaw’s comments reflect a broader policy effort to shift India’s role from assembly-led electronics manufacturing to deeper participation in global technology supply chains. The government is seeking to build domestic capability across finished devices, modules, sub-modules, components, raw materials, tools and manufacturing machinery, a progression seen as essential for reducing import dependence and gaining a larger share of global production.

Mobile phones remain the strongest evidence of that transition. Electronics production has risen from about ₹1.9 lakh crore in 2014-15 to about ₹11.3 lakh crore in 2024-25, while electronics exports climbed from about ₹38,000 crore to about ₹3.3 lakh crore over the same period. Mobile phone production expanded from about ₹18,000 crore to roughly ₹5.5 lakh crore, and mobile phone exports rose from about ₹1,500 crore to nearly ₹2 lakh crore, making the category one of the country’s most visible export successes.

Smartphones have become a leading export product, with Apple, Samsung, Tata Electronics, Foxconn, Dixon Technologies and other manufacturers playing prominent roles in the production ecosystem. The shift has been supported by the Production Linked Incentive scheme for large-scale electronics manufacturing, which helped attract global brands and contract manufacturers to expand capacity. The sector’s next phase, however, will depend less on assembly incentives and more on the availability of components, precision engineering, skilled labour, predictable taxation and faster logistics.

The Google Cloud project adds a digital infrastructure dimension to this manufacturing agenda. Vaishnaw urged global technology companies, including Google, to consider manufacturing servers, GPUs and chips in the country, arguing that the domestic data centre boom could create demand for high-value electronics and advanced computing hardware. Visakhapatnam is being positioned as an artificial intelligence hub, with subsea cable links expected to improve global connectivity through routes connecting Australia, the Middle East, Europe, Africa and the United States.

Semiconductors are the most strategic part of the plan. The India Semiconductor Mission has already helped draw investment into assembly, testing, marking and packaging facilities, chip design centres and fabrication proposals. Approved projects across several states include packaging units, display driver chip capacity and compound semiconductor facilities. The sector remains capital-intensive and technologically demanding, and India is entering a field dominated by Taiwan, South Korea, the United States, Japan, the Netherlands and China. Timelines, execution quality and ecosystem depth will determine whether the country can move beyond packaging and design services into higher-value production.

The government’s target of building a $500 billion domestic electronics ecosystem by 2030-31 is ambitious. It requires not only export-led growth but also a domestic supplier base for printed circuit boards, camera modules, batteries, displays, sensors, connectors, power electronics and semiconductor materials. Without local component depth, headline export gains can mask high import content, limiting value addition and leaving manufacturers exposed to currency swings and global supply disruptions.

Industry executives have generally welcomed the policy focus but continue to point to operational challenges. High logistics costs, customs procedures, dependence on imported inputs, limited component clusters, power quality, land acquisition delays and uneven state-level implementation remain constraints. Global companies also compare India with Vietnam, Mexico, Malaysia and Thailand when allocating production, making policy certainty and execution speed critical.

Labour availability is one of India’s advantages. Electronics manufacturing has generated large-scale employment, including substantial hiring of young women in assembly lines and component facilities. This has helped states such as Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat compete for investment. Yet sustained growth will require improvements in industrial training, factory housing, transport, safety standards and career progression, particularly as production moves from assembly to precision manufacturing.

Geopolitics has created an opening. Companies are diversifying supply chains because of trade tensions, tariff risks, pandemic-era disruptions and concerns over concentration in China. India’s democratic institutions, large market, engineering talent and improving infrastructure make it a credible candidate for “China plus one” strategies. The challenge is to convert interest into anchored manufacturing networks that include suppliers, tooling companies, testing labs, logistics providers and research partnerships.

Asian equities advanced sharply on Monday as artificial intelligence-linked chipmakers in South Korea and Taiwan drove regional benchmarks back towards record territory, erasing the losses triggered by the Iran war and restoring investor appetite for technology-heavy markets.

The MSCI Asia Pacific Index rose as much as 2.3 per cent on May 4, its strongest intraday gain since April 8, while the MSCI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Index climbed as much as 2.9 per cent. Benchmarks in South Korea and Taiwan, both heavily exposed to the semiconductor supply chain, gained more than 4 per cent each as investors moved back into companies seen as central to the global AI build-out.

The rally was led by the region’s dominant AI hardware suppliers, including Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix. These companies sit at crucial points of the AI infrastructure chain, from advanced foundry production to high-bandwidth memory chips used in data centres and graphics processors. Strong earnings from US technology groups have reinforced expectations that capital spending on AI servers, accelerators and cloud infrastructure will remain elevated through 2026.

TSMC has become the clearest symbol of that shift. The world’s largest contract chipmaker posted a 58 per cent jump in first-quarter net profit to a record level, supported by demand for AI processors, and guided second-quarter revenue to $39 billion to $40.2 billion. Its first-quarter revenue rose 35 per cent from a year earlier to about $35.7 billion, underlining the scale of orders tied to advanced computing.

Samsung’s semiconductor division also delivered a major earnings rebound, reporting 53.7 trillion won in operating profit for the first quarter on 81.7 trillion won in revenue. The group said memory sales were lifted by AI-related demand and tight supply, even as its mobile and display businesses faced margin pressure from higher component costs.

SK Hynix has benefited from its strong position in high-bandwidth memory, a category that has become central to AI accelerator performance. Demand from data centre operators and chip designers has pushed memory makers into long-term supply arrangements, with shortages expected to extend into 2027 as customers reserve capacity years ahead.

Taiwan’s broader market has also gained from the AI trade. The island’s economy expanded 13.69 per cent in the first quarter, its fastest annual pace in nearly four decades, supported by a surge in exports tied to AI hardware. Taiwan has overtaken Canada to become the world’s sixth-largest stock market by value, helped by TSMC’s rise and investor demand for companies embedded in advanced chip manufacturing.

Investor confidence has been strengthened by Nvidia’s expanding Asian supply chain. Its partners now span foundries, memory suppliers, electronics assemblers and companies linked to robotics and so-called physical AI. The shift has widened the rally beyond a handful of chip names, lifting component makers and specialist suppliers that provide substrates, packaging, power management and memory-related technologies.

The rebound also reflects a broader reassessment of geopolitical risk. The Iran war initially prompted investors to cut exposure to export-oriented and energy-importing markets, particularly those vulnerable to shipping disruptions and higher fuel costs. Yet the scale of AI-related earnings growth has helped offset those concerns, with funds favouring economies that are directly tied to semiconductor demand and less dependent on domestic consumption.

South Korea’s Kospi has been one of the year’s standout performers, supported by Samsung, SK Hynix and other technology exporters. Taiwan’s Taiex has also outperformed as investors price in continued demand for advanced nodes, AI servers and high-performance computing. The concentration of gains, however, has increased concerns that regional indices are becoming more dependent on a narrow set of semiconductor companies.

Valuations remain a key risk. Share prices in several AI-linked companies have risen faster than earnings forecasts, leaving markets exposed to any slowdown in capital expenditure by US cloud providers or delays in chip production. Memory supply shortages may support pricing in the near term, but they could also raise costs for downstream electronics makers and intensify competition among suppliers expanding capacity.

Currency movements have added another layer to the market response. A weaker won has supported earnings translation for South Korean exporters, while Taiwan’s market has drawn stronger foreign inflows on expectations that AI-linked exports will keep growth elevated. Japan’s yen strengthened during Monday’s regional trading, reflecting a mix of safe-haven demand and shifting expectations around monetary policy.

Japan’s yen rallied sharply against the dollar on Friday as traders braced for further official action from Tokyo after suspected currency intervention jolted global markets during a packed week of central bank decisions.

The dollar fell to around 155.60 yen at one point in London trading, before recovering part of the move to trade near 156.40. The rebound in the yen followed a dramatic reversal on Thursday, when the Japanese currency strengthened by about 3 per cent after the dollar briefly climbed above 160 yen, a level widely viewed in markets as politically sensitive for Tokyo.

Japan’s top currency official Atsushi Mimura said authorities remained concerned about speculative moves and were watching markets closely. Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama had already warned that Tokyo was ready to take decisive action if currency movements became disorderly. The comments reinforced market expectations that further intervention could follow, particularly during Japan’s Golden Week holiday period, when thinner trading conditions can magnify exchange-rate swings.

Bank of Japan money-market data suggested authorities may have spent about 5.48 trillion yen, or roughly $35 billion, to support the currency on Thursday. The scale would be close to the size of Japan’s July 2024 intervention, when authorities moved after the yen weakened to a 38-year low near 162 per dollar. Tokyo typically does not confirm intervention immediately, preferring to disclose monthly figures later, but unusually large projected fund flows at the central bank often provide an early signal of official activity.

The pressure on the yen has been building for months as the interest-rate gap between Japan and the United States remains wide. The Bank of Japan kept its policy rate at around 0.75 per cent this week, although three board members dissented and argued for a rise to 1 per cent. That split underlined growing concern inside the central bank that imported inflation, higher energy costs and yen weakness could feed into domestic prices.

The Federal Reserve also left rates unchanged, keeping its target range at 3.5 to 3.75 per cent. The gap between US and Japanese yields continues to encourage carry trades, in which investors borrow cheaply in yen and invest in higher-yielding dollar assets. Such positioning has made the yen vulnerable whenever markets believe Tokyo’s warnings lack force.

The intervention threat gained urgency after oil prices climbed on concerns over disruption linked to the Iran conflict and risks around the Strait of Hormuz. Japan, heavily dependent on imported energy, faces a double blow from higher crude prices and a weaker currency, which raises the local cost of fuel, food and raw materials. That dynamic complicates the Bank of Japan’s effort to normalise policy gradually without damaging a fragile recovery.

The broader central bank backdrop added to volatility. The European Central Bank kept its deposit rate at 2 per cent while signalling that inflation risks had intensified. The Bank of England held Bank Rate at 3.75 per cent in an 8-1 vote, with one policymaker favouring an increase. Across major economies, policymakers are balancing weaker growth signals against renewed price pressures from energy and supply disruptions.

Currency traders said Japan’s challenge is that intervention can slow a slide but rarely reverses a trend unless supported by monetary policy or a shift in global rates. A one-off operation may force investors to cut speculative positions, but renewed dollar strength can quickly restore pressure on the yen if US yields remain elevated and the Bank of Japan moves cautiously.

The timing of the suspected intervention was also significant. With European markets partly thinned by the May Day holiday and Japan heading into an extended holiday stretch, liquidity conditions were expected to remain fragile. Authorities have often chosen moments of thin trading to maximise the impact of currency operations, but such moves also increase the risk of sudden reversals when full market participation returns.

For households and companies in Japan, the exchange-rate battle has direct economic consequences. A weaker yen benefits exporters by raising the value of overseas earnings, but it also lifts import bills and squeezes consumers through higher costs. Large manufacturers have been able to absorb some of the pressure, while smaller businesses reliant on imported inputs face tighter margins.