News related to
prices

Dubai Holding, a leading global investment conglomerate, has announced the listing of its Dubai Residential Real Estate Investment Trust on the Dubai Financial Market . This marks the first initial public offering in Dubai for the year, reflecting the continuing strength of the emirate’s thriving property sector.

The Dubai Residential Reit, a sharia-compliant fund that generates income through investments in residential real estate, is set to offer 1.625 billion units, representing 12.5 per cent of the total stake in the trust. Dham Investments, a fully owned subsidiary of Dubai Holding, is behind the move, aiming to diversify the company’s portfolio and expand its reach in the regional real estate market.

The subscription period for the offering will run from May 13 to May 20, 2025. After this, the final offer price will be disclosed on May 21, with the trading of the Reit’s units expected to commence on the Dubai Financial Market on May 28, 2025. The offer is poised to attract a wide range of investors, from institutional to retail, as the Dubai property market continues to attract significant interest from global investors.

The Dubai property market has shown remarkable resilience in the face of global economic challenges, with both residential and commercial segments witnessing robust growth. With high demand for luxury homes, rental properties, and mixed-use developments, the Reit presents a strategic opportunity for investors to gain exposure to the lucrative Dubai real estate market.

This IPO comes amid a boom in the emirate’s property market, fuelled by strong investor confidence, favourable government policies, and an influx of expatriates looking to secure a foothold in one of the world’s most dynamic cities. Dubai’s real estate market has been one of the most resilient globally, thanks to a range of measures introduced by the government to attract foreign investment, including long-term residency options for investors and property owners.

The listing is also significant for Dubai Holding, which has consistently sought to diversify its investment portfolio across various sectors, including real estate, hospitality, and technology. As one of the largest investment companies in the UAE, Dubai Holding’s strategic shift into the publicly traded real estate space could potentially open doors for further capital raising and market expansion in the region.

The offering is expected to draw attention not only from regional investors but also from international funds, as Dubai continues to be a top destination for global real estate investments. With property prices expected to maintain upward momentum in the coming months, the timing of the IPO could prove advantageous, particularly as Dubai continues to grow as an international business hub.

The Dubai Residential Reit has a strong portfolio of residential assets, strategically located in prime areas across the emirate. These properties are anticipated to generate consistent rental income, making the Reit an attractive investment for those seeking exposure to Dubai’s booming property market without the complexity of direct property ownership. Investors will also benefit from the fund’s income-distributing structure, with regular dividend payouts projected over time.

The IPO follows Dubai Holding’s broader strategy of strengthening its presence in key sectors and diversifying its investment base. With the growing demand for real estate in the region, Dubai Holding’s decision to list the Reit is seen as a move to unlock value from its high-quality assets while expanding its footprint in the public capital markets.

As with all public offerings, the success of this IPO will depend on the investor appetite, market conditions, and the overall economic landscape. Despite this, Dubai’s real estate sector remains resilient, buoyed by strong fundamentals and continuous infrastructure development that supports both residential and commercial property demand.

The Dubai Financial Market has positioned itself as a key player in the region’s capital markets, and the listing of Dubai Residential Reit is expected to contribute to further growth in market activity. It marks a significant milestone for the DFM, which has seen a series of successful listings in recent years, strengthening its position as a leading financial hub in the Middle East.

Dubai’s equity market emerged as the top performer among Gulf Cooperation Council bourses in April 2025, registering a 4.1% gain driven by robust activity in the real estate and banking sectors. This contrasts with the broader S&P GCC Composite Index, which declined by 1% during the same period, reflecting mixed performances across the region amid fluctuating oil prices and global trade uncertainties.

The banking sector played a pivotal role in Dubai’s market ascent. Dubai Islamic Bank , the largest Sharia-compliant lender in the UAE, reported an 8% year-on-year increase in net profit for the first quarter of 2025. This growth was underpinned by a 7% rise in net financing and sukuk investments, reaching AED 212 billion. DIB’s asset quality improved significantly, with impairment charges dropping by 71% to AED 407 million and the non-performing financing ratio decreasing to 4%. The bank’s shares responded positively, posting a 5.4% gain in April.

In the real estate sector, Emaar Properties experienced a 1.5% decline in its stock price, contributing to a 0.4% dip in Dubai’s main index on April 30. Despite this, the overall monthly performance remained strong, bolstered by gains in other financial institutions. Emirates NBD, for instance, saw its shares rise by 1.2%, reflecting investor confidence in the banking sector’s resilience.

Abu Dhabi’s stock market also recorded positive movement, with its index climbing 1.8% in April. First Abu Dhabi Bank , the UAE’s largest lender by assets, exceeded first-quarter profit expectations, reporting a 23% year-on-year increase in net profit to AED 5.13 billion. This performance was driven by a substantial rise in non-interest income, which grew by 22% to AED 3.8 billion. FAB’s strategic restructuring, including the appointment of Linos Lekkas as head of investment banking and a reorganisation into four operational divisions, has been positively received by investors, with the bank’s shares gaining 8.7% over the month.

Qatar’s equity markets posted a 2.2% growth in April, supported by a 1.4% increase in Qatar Islamic Bank shares. However, the broader market sentiment was tempered by declines in other sectors, such as a drop in Qatar Gas Transport’s stock ahead of its earnings report.

In contrast, Saudi Arabia’s main index experienced a slight decline of 0.1% on April 30, influenced by falling oil prices and weaker corporate earnings. Saudi Aramco’s shares fell by 0.6%, while Americana Restaurants International saw a 2.2% decrease following a drop in quarterly profits. Alinma Bank’s stock also declined by 1.2% due to a sequential drop in quarterly profits.

Oil prices fell sharply following OPEC+’s decision to boost output, sparking fears of a global supply glut as demand struggles under the weight of ongoing trade tensions. The agreement reached at the group’s meeting on Saturday saw leaders of the alliance, which includes key producers like Saudi Arabia, Russia, and others, pushing for a significant increase in production. This shift aims to penalise nations that have exceeded their production quotas, notably Kazakhstan. The move, however, has drawn concern from analysts, who warn that further supply increases could exacerbate an already fragile market.

Brent crude, the global benchmark, plummeted by as much as 4.6% at the start of the week, dipping to around $58 a barrel. Meanwhile, West Texas Intermediate saw similar losses, nearing $56 per barrel. This decline marks a significant departure from the earlier momentum in the oil markets, where prices had seen steady gains amid hopes for recovery from global economic slowdowns.

The decision to raise output comes amid an already oversupplied market, with oil producers grappling with the dual challenges of muted demand and an ongoing trade war between major economies. Experts point to the trade dispute between the United States and China as a key factor driving global uncertainty. The tension has disrupted trade flows, suppressed consumer confidence, and led to a slowdown in economic growth, all of which have negatively impacted demand for oil.

The OPEC+ agreement was driven by a desire to exert control over the oil market and curb overproduction by certain members. Kazakhstan, in particular, had been producing more than its share of the agreed output, prompting OPEC+ to take action. While the group has long sought to enforce production limits to stabilise prices, the recent decision to increase supply—at a time when demand remains weak—has raised questions about the balance between supply and demand.

Experts are now analysing the long-term consequences of this policy shift, with many cautioning that the extra supply could further depress prices if demand fails to pick up in the coming months. Economists note that the global trade environment remains volatile, with growth projections for key oil-consuming nations being revised downward. The trade war between the US and China, the world’s two largest economies, continues to overshadow the global outlook, weighing heavily on both manufacturing and consumer demand.

Another factor adding to the complexity of the oil market is the shifting energy landscape. As countries transition toward renewable energy sources and electric vehicles, the traditional demand for fossil fuels is being redefined. Oil companies are already facing mounting pressure from governments and environmental groups to reduce their carbon footprints, which could further dampen future demand for oil.

In response to these challenges, OPEC+ has stated that it will continue to monitor the market and adjust its policies accordingly. However, the recent price drop has raised doubts about whether the group’s strategy is sustainable in the long term. While the alliance has managed to keep oil prices relatively stable over the past few years, there are concerns that the increasing production targets could lead to a supply glut that could destabilise the market further.

At the same time, the decision to increase output is likely to put additional strain on oil-producing countries that rely heavily on revenue from fossil fuels. Nations such as Saudi Arabia, which has been the leading force behind OPEC+, are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in oil prices, as the commodity is a major driver of their economies. The possibility of continued price volatility could prompt these nations to reassess their production strategies, especially if revenue from oil exports falls short of expectations.

Saudi Arabia’s Energy Minister, Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, drew a striking historical parallel during a virtual OPEC+ meeting, referencing the 1973 oil embargo as the group ratified its second significant supply increase in as many months. The minister’s invocation of the embargo, which led to a global energy crisis, underscores the gravity with which the kingdom views the current oil market dynamics.

The 1973 embargo, initiated by Arab oil producers in response to Western support for Israel during the Yom Kippur War, resulted in a quadrupling of oil prices and a severe economic downturn in many countries. By recalling this event, Prince Abdulaziz signaled the potential consequences of geopolitical tensions and market imbalances, emphasizing the need for unity and strategic foresight within the OPEC+ alliance.

The decision to increase oil production comes amid a complex backdrop of fluctuating global demand, economic uncertainties, and evolving energy policies. While the move aims to stabilize markets and address supply concerns, it also raises questions about the long-term strategy of oil-producing nations in an era increasingly focused on renewable energy and sustainability.

The International Monetary Fund projects Abu Dhabi’s economy to expand by 4.2% in 2025, accelerating to 5.8% in 2026, while Dubai’s growth is forecasted at 3.3% in 2025, increasing to 3.5% in 2026. Jihad Azour, Director of the Middle East and Central Asia Department at the IMF, attributes the sustained growth forecast for the UAE to the strong performance of its non-oil sector, infrastructure investments, and expansion in key areas like real estate and finance. He anticipates the UAE economy to grow by 4% in 2025, with growth accelerating to 5% in the following year.

Azour emphasised that the Gulf Cooperation Council states do not have identical economic structures or reserve levels, leading to varied responses to global market fluctuations. He noted that the UAE’s adaptability to global economic and geopolitical changes, its role as a critical hub between major economic blocs, and its position as a centre for international events have contributed to its economic resilience.

The IMF’s projections come amid a broader context of global economic uncertainty. The IMF has reduced its 2025 economic growth forecast for the Middle East and North Africa region to 2.6%, down from 4% projected in October 2024, due to rising global uncertainties from trade tensions, declining oil prices, and ongoing regional geopolitical tensions. Despite these challenges, the UAE’s economy has shown remarkable adaptability and utilised modern technology to thrive, maintaining high growth rates.

Key factors supporting the UAE’s positive economic outlook include investments in digital and technological sectors, renewable energy, and green initiatives, along with the country’s strategy of diversifying investment sources and promoting climate sustainability. The UAE has undergone considerable transformation in recent years, embracing advanced technologies to enhance its services, boost competitiveness, and solidify its position as a global economic and financial hub.

The UAE has enhanced its reputation as a premier destination for global investments through significant commitments in promising sectors like technology, technological infrastructure, and renewable energy. Major economic events, including Expo 2020 Dubai and the upcoming COP28 climate conference, have also contributed to this heightened attractiveness.

Dubai, in particular, has emerged as a secure haven for investors and a strategic planning location. Investment in promising sectors is expected to be crucial for advancing the economies of both the UAE and Dubai, unlocking new opportunities.

Foreign investments in Gulf stocks have surged in recent years, as nations within the Gulf Cooperation Council continue to transform their economies and capital markets. By the close of 2024, foreign equity inflows are expected to double to $60 billion, a sharp increase from 2022, driven by a combination of regulatory changes and inclusion in the prestigious MSCI Emerging Market Index.

The GCC’s capital markets have experienced substantial growth. Market capitalisation has increased four-fold, reaching $4.2 trillion, with turnover doubling to $690 billion. The rapid expansion of foreign participation is reshaping the region’s financial landscape, as countries seek to diversify their economies beyond oil revenues. This shift has become particularly evident in the stock markets of the region, where foreign investors are now a more prominent presence than ever before.

Gulf nations have made concerted efforts to modernise their economies, making them more attractive to international capital. A key development has been the GCC’s growing inclusion in global financial indices. Four out of six GCC countries – Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, and Kuwait – are now part of the MSCI Emerging Market Index. This inclusion has attracted significant international attention and capital, as investors see the region as a promising avenue for growth.

One of the critical factors behind the inflow of foreign capital is the series of regulatory reforms that have been introduced in recent years. These reforms have been designed to make the region’s markets more accessible and investor-friendly. Foreign ownership limits have been eased, allowing international investors to take larger stakes in companies listed on Gulf exchanges. These changes have made the GCC markets more appealing to institutional investors who were previously deterred by restrictive ownership rules.

In addition to regulatory changes, the GCC countries have also improved their financial infrastructure. The establishment of new exchanges, the introduction of better trading mechanisms, and the enhancement of corporate governance standards have all contributed to the region’s growing appeal to international investors. These efforts have created a more stable and predictable investment environment, crucial for attracting foreign capital.

The shift towards diversification from oil has been another driving force behind the surge in foreign investment. Gulf nations, particularly Saudi Arabia and the UAE, have been actively working to reduce their dependence on oil revenues by investing in a variety of industries. Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 plan, for example, aims to develop sectors such as technology, entertainment, and tourism, positioning the kingdom as a global investment hub. The UAE, meanwhile, has focused on becoming a regional leader in technology and innovation, with Dubai’s growing status as a fintech hub contributing to the rise in foreign equity participation.

The role of foreign investors in shaping the region’s stock markets cannot be overstated. Their increasing presence is evident in the growing market capitalisation and turnover of Gulf stock exchanges. As more international players enter the market, their influence on corporate governance and market dynamics becomes more pronounced. This has led to greater transparency and a more competitive business environment, which benefits both local and foreign investors alike.

Looking ahead, there are clear signs that the GCC countries will continue to evolve as attractive investment destinations. The ongoing reforms, coupled with the broader diversification strategies being pursued by the region, are likely to sustain the momentum of foreign investment. Oman, which is yet to be included in the MSCI Emerging Market Index, is expected to join in 2027, further expanding the reach of GCC capital markets.

While the region’s markets have flourished, there are also challenges that must be addressed. The volatility of global oil prices continues to be a concern, given that the GCC economies remain largely dependent on oil exports, despite efforts at diversification. Moreover, the geopolitical dynamics of the region also present risks that could affect foreign investment flows. However, the GCC countries have demonstrated resilience in managing these risks, through sound economic policies and a commitment to strengthening ties with global markets.

Etihad Airways is edging towards a decision on its much-anticipated initial public offering, with CEO Antonoaldo Neves indicating that the final call rests with the airline’s shareholder. Market speculation suggests that a formal announcement could arrive within this quarter, although the carrier has yet to confirm any official timeline.

Speaking during the Arabian Travel Market conference in Dubai, Neves reaffirmed Etihad’s commitment to a progressive expansion plan, despite persistent headwinds from global economic volatility, including US tariff pressures and fluctuating oil prices. He emphasised that while discussions around a potential listing are gaining momentum, the ultimate decision lies with the shareholder, Abu Dhabi’s state-backed holding company ADQ.

Market interest surrounding Etihad’s IPO ambitions has grown steadily over the past months, fuelled by the airline’s strong operational turnaround and ambitious future plans. Etihad reported a return to profitability in 2023, with a net profit of $143 million, reversing years of accumulated losses and restructuring challenges. The carrier’s sharp focus on operational efficiency, route network optimisation, and sustainability initiatives have been cited as key drivers behind its improved performance.

The $7 billion fleet investment programme, announced last year, underscores Etihad’s broader ambitions. Under the plan, the airline aims to double its fleet size to around 150 aircraft by the end of the decade. Neves reiterated at the conference that the expansion is designed to position Etihad as a leading global connector, with new long-haul routes to key growth markets across Asia, Africa, and Europe already in the pipeline.

Industry analysts suggest that the timing of a potential IPO would be critical, given the volatile backdrop of global markets. Aviation stocks have shown mixed performance this year, influenced by concerns over rising fuel costs, geopolitical tensions, and evolving travel demand patterns. Nevertheless, Abu Dhabi’s broader economic diversification strategy, coupled with increasing investor appetite for exposure to the Middle East’s aviation sector, provides a favourable context for Etihad’s market debut.

Etihad’s prospective IPO would follow the path set by other regional carriers such as Dubai’s Dnata Group-linked entities and Saudi Arabia’s flynas, which have either listed or are exploring listing options to tap into investor enthusiasm and raise growth capital. However, Neves made it clear that the airline’s current focus remains on executing its five-year strategy, which includes boosting load factors, enhancing customer service innovation, and advancing sustainability initiatives aimed at achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Over the past year, Etihad has embarked on a series of strategic partnerships and codeshare agreements with airlines such as Air France-KLM, offering it greater network reach without significantly adding to operational costs. The airline has also invested in next-generation fuel-efficient aircraft, such as the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and the Airbus A350, aligning with its green aviation objectives. These moves have not only improved the airline’s environmental credentials but have also enhanced its cost competitiveness in an increasingly price-sensitive market.

Neves’ leadership has been widely credited for steering the airline through a transformative phase, characterised by prudent financial management and targeted growth. Before joining Etihad, he served as CEO of TAP Air Portugal, where he oversaw a significant restructuring programme that returned the airline to profitability. His experience in navigating complex corporate environments has positioned him well to lead Etihad into its next phase of development, including the potential leap into public markets.

While Neves refrained from giving any concrete details about the potential size or structure of an IPO, market experts speculate that Etihad could aim for a multi-billion-dollar valuation, given its strategic importance to Abu Dhabi’s economy and the airline’s growing operational metrics. Any public offering is expected to attract significant regional and international investor interest, particularly among funds focused on infrastructure, aviation, and emerging markets.

Etihad’s evolution reflects broader shifts underway across the Gulf’s aviation sector, where legacy carriers are reorienting themselves to compete in a post-pandemic world marked by changing travel patterns, heightened sustainability pressures, and new technological disruptions. The Middle East remains a pivotal aviation hub, with Abu Dhabi investing heavily in airport infrastructure upgrades and tourism promotion to bolster its global standing.

Beyond its immediate IPO ambitions, Etihad continues to refine its customer experience offering, rolling out new premium cabin products and digital enhancements aimed at differentiating the brand in a crowded market. The airline’s loyalty programme, Etihad Guest, has also been expanded through a series of partnerships with financial institutions, retail brands, and travel service providers, adding new revenue streams and deepening customer engagement.

Although no definitive IPO timeline has been announced, analysts maintain that Etihad’s fundamentals, combined with the supportive regulatory and economic backdrop in the United Arab Emirates, create a strong foundation for a successful listing when the decision is ultimately made. Abu Dhabi’s increasing emphasis on privatisation and public-private partnerships signals a strategic shift aimed at unlocking value from key state-owned assets, with Etihad poised to be a potential flagship offering in this broader economic transformation.

As speculation builds, market participants are closely watching for signals from ADQ, whose growing portfolio of publicly listed companies reflects an ambitious strategy of capital market development and diversification. The shareholder’s decision on Etihad’s IPO will not only impact the airline’s future trajectory but also serve as a key indicator of Abu Dhabi’s evolving approach to strategic asset management.

Neves’ remarks at the Arabian Travel Market have reignited interest and speculation across industry circles and financial markets alike. His assurance that the airline is forging ahead with its aggressive expansion blueprint, even amid external challenges, suggests that Etihad is carefully laying the groundwork for a sustainable and prosperous future, whether as a privately held entity or as a publicly traded airline.

Tether’s tokenised gold product, XAU₮, has reached a major milestone with over 7.7 tonnes of physical gold now backing the asset, pushing its market capitalisation to $770 million as of 28 April 2025. This development marks a significant expansion of Tether’s portfolio beyond its flagship stablecoin USDT and highlights growing investor interest in digital assets secured by tangible commodities.

XAU₮, which represents ownership of one troy ounce of gold held in Swiss vaults, has seen steady accumulation over the past year amid fluctuating economic conditions and shifting investor sentiment towards inflation-resistant assets. According to market data, the token’s supply growth has mirrored increasing demand for alternative stores of value as concerns around fiat currency stability and geopolitical tensions continue to drive diversification strategies.

Tether’s disclosure that XAU₮ is now underpinned by more than 7.7 metric tonnes of physical gold signals strengthened efforts by the company to reinforce confidence in its tokenisation products. Analysts observing this trend note that digital gold products have carved a distinct niche, combining the traditional appeal of precious metals with the technological advantages of blockchain systems, including faster settlement times and greater accessibility for a global investor base.

Paolo Ardoino, CEO of Tether, stated that the surge in XAU₮’s backing reflects broader demand for hybrid assets that bridge the gap between conventional wealth preservation tools and new digital financial infrastructure. He added that Tether remains committed to transparency and robust management practices as it expands its product suite.

Since its launch, XAU₮ has distinguished itself by providing a clear legal structure for ownership claims over specific gold bars, with serial numbers and weight details disclosed through regular attestations. This level of verification has been crucial in appealing to institutional participants who require clear regulatory and custodial assurances before engaging with tokenised assets.

The achievement of a $770 million market cap also places XAU₮ among the most substantial gold-backed cryptocurrencies in circulation, competing with platforms like Paxos Gold and Perth Mint Gold Token . However, Tether’s strong brand presence and expansive network have given XAU₮ a competitive edge in terms of liquidity and market penetration.

Gold itself has continued to perform as a relatively stable asset amid volatile equity markets, stubborn inflation in key economies, and unpredictable monetary policy shifts. As of late April, gold prices hovered around $2,350 per ounce, with analysts forecasting further strength if macroeconomic uncertainty persists. This backdrop has reinforced the appeal of tokenised gold products like XAU₮, especially for investors looking for easily tradable options without the logistical challenges of physical storage.

XAU₮ has also benefited from integration with major exchanges and decentralised finance platforms, allowing users to utilise tokenised gold in broader financial applications such as lending, borrowing, and yield farming. This flexibility contrasts with traditional gold investment avenues, which typically lack interoperability with modern financial tools.

Institutional interest has played a critical role in the token’s growth trajectory. Asset managers, family offices, and corporate treasuries have increasingly explored tokenised commodities as a way to diversify their holdings while maintaining exposure to traditional safe havens. The ability to transfer ownership efficiently and transparently across jurisdictions has further bolstered the attractiveness of XAU₮.

Tether has continually faced scrutiny over its reserve management practices, particularly regarding USDT. However, the company’s detailed disclosures regarding XAU₮’s physical gold reserves appear to have mitigated similar concerns for this product. Regular attestations by third-party auditors have provided additional layers of reassurance to stakeholders wary of opaque reserve practices.

The evolving regulatory environment for stablecoins and tokenised assets may also influence the trajectory of products like XAU₮. Jurisdictions such as the European Union, the United Arab Emirates, and Singapore have introduced or are in the process of finalising frameworks aimed at ensuring greater oversight and consumer protection within the digital asset space. These regulations are expected to encourage higher standards of reporting and reserve management among issuers, benefiting products that already maintain rigorous transparency protocols.

Market participants have observed that gold tokenisation is emerging as a sector with strong fundamentals, particularly as broader adoption of blockchain technology reshapes traditional financial services. XAU₮’s growth demonstrates that tokenisation is not limited to speculative assets but can extend to historically conservative sectors such as commodities.

While challenges remain — including regulatory uncertainty, technological security risks, and the need for robust custodial solutions — the success of Tether’s XAU₮ underscores a maturing digital asset market increasingly focused on quality, transparency, and tangible backing. Observers suggest that continued institutional adoption and technological advancements could position tokenised gold as a staple component of diversified digital portfolios.

Lebanon’s government is optimistic about securing a staff-level agreement with the International Monetary Fund within the coming months. The move represents a significant step towards addressing the country’s crippling financial crisis, which has left the Lebanese pound in freefall, unemployment rates soaring, and inflation skyrocketing. The news has brought a flicker of hope for a nation desperate for international assistance, after enduring years of economic turmoil exacerbated by political instability and the effects of the 2019 Beirut port explosion.

The announcement, made by Lebanon’s Minister of Economy and Trade, Amin Salam, comes at a time when the country is facing its worst economic collapse since the end of the civil war in the 1990s. Despite the IMF’s cautious stance on extending its aid to Lebanon, negotiations are progressing, and the country is hopeful that an agreement could finally be reached. Salam stated that the aim is for the Lebanese authorities to finalise discussions with the IMF, which would then allow Lebanon to access critical funding to stabilise its economy.

Securing a deal with the IMF is a priority for Lebanon as it seeks to unlock international loans and support. Lebanon has been in talks with the IMF for over two years, with the institution imposing strict financial reforms as a condition for assistance. These reforms are designed to rebuild Lebanon’s crippled financial institutions, tackle rampant corruption, and implement fiscal discipline. However, these measures have been met with resistance from political elites, many of whom have been accused of contributing to the financial crisis through mismanagement and corruption.

The IMF’s requirements include reforms such as restructuring Lebanon’s financial sector, implementing measures to improve the country’s fiscal transparency, and reducing public sector spending. The institution has made it clear that Lebanon must address these structural weaknesses before it can secure international aid. Lebanon’s political class, long known for its infighting and inability to push through reforms, has struggled to meet these expectations, with reforms stalling in the face of political resistance.

Despite these challenges, some experts believe that the IMF agreement is crucial to any hopes of Lebanon stabilising its economy. The Lebanese government has faced mounting pressure from citizens who are increasingly disillusioned with their leaders’ inability to address the country’s dire financial situation. Protests have erupted across the country in recent years, calling for an end to corruption and better governance. While these protests have led to some changes, they have not been enough to reverse the economic downturn.

Economic indicators show the extent of Lebanon’s struggles. The Lebanese pound, which once traded at 1,500 to the dollar, now hovers around 100,000 pounds to the US dollar on the black market, reflecting a dramatic devaluation. Inflation has surged, with food prices spiraling out of control, and essential services such as healthcare and education becoming increasingly unaffordable for many Lebanese citizens. This economic decline has driven more than 60% of the population into poverty, according to estimates from the United Nations and local organisations.

The IMF’s involvement is seen as a necessary step in restoring confidence in Lebanon’s financial system. However, the road to recovery will be long and fraught with challenges. A key issue is the need for political unity. Lebanon’s fractious political system, which is based on a delicate sectarian balance, has hindered the passage of many essential reforms. The lack of a functioning president, with the presidential seat remaining vacant for several months due to political deadlock, has added to the uncertainty.

International donors, including the European Union and Gulf countries, have signalled their support for Lebanon’s recovery plan, but they are also waiting for concrete reforms before committing significant funds. They have been clear that Lebanon’s political elite must demonstrate the political will to implement the reforms required for a sustainable recovery.