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Abu Dhabi National Oil Company announced that its six publicly traded subsidiaries will distribute AED 158 billion in dividends through to 2030, nearly doubling the AED 86 billion cumulative payout since the first listing in 2017.

The announcement came during ADNOC’s inaugural Investor Majlis in Abu Dhabi, where the group underscored its commitment to shareholder returns and transparent governance. The dividend programme is subject to customary approvals and will provide long-term visibility to investors across its diversified portfolio of listed entities.

ADNOC’s six listed companies currently account for more than AED 550 billion in market capitalisation on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and represent nearly 40 percent of the annual dividends distributed on the market. Under the new plan, three additional entities—ADNOC Distribution, ADNOC Gas, and ADNOC Logistics & Services—will join ADNOC Drilling in issuing quarterly dividends.

Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, ADNOC’s Managing Director and CEO, also serving as UAE Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology, described the dividend target as a “landmark step” adding clarity to the group’s capital return path. He stated the move would “enhance value” for citizens, residents, and partners, and reaffirmed ADNOC’s focus on cost discipline, efficiency and growth.

Each listed unit announced specific dividend floors and policy reforms. ADNOC Drilling set a cumulative floor of AED 25 billion by 2030, representing a 26 percent minimum return over the period. ADNOC Gas pledged a target of AED 90 billion, with dividends moving to a quarterly basis from 2025 onward. ADNOC Logistics & Services raised its guidance to AED 8.1 billion for 2025–2030 and intends to adopt quarterly distributions from the third quarter of 2025.

Other units will also tighten their dividend structures. ADNOC Distribution expanded its dividend policy through 2030 and targets cumulative returns exceeding 30 percent over the 2025–2030 period. Borouge affirmed a dividend floor for 2025 and envisaged a payout ratio of 90 percent of net profit in future years. Fertiglobe flagged interim dividend payments and share buybacks for 2025 to support yield.

Beyond dividends, ADNOC disclosed key developments across its upstream, LNG and petrochemical segments. ADNOC Gas has secured a long-term feedstock agreement worth AED 147 billion with its Ruwais LNG facility. Over 80 percent of project capacity is under contract. The group also reported that the merger of its petrochemical assets with OMV—that is, combining Borouge and Borealis into Borouge Group International —remains on course for completion in Q1 2026. Financing for the transaction, valued at AED 56.6 billion, is in place and synergies of at least AED 1.8 billion annually have been identified.

Earlier this year, ADNOC transferred its stakes in several listed subsidiaries—namely Distribution, Drilling, Gas and Logistics & Services—to its wholly owned investment arm, XRG, via off-market moves. The transfers, completed or pending regulatory clearance, were explicitly stated not to affect operations, leadership or dividend policies. Control remains with ADNOC via its 100 percent ownership of XRG.

Analysts view the dividend pledge as a strategic signal in a more competitive capital-raising environment. It strengthens the case for long-term investor confidence, especially amid global volatility in energy markets and shifting sector dynamics. Some warn, however, that such large commitments require careful balance with capital expenditure demands, especially for exploration, decarbonisation and upstream expansion to meet rising regional energy and gas demand.

Intercontinental Exchange, the parent company of the New York Stock Exchange, is committing up to $2 billion in cash to back Polymarket, giving the prediction-market platform a pre-investment valuation of $8 billion. ICE will also serve as the global distributor of Polymarket’s event-driven data and collaborate on tokenisation efforts.

The deal signals a bold shift by a major financial infrastructure firm into the realm of speculative markets tied to politics, culture, economics and sports. ICE’s announcement states the investment will not have a material impact on its 2025 financials.

Polymarket, launched in 2020 by Shayne Coplan, allows traders to take positions on the probability of real-world outcomes. The platform had earlier barred U. S. users after settling in 2022 with the CFTC over operating an unregistered exchange. But it has since acquired QCEX, a CFTC-licensed derivatives exchange and clearinghouse for $112 million, positioning itself for compliant U. S. operations.

In public statements, ICE’s Chair and CEO, Jeffrey C. Sprecher, described the move as connecting “trusted financial infrastructure” with a next-generation platform that leverages user behaviour and probability markets. Coplan said the partnership will help bridge “how individuals and institutions use probabilities to understand and price the future.”

Analysts view the crux of ICE’s interest lies in monetising Polymarket’s crowd-driven data. The platform’s users collectively assign probabilities to outcomes, producing sentiment indicators ICE can package and distribute to institutional clients. Michael Ashley Schulman, partner at Running Point Capital Advisors, noted that ICE sees more value in data distribution than in clearing event contracts.

Regulatory conditions have softened under the current federal regime. Polymarket had reported that investigations by the Department of Justice and the CFTC closed without new charges, eliminating a regulatory overhang. Legal experts note that its acquisition of QCEX gives it a structural path to U. S. markets that was unavailable earlier.

Despite that progress, legal risks remain. Some jurisdictions still view event-betting as gambling, not financial activity. In Belgium, for example, authorities recently banned the platform’s use within the country. Polymarket’s own disclosures show it had raised around $205 million in earlier rounds before ICE’s investment, but with limited access to established trading jurisdictions.

Institutional interest in prediction markets has surged since the 2024 U. S. election cycle, which fuelled growth in platforms wagering on election outcomes, geopolitical events and social trends. ICE’s investment may prompt legacy financial firms to explore similar tie-ups or launches of probabilistic trading models.

In markets, ICE’s shares nudged upward following the announcement. The platform’s next test will be demonstrating whether prediction markets, previously the domain of retail and niche crypto users, can scale under institutional frameworks while satisfying securities, derivatives and gambling regulators.

A Singapore High Court hearing is scheduled on 13 October 2025 to consider WazirX’s proposed Scheme of Arrangement, marking a pivotal moment in the embattled crypto exchange’s restructuring efforts. The court will hear further arguments on HC/SUM 940/2025, a case central to the platform’s ability to repay creditors and revive operations.

The hearing follows a tumultuous legal process. In June 2025, the court declined to sanction the original scheme submitted by Zettai Technologies, WazirX’s parent entity, citing structural concerns and ambiguities in how the proposal would address creditor claims. Zettai responded by seeking an opportunity for further arguments. The court acceded to that request, setting the stage for the October proceedings.

Prior to this hearing, the court has directed both Zettai and opposing parties to submit additional written submissions. Zettai filed on 26 September 2025, and the court issued further directions on 29 September requiring clarifications by 3 October 2025. Until now, no hearing date had been formally fixed.

The background to this process dates to July 2024, when WazirX suffered a cyberattack resulting in the loss of roughly $235 million. Nearly 16 million users were affected, with withdrawals and trading suspended indefinitely. The attack was widely attributed to North Korea’s Lazarus Group.

In January 2025, the Singapore High Court allowed users to vote on a restructuring plan. The vote concluded in March, with approximately 93.1% of users endorsing the scheme. However, in May, the court declined to give the scheme its sanction, stating the proposal failed to meet the required legal standards and flagged concerns over compliance with evolving Singapore regulations. Zettai was then directed to revise the scheme and conduct a revote.

In July 2025, after further oral arguments before the court, the original June decision was set aside and a revote was permitted to consider an amended Scheme. The court also extended the moratorium until 16 September 2025. Zettai responded by preparing an updated Scheme and explanatory statement, organising a town hall for creditors, and initiating a refreshed vote.

Analysts observe that the October hearing is likely to be decisive. If the court approves the amended plan, the process could move quickly toward fund distribution, theoretically within ten business days of the effective date. Should the court require further modifications or reject the proposal, the process could be delayed significantly, potentially pushing payouts into late 2025 or beyond.

Critically, the court has scrutinised how Indian law provisions intersect with its jurisdiction. Much of WazirX’s user base resides in India, prompting concerns about cross-border legal compliance and enforceability of creditor rights. By demanding detailed supplementary submissions, the court signals caution in approving a scheme that might expose it to legal vulnerabilities.

Creditors and industry watchers remain under strain, facing uncertainty over when and whether they will receive recovered funds. Many users have awaited payouts for more than a year, and confidence in centralised exchanges has been tested further by this case.

Portuguese quantum computing firm Quantica Tech has revealed a new digital currency, Quantic Bitcoin, engineered to resist attacks from future quantum computers. The project rests on a proprietary “Quantum Interoperability” protocol designed to allow conventional blockchains and quantum‐era architectures to communicate and co-operate.

BTCQ is intended to preserve Bitcoin’s proof-of-work consensus but replace vulnerable cryptographic signatures with algorithms that conform to NIST-approved post-quantum standards. In transitional phases, the system runs quantum algorithm emulation on classical hardware—enabling development without immediate dependence on quantum hardware. Quantica has also introduced tiered fractional units, named Photons, Quarks and Bosons, to mirror Bitcoin’s Satoshi model at microtransaction scale.

The announcement reflects intensifying concern within cryptographic and blockchain communities about quantum threats to existing systems. Shor’s algorithm, for instance, is capable of undermining widely used public-key schemes, such as ECDSA, that secure most cryptocurrencies today. A literature review of quantum impacts on blockchain estimates that, although scalable quantum machines remain a work in progress, the threat horizon is accelerating, pushing many in the industry to preemptively explore quantum-safe alternatives.

Quantica says its interoperability protocol enables smart contracts in languages such as Solidity, Rust, Plutus and Vyper to invoke quantum layer functions through external script calls. The firm claims it has already shared the initial design of that protocol with the scientific community, though specific cryptographic details remain withheld. Plans are in place to issue Simple Agreements for Future Tokens in late 2025 and conduct a pre-sale of the token units ahead of public launch. The company is also working in parallel on related projects—Quanticacoin, USDT-Q and Q-Solana—to extend its quantum-capable ecosystem.

BTCQ joins a growing number of blockchain initiatives adopting quantum-resistant techniques. The Quantum Resistant Ledger, for example, has long leveraged XMSS to offer protection against quantum attacks, and many networks have begun integrating lattice-based or hash-based post-quantum cryptography.

Still, implementation and security challenges loom. Recent academic analysis warns that purely algorithmic guarantees do not suffice; side-channel attacks and hardware vulnerabilities may undermine post-quantum schemes if not carefully addressed. Analysts caution that the “harvest now, decrypt later” risk remains active: encrypted data captured today may be decrypted when quantum capabilities mature.

Market reception has been cautious. Many observers view Quantica’s claims as ambitious, given the dearth of open cryptographic proofs or independent audits so far. Some see the project as an early bet on quantum transition rather than an immediate substitute for existing value chains. Others argue the broader utility of quantum-resistant assets will depend heavily on regulatory frameworks, interoperability standards, and community adoption.

Quantica’s announcement arrives against the backdrop of intensifying activity in quantum and cryptographic infrastructure. Hardware vendors and research institutions are racing to scale error correction, qubit coherence and interconnects. Meanwhile, financial and security firms are preparing migration strategies for sensitive systems. Among commercial players, SEALSQ has unveiled hybrid cryptographic hardware intended to safeguard blockchain systems and IoT devices against quantum attacks.

Quantica has positioned BTCQ’s development as a shift from theoretical readiness to pragmatic construction. The firm contends it can build bridges between classical chains and quantum systems without heavy disruption to existing protocols. Early access via SAFTs and token presales aim to bootstrap an ecosystem of developers and enthusiasts.

A proposed ETF tracking the TRUMP meme coin has appeared on the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation’s system — an infrastructural step that signals intent, though it falls short of regulatory approval.

Canary Capital, which filed an S-1 registration with the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission for the ETF, now sees its TRUMP Coin fund listed in DTCC systems alongside other altcoin ETF candidates. The DTCC listing enables clearing and settlement readiness should approval arrive.

Analysts view the development as a technical milestone. Bloomberg ETF specialist Eric Balchunas observed that once a ticker appears on DTCC’s eligibility file, it rarely retracts — underscoring the forward momentum for the product. Nonetheless, he and others caution that DTCC inclusion is procedural and does not guarantee SEC consent.

Canary’s filing proposes that the ETF would offer exposure to the price dynamics of TRUMP token without requiring investors to self-custody the asset. To cover transaction costs inherent in the blockchain architecture, the filing permits the fund to hold up to 5 percent in Solana’s native token SOL, although it will not treat SOL as a core investment.

The TRUMP coin is a Solana Program Library token whose market value hinges heavily on political sentiment, community engagement and volatility rather than fundamental utility. Critics have raised concerns about the blending of political interests with speculative finance, warning of conflicts of interest and reputational risks to the broader crypto ecosystem.

This development coincides with DTCC’s addition of other altcoin ETFs — namely Fidelity’s Solana ETF and Canary’s XRP and Hedera funds — to its eligibility files. These moves have injected renewed optimism into altcoin ETF markets, though all such listings still await the SEC’s green light.

Momentum for altcoin ETFs has accelerated since spot Bitcoin and Ethereum funds gained approval. Still, the SEC has kept other proposals on ice, deferring decisions and delaying rulings. The regulator’s patience underscores the risk-management pressures it faces in balancing innovation and investor protection.

Canary’s TRUMP ETF filing follows earlier efforts by Trump Media & Technology Group, which has sought SEC approval for a suite of thematic “Truth Social Funds” ETFs covering areas such as energy, infrastructure and American icons.

Abu Dhabi’s Department of Health will present a portfolio of artificial intelligence–based healthcare solutions at the upcoming GITEX Global 2025 event in Dubai. The showcase is intended to reinforce the emirate’s ambitions to lead in digital health transformation and embed AI into clinical and public health systems.

DoH plans to display tools ranging from predictive diagnostics to personalised wellness platforms, emphasising preventive care and data-driven interventions. H. E. Dr Noura Khamis Al Ghaithi, Undersecretary of DoH, stated that leveraging AI is central to “reshaping how care is delivered” and enabling people to “live healthier, longer lives.”

The Abu Dhabi delegation will also highlight the emirate’s efforts to integrate AI across healthcare infrastructure, including hospital systems and community services. As part of the pitch, DoH intends to advance models that predict health risks, flag early disease onset, and streamline patient journeys from diagnosis to treatment.

The timing of this unveiling aligns with Abu Dhabi’s broader push into AI research and high-tech partnerships. In September 2025, Nvidia and Abu Dhabi’s Technology Innovation Institute launched a joint lab focusing on robotics and advanced AI models, including deployment of Nvidia’s “Thor” chip for robotic applications. That initiative is part of the UAE’s wider effort to become a global AI player.

At GITEX Global—a technology exhibition scheduled from 13 to 17 October at the Dubai World Trade Centre—the DigiHealth & Biotech track is expected to draw startups, tech firms and health ministries showcasing innovations across genomics, diagnostics, telemedicine and biotech. The exhibition emphasises frontier domains: physical AI, quantum computing, semiconductors and data-centre infrastructure.

Abu Dhabi is also seeking to signal that its AI investments are more than pilot projects. Through collaborations with private technology firms, academic institutions and regional health authorities, DoH aims to build a scalable, interoperable health data ecosystem. Under its strategy, AI modules would be deployed not just in tertiary hospitals, but in primary care, clinics, remote monitoring and wellness programmes.

Critics point to challenges ahead, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, regulatory oversight and integration with legacy systems. Effective AI deployment in health requires robust patient consent frameworks, transparent models and continuous validation across diverse populations. Observers note that many AI health systems falter when scaled beyond controlled environments.

MetaMask has rolled out an integration with Hyperliquid that allows perpetual futures trading directly within its wallet, marking a major expansion beyond its core custodial functionality. The launch went live today in selected jurisdictions, enabling users to take leveraged positions without leaving the application’s interface.

This move transforms MetaMask from a simple wallet to a more comprehensive on-chain trading hub. By embedding Hyperliquid’s perpetuals engine natively, MetaMask removes several intermediate steps that historically deter adoption—such as requiring users to traverse to external exchanges, cross chains, or cover multiple transaction fees. According to MetaMask’s global product lead, Gal Eldar, the integration “offers a frictionless path for passive holders to become active traders.” The wallet’s new “one-tap” experience is optimised for mobile usage, lowering barriers to entry.

Hyperliquid, a decentralised derivatives platform built with its own Layer 1 infrastructure, claims to support gas-free settlement and performance at scale. The platform processes tens of billions in trading volume, placing it among the leading names in on-chain perpetual markets. Hyperliquid’s architecture, with reported throughput exceeding 200,000 orders per second, underpins the performance demands of integrating derivatives directly inside a wallet.

MetaMask’s entry into this domain arrives amid sharp growth in decentralized perpetuals. In September, the total trading volume across decentralised perpetual platforms exceeded $700 billion, spurred by trader demand for leverage, 24/7 markets, and non-custodial exposure. Hyperliquid is a consistent high performer, with some estimates attributing to it a majority share of decentralised perpetual activity.

The new feature supports USDC deposits from any Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible chain, and trades can be initiated with a single tap. The integration includes slippage checks, fee previews, and confirmation flows meant to shield users from common UX pitfalls. MetaMask’s team emphasises that the wallet retains self-custody at all stages, with users retaining control over private keys.

Critics caution that embedding leverage within a wallet may amplify risks for inexperienced users. Rapid liquidation, sharp market swings, and elevated margin requirements could expose users to sudden losses. To mitigate this, MetaMask is integrating risk-control measures and permission checks, though the success of those mechanisms will be closely watched by the community.

MetaMask’s expansion aligns with its broader roadmap. Earlier in the year, it unveiled a Mastercard-powered card feature, enabling spending directly from self-custodial wallets. It has also signalled intent to launch its native token, MASK, and is refining a loyalty rewards engine tied to on-chain activity. Those ancillary products may dovetail with its perpetuals integration, potentially weaving them into loyalty tiers, discounts, or governance models.

The decision pits MetaMask more directly against both centralised and decentralised exchanges. Centralised venues such as Binance and Bybit continue to dominate derivatives in terms of volume; however, their users must trust custody and counterparty risk. MetaMask’s proposition is differentiated by offering derivatives inside a wallet, combining convenience with self-custody.

Kocha village in the Khunti district of Jharkhand has been wired into a 40 kW solar micro-grid with IoT-enabled smart management, marking the third Climate Smart Village established under Schneider Electric India Foundation in partnership with PRADAN. The grid now supports irrigation pumps, agro-processing units, households, street lighting, a primary health centre and an e-vehicle.

The pilot builds on earlier deployments in the Gumla district’s Sehal and Chatti villages, where solar arrays of 40 kW and 45 kW were integrated with load-balancing systems to power productive use in agriculture and local enterprises. That model delivered doubling of household incomes and emission reductions of around 60,000 kg of CO₂ annually for those communities.

Officials at the inauguration in Kocha included Jharkhand’s Rural Development and Panchayati Raj Minister Dipika Pandey Singh, Khunti MP Kali Charan Munda, Torpa MLA Sudeep Gudhiya, and Damini Chaudhari, Vice President for Strategy, M&A & CSR at Schneider Electric. Deepak Sharma, MD & CEO of Schneider Electric India, emphasised the initiative’s aim to fuse renewable energy with local entrepreneurship and digital systems to empower self-sufficient rural economies.

Before the grid installation, farmers in Kocha were restricted to a single rain-fed cropping cycle each year, lacking the electricity required to operate processing machinery or irrigation pumps. Many households lacked reliable power, and migration was common owing to the scarcity of local jobs. Under the new scheme, farmers are experimenting with multi-crop production and in-village processing. A women-led Farmer Producer Organisation, Torpa Mahila Krishi Bhagwani Saykari Swalambhi Samiti, is central to aggregating, processing and marketing produce locally.

The mini-grid design employs smart energy management software that monitors demand and allocates energy dynamically, aiming for close to full utilisation of the solar capacity throughout the day. The system aggregates essential loads—agricultural, domestic and community—so that surplus power is diverted to where demand is highest at any given time.

In the Gumla villages, the success of this load-diversion strategy allowed continuous operation of irrigation pumps, oil expellers, rice hullers and small mills, effectively removing dependence on diesel backups. The result was a consistent power supply, reduced fuel costs and increased productivity. That template is now being scaled to Kocha.

SEIF intends to use the Kocha rollout as a replicable blueprint for scaling further in Jharkhand and across other states with energy-poor rural communities. The target is to reach 100,000 farmer families by 2025 through distributed, decentralised energy systems that combine renewable generation, digital control and demand flexibility.

CleanCore Solutions announced it has accrued over 710 million Dogecoin tokens in its treasury, yielding more than US$20 million in unrealised gains as it edges toward a one-billion token target.

The Omaha-based company launched its Dogecoin treasury programme on 5 September, using proceeds from a US$175 million private placement to make phased acquisitions. The holding is backed by the Dogecoin Foundation and coordinated through its corporate arm, House of Doge.

At a trading price near US$0.245 per DOGE, CleanCore values its holdings at roughly US$173.9 million, leaving a buffer over its capital outlay after marking the gains.

Chief Executive Officer Clayton Adams described the strategy as aligned with “long-term vision of insiders and the House of Doge,” emphasising that the company is not just stacking DOGE but is seeking to expand its utility and maintain disciplined treasury management.

CleanCore says it maintains sufficient cash reserves to continue its accumulation efforts. It has forged a strategic alliance with Bitstamp by Robinhood to serve as the primary trading venue for its Dogecoin operations.

On the markets, shares of CleanCore fell 8.44 per cent to close at US$2.06, before a modest rebound of 1.46 per cent in after-hours trade.

Some analysts question the relevance of mNAV metrics for companies pursuing large crypto treasuries. Greg Cipolaro of NYDIG has argued that mNAV may neglect operational businesses beyond token holdings and may not properly account for convertible instruments.

Standard Chartered has cautioned that smaller firms with aggressive crypto treasury strategies could face overexposure pressures if market volatility intensifies, predicting that consolidation may occur among weaker players.

CleanCore continues to monitor short interest in its stock while working with the SEC to register shares issued under its private placement. The company also underscores that restricted and locked shares are held by insiders, the House of Doge, and affiliates.

By Nitya Chakraborty Just forty eight hours within the external affairs minister Dr. S Jaishankar’s candid statement that Trump has to respect red lines drawn by India at trade talks, Indian officials joining China, Russia, Taliban government of Afghanistan and even Pakistan denouncing President Trump’s bid to take over Bagram air base in Afghanistan, is […]

The article India’s Opposition To Trump Bid To Take Over Bagram Airbase Has Special Significance appeared first on Latest India news, analysis and reports on Newspack by India Press Agency).

Ukraine’s 63rd Mechanised Brigade has released footage claiming that a 22-year-old Indian national, Majoti Sahil Mohamed Hussein from Morbi, Gujarat, surrendered to Ukrainian forces after fighting for Russia. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs stated it is investigating the matter, having not yet received formal confirmation from Ukrainian authorities.

In the video, Hussein says he travelled to Russia for university studies but was later convicted on drug charges and handed a seven-year prison sentence. He states that to avoid incarceration, he accepted a Russian military contract to fight in Ukraine. After only 16 days of training, he was deployed to the front lines on 1 October, and after three days of combat, asserted that a dispute with his commander prompted him to approach a Ukrainian trench position and surrender. “I immediately put down my rifle … I didn’t want to fight. I needed help,” he is heard saying in Russian. He further claims he never received promised financial compensation and that he would rather remain in custody in Ukraine than return to Russia.

Indian officials have neither confirmed his capture nor denied it. A spokeswoman from the MEA said New Delhi is “ascertaining the veracity of the report.” The Indian mission in Kyiv is reported to be seeking clarity from Ukrainian counterparts. The MEA noted it has not yet received an official notification.

If confirmed, this would mark the first verified case of an Indian national being held by Ukrainian forces after participating directly in combat on Russia’s side—although Indian nationals have previously been reported among Russian-aligned forces. In January, Indian authorities disclosed that 12 citizens had died fighting for Russia, while 16 others were listed as missing. New Delhi has repeatedly raised the issue with Moscow, urging the repatriation or discharge of Indians serving in the Russian military.

The broader phenomenon of third-country nationals entering the Russia-Ukraine war as combatants has drawn increasing scrutiny. Independent investigations estimate that more than 1,500 foreign fighters from over 48 nations have joined Russia’s military ranks. Some are believed to have been recruited under misleading promises, including job opportunities, visa benefits, or leniency in legal cases. In India’s case, accusations of coercion or trafficking have been made—families of slain Indian fighters have claimed their relatives were enticed with assurances but ultimately compelled into frontline service.

Analysts note that this case, if corroborated, underscores the murky legal and ethical terrain of foreign national participation in armed conflict. Under international humanitarian law, combatants captured in war zones may face prosecution, detainee protections, or diplomatic processes, depending on their status. The Indian government, maintaining a non-aligned posture regarding the Russia-Ukraine conflict, must balance protecting its citizens abroad with adherence to international norms and pressure from both Moscow and Kyiv.

Within India, this development is likely to intensify scrutiny over how students or migrants abroad might be exposed to recruitment schemes, particularly in countries engaged in conflict. Some previous admissions of Indians fighting for Russia suggested recruitment via third-party agents or recruitment drives run under the guise of employment for non-combat roles—later displaced into military duty. Families have, in past instances, sought intervention from Indian diplomatic missions, urging more robust preventive mechanisms.

Meanwhile, in Russia, foreign conscripts—or contracted soldiers from abroad—have been increasingly leveraged to supplement manpower. Ukrainian authorities have touted captures of foreign fighters in multiple instances, often publicising their nationality to highlight alleged exploitation or coercion. These reports frequently appear in social media or Telegram channels operated by Ukrainian units, although independent verification is sometimes challenging, given the fog of war and conflicting narratives.