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Saudi National Bank has successfully issued a $750 million five-year Formosa bond, attracting an order book totaling $1.1 billion, including $121 million from joint lead managers. The bond, priced at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 120 basis points, is scheduled to be listed on the Taipei Exchange on 17th March. Crédit Agricole CIB and KGI Securities Co Ltd served as joint managers, with HSBC acting as the lead manager.

Formosa bonds are debt instruments issued in Taiwan but denominated in foreign currencies, typically targeting international investors seeking exposure to foreign issuers. This issuance marks SNB’s second foray into the Formosa market, following its inaugural $500 million five-year senior unsecured floating-rate note bond in July 2024. That initial issuance was part of SNB’s $5 billion Euro Medium Term Note Programme and was notable for being the first by a Saudi bank in the Taiwanese market.

The latest bond issuance underscores SNB’s strategic efforts to diversify its funding sources and strengthen its presence in international capital markets. The oversubscription by $350 million indicates robust investor confidence in SNB’s creditworthiness and the economic stability of Saudi Arabia. This confidence is further bolstered by the bank’s proactive engagement with a broad set of top-tier international investors, reflecting the strong appeal of SNB’s credit profile to the global investor community.

In the broader context, Gulf Cooperation Council banks have been increasingly tapping into the Formosa bond market to diversify their funding bases and access competitive pricing. For instance, Qatar National Bank Group, the region’s largest bank, completed a $1 billion five-year Formosa bond issuance under its Euro Medium Term Note Programme in the first half of 2024. This trend highlights the growing significance of the Formosa market as an attractive platform for Middle Eastern banks seeking to broaden their investor base and secure favorable funding terms.

SNB’s successful bond issuance aligns with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiatives, which aim to diversify the Kingdom’s economy and reduce its dependence on oil revenues. By accessing international capital markets and engaging with a diverse range of investors, SNB is contributing to the development of a more resilient and diversified financial sector in Saudi Arabia.

The choice of SOFR as the benchmark rate for the bond pricing reflects a broader shift in global financial markets toward alternative reference rates, following the phase-out of the London Interbank Offered Rate . SOFR, based on overnight transactions in the U.S. Treasury repurchase market, is considered a more robust and reliable benchmark, aligning with international best practices.

President Donald Trump announced plans to visit Saudi Arabia within the next six weeks to finalize an agreement for the kingdom to invest $1 trillion in the U.S. economy over the next four years, including substantial purchases of military equipment. This development underscores the strengthening economic ties between Washington and Riyadh.

Speaking to reporters in the Oval Office, Trump highlighted that his first overseas trip during his initial term in 2017 was to Riyadh, where Saudi investments were then estimated at $350 billion. He noted that the kingdom’s financial capacity has grown since, stating, “They’ve gotten richer, we’ve all gotten older.” At Trump’s behest, the Saudis have agreed to significantly increase their investments in American companies, encompassing various sectors, notably defense. The President expressed his intention to visit Saudi Arabia to formalize this agreement, emphasizing his positive relationship with the kingdom’s leadership.

Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has been instrumental in advancing the kingdom’s Vision 2030 initiative, aiming to diversify the economy beyond oil dependence. The substantial investment in the U.S. aligns with this strategy, seeking to bolster the kingdom’s global economic footprint and strengthen bilateral relations with key allies.

The planned investment includes significant procurement of U.S. military equipment, reflecting Saudi Arabia’s ongoing efforts to modernize its armed forces amid regional security challenges. This move is expected to benefit American defense contractors and contribute to job creation within the United States.

In addition to defense, the investment is anticipated to span various sectors, potentially including technology, infrastructure, and energy. Such diversification aligns with both nations’ interests in fostering innovation and sustainable economic growth.

The announcement comes at a time when the global economy faces uncertainties, and substantial foreign investments are viewed as a positive indicator of confidence in the U.S. market. Analysts suggest that this agreement could stimulate economic activity and enhance the strategic partnership between the two countries.

However, this development is not without its critics. Some policymakers express concerns regarding the implications of deepening ties with Saudi Arabia, citing human rights issues and regional geopolitical tensions. They advocate for a balanced approach that considers both economic benefits and ethical considerations.

The forthcoming visit also holds geopolitical significance. Saudi Arabia has been taking a more prominent role in U.S. foreign policy, with plans to host a U.S.-Ukraine meeting to discuss a ceasefire in the ongoing conflict. This initiative positions Riyadh as a mediator in international affairs, potentially enhancing its diplomatic standing.

Trump’s engagement with Saudi Arabia extends to other domains. In February, he met with officials from the PGA Tour and the Saudi-owned LIV Golf to address a rift between the two organizations, indicating the breadth of U.S.-Saudi interactions beyond traditional sectors.

Saudi Arabia has unveiled an ambitious plan to attract investments totaling approximately 375 billion Saudi riyals into its mining sector by 2035, as part of its Vision 2030 initiative aimed at reducing dependence on oil revenues. Khalid Al-Mudaifer, the Deputy Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources for Mining Affairs, announced this strategic objective during the BMO Global Metals, Mining, and Critical Minerals Conference held in Miami from February 23 to 26, 2025.

The Kingdom has already secured investments amounting to 75 billion riyals in mining projects since the implementation of a landmark law designed to attract investors. Al-Mudaifer highlighted that these efforts have significantly boosted the sector’s growth, with the number of mining companies operating in Saudi Arabia increasing from six in 2020 to 133 by the end of 2023.

As part of its Vision 2030 economic diversification strategy, Saudi Arabia aims to position mining as a key pillar of its economy. The Kingdom’s mineral wealth is now valued at 9.3 trillion riyals, up from previous estimates of 5 trillion riyals, reflecting intensified exploration efforts and a growing global demand for critical minerals. Annual exploration spending has risen by 32%, outpacing the global average.

In line with these developments, Saudi Arabia has been actively engaging in international partnerships to bolster its mining sector. Notably, the Kingdom signed nine investment agreements totaling over $9.32 billion in the metals and mining sector with companies including India’s Vedanta and China’s Zijin Group during the World Investment Conference in Riyadh. These deals aim to support Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 plan to diversify the economy and attract significant foreign investment.

Saudi Aramco, the world’s largest oil company, plans to expand its investments in lithium production, aiming to become a mining hub and diversify from oil. In collaboration with the state-owned mining firm Ma’aden, Aramco targets commercial lithium production by 2027 to meet increasing demand driven by electric vehicles. This strategic shift aligns with the Kingdom’s efforts to establish a lithium refining and export industry, leveraging its energy competitiveness and infrastructure.

Saudi Arabia’s ambitious $124 billion dividend payout to Aramco shareholders is facing increasing scrutiny as the kingdom grapples with rising fiscal pressures and economic uncertainty. The payout, one of the largest in history, is at the heart of the country’s financial strategy, but concerns about the sustainability of this massive distribution are growing.

The kingdom has long relied on its state-owned oil giant, Saudi Aramco, as a major source of revenue, particularly in funding its Vision 2030 diversification programme. However, with global oil prices experiencing volatility and the kingdom’s economic growth showing signs of strain, questions are being raised about whether such a hefty payout can continue to be supported by the nation’s financial structure.

Saudi Arabia’s fiscal challenges are not new but have intensified recently due to various factors, including fluctuations in oil prices and a need to fund extensive public sector projects aimed at reducing the kingdom’s dependence on oil exports. This shift towards diversification involves significant investments in non-oil sectors such as technology, entertainment, and tourism. While these sectors hold promise for future growth, they have not yet generated the same level of revenue as oil, leaving the government in a delicate position.

Aramco’s profits have been a key contributor to the kingdom’s financial health, with the company remaining one of the world’s most profitable corporations. In 2023, Aramco’s net income exceeded $160 billion, allowing it to maintain its status as the highest dividend-paying company globally. This enabled the state to continue its lavish payouts to shareholders, including the Saudi government itself, which holds a majority stake.

Despite Aramco’s healthy profits, the global energy landscape has shifted significantly. Rising energy costs, geopolitical instability, and increasing competition from renewable energy sources are all factors that could impact the oil industry’s long-term profitability. Saudi Arabia’s ability to balance these challenges with its ambitious payout policy could prove to be a major hurdle.

The kingdom’s fiscal outlook is further complicated by its commitment to maintaining its social and economic development programs, which are pivotal for the success of Vision 2030. The state has allocated significant sums to infrastructure, healthcare, and housing initiatives, all of which are critical for securing the country’s long-term economic stability. However, these expenditures, combined with the substantial payout to Aramco shareholders, create a significant strain on public finances.

To address these challenges, Saudi Arabia is looking to restructure its approach to fiscal management, exploring options such as public debt and non-oil revenue streams. Some analysts suggest that this could involve revising the Aramco dividend model, potentially reducing the payout in favour of reinvesting in the country’s non-oil sectors.

The pressure on the Saudi government is not only financial but also political. With global attention focused on Saudi Arabia’s economic reforms, any deviation from its ambitious growth plans could undermine investor confidence, which has been a cornerstone of its economic strategy. International investors, particularly those in the energy sector, are closely monitoring the situation, aware that any decision to alter the dividend payout could have ripple effects throughout the global markets.

The geopolitical landscape adds another layer of complexity to the situation. Saudi Arabia’s position within OPEC and its ongoing efforts to stabilise global oil prices play a key role in its economic future. However, OPEC’s decisions are increasingly influenced by non-member countries and shifting global consumption patterns. As demand for oil from traditional markets in Europe and the US declines, Saudi Arabia faces the dual challenge of maintaining oil revenues while simultaneously adapting to a future in which oil may no longer be the dominant driver of global growth.

In the wake of these uncertainties, Aramco’s leadership remains focused on enhancing its operations and securing long-term profitability. The company has committed to expanding its investments in petrochemicals, refining, and other energy-related sectors, as well as pursuing green energy initiatives that could ensure its relevance in the post-oil era. However, even with these efforts, Aramco faces growing competition from other energy giants and the increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices in response to global climate concerns.

Saudi Arabia’s fiscal trajectory will likely remain unpredictable for the foreseeable future, especially as the country navigates the complexities of economic diversification while maintaining its oil revenue base. The government’s ability to balance its financial commitments to both Aramco and its broader economic goals will be crucial in shaping the future of its financial landscape.

MoneyHash, a leading payment orchestration platform operating in the Middle East and Africa , has been honoured as one of the UAE’s Future 100 companies, acknowledging its significant contributions to fintech innovation in the region. This accolade underscores the company’s commitment to addressing the complex payment infrastructure challenges faced by businesses across the MEA region.

Founded by Egyptian entrepreneurs, MoneyHash offers a unified application programming interface that simplifies the integration of various payment methods and providers. This solution streamlines the checkout experience for businesses, reducing operational costs and enhancing scalability across different markets. The platform’s ability to navigate the fragmented payment landscape in emerging markets has positioned it as a crucial player in the regional fintech ecosystem.

In January 2025, MoneyHash secured $5.2 million in pre-Series A funding, led by Flourish Ventures, a global fintech investor known for backing industry leaders such as Chime and FlutterWave. New investors, including Saudi Arabia’s Vision Ventures, Arab Bank’s venture capital arm, and Emurgo Kepple Ventures, also participated in the round. Notably, Jason Gardner, founder and former CEO of Marqeta, made his first investment in the MEA region through this funding round. This financial boost followed a $4.5 million seed round in early 2024, reflecting the company’s rapid growth and the increasing confidence of investors in its business model.

The payment landscape in emerging markets is often characterized by high failure rates and operational challenges. Each market presents a unique set of payment providers, methods, and regulations, leading to increased operational costs and revenue leakage for businesses. MoneyHash addresses these issues by offering a unified platform that integrates various payment solutions, thereby reducing complexity and improving efficiency. According to Nader Abdelrazik, co-founder and CEO of MoneyHash, failure rates in these markets are three times the global average, with fraud rates and cart abandonment over 20% higher than in developed markets. By leveraging their extensive experience in the MEA region, MoneyHash aims to transform payments from a cost and risk center into a growth enabler for businesses.

The UAE’s Future 100 initiative aims to support the top 100 emerging companies that play a vital role in the competitiveness of the country’s future economy sectors. The program has secured 25 new partnerships, spanning strategic, media, and community collaborations, to support these emerging companies. The inaugural list of Future 100 companies was unveiled on December 2, highlighting businesses that are expected to drive innovation and economic growth in the UAE.

MoneyHash’s recognition as a Future 100 company not only highlights its innovative approach to payment solutions but also emphasizes the growing importance of fintech in the region’s economic development. As businesses in the MEA region continue to seek efficient and scalable payment solutions, platforms like MoneyHash are poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of commerce.

The company’s recent funding and accolades reflect a broader trend of increased investment in fintech solutions that address the unique challenges of emerging markets. By simplifying payment processes and reducing operational hurdles, MoneyHash empowers businesses to focus on growth and customer engagement, thereby contributing to the overall economic development of the region.

Saudi Arabia’s leading low-cost airline, Flynas, has secured a Murabaha financing agreement worth SAR 495 million with Bank Aljazira to fund the acquisition of three Airbus A320neo aircraft. This strategic move aligns with Flynas’s ambitious expansion plans, aiming to enhance its operational capacity and competitiveness within the regional aviation sector.

The financing deal underscores Flynas’s commitment to modernizing its fleet and expanding its network coverage. The addition of the A320neo aircraft is expected to improve operational efficiency and support the airline’s goal of adding over 100 aircraft by the end of 2030, as part of a total order of 280 aircraft. This expansion is anticipated to contribute significantly to the growth of the Saudi aviation sector, aligning with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 objectives.

Bank Aljazira’s involvement in this financing arrangement highlights the bank’s role in supporting the aviation industry’s growth in Saudi Arabia. The Sharia-compliant Murabaha financing structure reflects the bank’s commitment to providing tailored financial solutions that meet the specific needs of its clients while adhering to Islamic banking principles.

In July 2022, Flynas became the first airline to sign a purchase and leaseback agreement with AviLease, a subsidiary of the Public Investment Fund , for 12 Airbus A320neo aircraft. This collaboration marked a significant milestone in Flynas’s expansion strategy and demonstrated the airline’s proactive approach to fleet modernization.

The recent financing agreement with Bank Aljazira is a continuation of Flynas’s efforts to strengthen its fleet and expand its operations. The acquisition of the new A320neo aircraft is expected to enhance Flynas’s competitiveness in the regional aviation market and support the airline’s long-term growth objectives.

Flynas’s expansion plans are also expected to have a positive impact on the Saudi aviation sector as a whole. The airline’s growth is anticipated to increase connectivity within the Kingdom and beyond, supporting tourism and economic development in line with Vision 2030.

The financing agreement with Bank Aljazira demonstrates the bank’s commitment to supporting key sectors in Saudi Arabia, including aviation. By providing Sharia-compliant financing solutions, Bank Aljazira is playing a crucial role in facilitating the growth of the aviation industry and supporting the Kingdom’s economic diversification efforts.

The addition of the new Airbus A320neo aircraft to Flynas’s fleet is expected to enhance the airline’s operational efficiency and support its expansion into new markets. The A320neo is known for its fuel efficiency and advanced technology, making it a valuable asset for airlines seeking to optimize their operations and reduce environmental impact.

Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund , managing assets totaling $925 billion, has imposed a one-year suspension on PricewaterhouseCoopers from securing advisory and consulting contracts. This directive, effective until February 2026, affects PwC’s operations within one of the world’s most lucrative markets. The firm’s auditing services, however, remain unaffected.

Executives across PIF and its over 100 subsidiaries received instructions to cease awarding consulting projects to PwC. The fund did not publicly disclose the reasons behind this decision, and representatives from both PIF and PwC declined to comment.

This development comes two years after PwC established its regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia, obtaining a license to operate within the kingdom. The firm employs more than 2,000 professionals across Riyadh, Jeddah, AlUla, Al Khobar, and Dhahran, with operations spanning over 20 locations in the Middle East.

PwC’s non-audit services in the region encompass mergers and acquisitions, tax advisory, and strategic consulting. The Middle East has been the fastest-growing geography within PwC UK, the corporate entity overseeing the firm’s activities in the region. In its most recent fiscal year, PwC reported revenues of £1.97 billion in the Middle East, marking a 26% increase from the previous year.

The PIF plays a pivotal role in Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, an ambitious initiative aimed at diversifying the economy away from oil dependence. The fund has been instrumental in launching nearly 100 affiliated companies, including the $1.5 trillion Neom project—a futuristic city on the kingdom’s west coast. Other significant projects under PIF’s purview involve developing historic sites like Diriyah and AlUla into global tourist destinations.

The Middle East represents one of the most profitable markets for global consulting firms, including McKinsey & Company and Boston Consulting Group. The PIF’s decision to suspend PwC’s advisory role may have implications for the consulting landscape in the region, given the fund’s substantial influence and investment activities.

This move aligns with a broader trend of fiscal prudence within Saudi Arabia. The kingdom has been recalibrating its ambitious Vision 2030 economic transformation plans, emphasizing financial transparency and ethical governance. Government departments have been instructed to reduce spending on consultants, and state-related entities are tightening their budgets. Some projects are being scaled back or phased over extended timelines to ensure economic stability.

PwC has not publicly commented on the suspension but is expected to address the concerns raised by PIF. Meanwhile, other consulting firms operating in the region may face closer scrutiny as Saudi Arabia reinforces its commitment to financial integrity and accountability.

Merger and acquisition activity in the Middle East and North Africa region experienced a significant uptick in 2024, with total deal value reaching $92.3 billion, a 7% increase from the previous year. The number of deals also rose by 3%, totaling 701 transactions compared to 679 in 2023. This growth has been largely attributed to substantial reforms in capital markets, strategic policy changes, and enhanced efforts to attract foreign investments.

The Gulf Cooperation Council countries were at the forefront of this surge, accounting for 580 deals worth $90 billion. Cross-border transactions played a pivotal role, representing 52% of the total deal volume and 74% of the overall value. Sovereign wealth funds such as the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority , Mubadala Investment Company from the United Arab Emirates , and the Public Investment Fund from Saudi Arabia were instrumental in driving this activity.

The UAE emerged as a key player, recording the region’s largest M&A deal of the year. Clayton Dubilier & Rice, Stone Point Capital, and Mubadala Investment announced the acquisition of Truist Insurance for $12.4 billion. Following closely, Saudi Aramco acquired a 22.5% stake in Rabigh Refining and Petrochemical Company from Japan’s Sumitomo Chemical for $8.9 billion. Additionally, a consortium comprising PAG, Mubadala, and ADIA acquired a 60% stake in China’s Zhuhai Wanda Commercial Management Group for $8.3 billion.

Outbound deals dominated the M&A landscape, contributing 61% of the total deal value with 199 transactions amounting to $56.6 billion. The MENA region continued to attract foreign direct investment, with 163 inbound deals valued at $11.4 billion, marking an 18% increase in volume and a 42% surge in value compared to 2023.

Sector-wise, technology and consumer products led in deal volume, each experiencing a 10% year-on-year increase. The United States stood out as the largest acquiring country outside the region, with 48 transactions totaling $4.6 billion.

The UAE maintained its position as a preferred investment destination, achieving the highest volume and value for inbound transactions. The country recorded 96 deals valued at $7.6 billion, representing 67% of the total deal value. The technology sector was particularly vibrant, with 35 deals driven by the nation’s focus on artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and digital transformation. Notably, Microsoft’s $1.5 billion acquisition of Abu Dhabi’s Group 42 underscored the strengthening ties between the UAE and the United States.

Saudi Arabia also attracted significant investment, with the UAE and Saudi Arabia collectively reporting 318 deals valued at $29.6 billion. Both countries were among the top bidders in the MENA region, highlighting their active participation in the M&A landscape. In 2024, the United States was the favored target destination for MENA investors, with 41 deals amounting to $19.9 billion.

Domestic M&A activity saw an uptick, contributing 48% of the total deal volume with 339 deals, up from 333 in 2023. The combined disclosed value of domestic transactions stood at $24.4 billion. The technology and consumer products sectors attracted increased investor interest, fueled by digital transformation and evolving consumer behaviors, together accounting for 35% of the total domestic deal volume.

The oil and gas sector continued its upward trajectory, leading in disclosed deal value with $9 billion, representing 37% of the total domestic deal value. This was largely due to Saudi Aramco’s $8.9 billion acquisition of Rabigh Refining and Petrochemical Company.