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iFLYTEK is stepping up its engagement in the Middle East, unveiling two flagship AI products at GITEX 2025 in Dubai as part of a broader strategy to localise its offerings and anchor its presence in the region.

The company’s showcase spans three core portfolios—AI Translation, AI Infrastructure and AI Solutions—tailored for Gulf markets, with particular emphasis on Arabic dialect support and secure deployment. Among the new offerings is the AI Translation Earbuds, designed to enable seamless multilingual communication, and the e-ink AINote 2 work device, both making their global debut at the event. The debut underscores iFLYTEK’s intent to go beyond product marketing, emphasising solutions that address regional business needs.

Vincent Zhan, Vice President of iFLYTEK, asserted that the company is focused “to deliver intelligent solutions that address real business challenges” rather than merely present tech demonstrations. The firm has already placed a local team in Dubai to oversee deployment, maintenance, and customer support. It also customised algorithms to handle multiple Arabic dialects, expecting that linguistic responsiveness will differentiate it from global rivals.

iFLYTEK’s portfolio for the event includes the Spark WallEX system, designed for intelligent space management, along with Spark Smart Blackboard and Spark GuideX. The firm says these are engineered to support a range of sectors, including education, healthcare, enterprise operations and government. Its “All-in-One AI Solution” is positioned as a secure infrastructure package for organisations seeking turnkey AI adoption.

The Middle East expansion is part of a larger international push. Outside Asia, iFLYTEK is targeting Europe, as trade tensions and regulatory pressures create incentives to diversify markets. It is reportedly planning offices in France and Hungary, with growth ambitions in Spain and Italy. In March 2025, Zhan cited tariffs in the US as influencing iFLYTEK’s decision to look more aggressively into Europe and the Gulf.

China’s AI giant also faces headwinds. It was placed on a US trade blacklist in 2019, making procurement of certain high-end components dependent on US approvals. To mitigate vulnerability, iFLYTEK has shifted many of its models to Huawei’s chip platforms. It developed its Xinghuo X1 large language model in partnership with Huawei, reportedly running entirely on domestic chips. The firm claims to have pushed chip efficiency from 20 per cent to nearly 80 per cent of equivalent U. S. hardware, though Huawei leadership acknowledges that domestic chips still lag behind by a generation.

Market observers note that iFLYTEK’s shift toward the Gulf aligns with governments in the UAE and Saudi Arabia pushing AI-first national strategies. However, the company must navigate regulatory, data residency and market competition risks. In the Gulf, local AI and language processing firms are emerging, and global players like Amazon and Microsoft are pressing deeper into the region.

iFLYTEK’s presence at major global events is integral to its positioning. In July 2025, at MWC Shanghai, it launched the Spark All-in-One AI Machine and Dual-Screen Translator 2.0—capable of handling translation across dozens of languages—to reinforce its push into enterprise AI. The company has also rolled out smart products such as the AINOTE Air 2 across Asia and Gulf markets, with strong uptake in multilingual productivity segments.

Strong demand and constrained inventory have pushed Dubai’s residential rents upward for several years. However, multiple indicators now suggest that 2026 will bring slower growth—perhaps even declines—in many segments of the market.

Headline figures already point to a deceleration. Yearly rental growth across residential properties in Dubai fell to about 8.5 percent by May 2025, down from 14.3 percent at the start of the year and 21.1 percent a year earlier. The long-term rental sector is under pressure as new supply enters the market: in the second quarter of 2025, long-term rental contracts fell 6.3 percent year on year, new contracts dropped nearly 8.9 percent, and overall rents declined 12.9 percent in quarterly comparison.

Analysts attribute the cooling largely to a surge in forthcoming housing supply. Some 150,000 new homes are expected to be completed between 2025 and 2027, representing a stock increase of nearly 20 percent in many parts of the market. Fitch Ratings projects residential property values could pull back by as much as 15 percent during late 2025 and into 2026, citing that the volume of handovers will likely outpace demand.

In the mid- and affordable segments, the impact may be most visible. Experts expect that communities with heavy handovers—such as Jumeirah Village Circle, Al Furjan, Dubai South, and surrounding areas—will experience downward pressure on asking rents. Nevertheless, prime areas like Downtown Dubai and Palm Jumeirah are forecast to continue seeing double-digit rent growth, buoyed by scarcity and sustained demand for luxury housing.

A tale of two markets is emerging. In central, premium sectors, landlords maintain leverage, while suburban and emergence zones will offer more negotiation room for tenants. Springfield Properties’ chief executive, Farooq Syed, observes that the large transaction volume and development pipeline into 2026 will provide tenants greater choice—especially in the apartment segment. Cushman & Wakefield Core’s head of research, Prathyusha Gurrapu, describes the trend as “clear signs of stabilisation,” especially outside the top-tier districts.

Beyond supply and demand dynamics, shifts are occurring in tenant preferences. Short-term and flexible lease arrangements continue to gain popularity, particularly among transient professionals and investors seeking yield. In Q2 2025, short-let occupancy remained strong—AirDXB, a key player in Dubai’s short-term rental market, achieved 90 percent occupancy compared to citywide averages around 63 percent. Technology trends are also creeping into real estate: blockchain-based platforms are being tested to automate rent payments and maintenance workflows.

On the investor side, yields remain attractive. Knight Frank reports residential yields are holding in the 5–7 percent range for apartments and 4.5–6 percent for villas and townhouses. But concerns are rising about overleveraged speculative investment, especially in lower-end segments. The Financial Times recently noted that many flippers—investors hoping to resell properties quickly for a profit—are already struggling to offload unfinished units as competition mounts.

Regulatory efforts may also temper volatility. Dubai’s Real Estate Regulatory Agency continues to push for transparency and consistent valuation practices, while the broader Dubai Land Department is moving toward digital registration and enhanced oversight. For tenants, the requirement to declare all occupants in Ejari contracts—an enforcement step introduced in 2025—tightens accountability in co-living arrangements.

Macro-economic fundamentals still support the market, albeit with caution. The emirate’s population passed 3.8 million in 2025, reflecting steady migration and growth—fuelling housing demand. Moreover, Dubai continues to attract global capital, drawn by tax benefits, infrastructure, economic diversification, and a relatively stable environment across the Gulf region.

Pressures are evident however. UBS’s 2025 index flagged Dubai at “bubble risk,” warning that rapid appreciation may not be sustainable without moderation. If large-scale oversupply hits the market at once, correction cycles may deepen in specific micro-markets.

Markets across the crypto derivatives space are on edge as Bitcoin and Ethereum options worth approximately $4.33 billion enter settlement today, setting the stage for heightened volatility in the near term.

On the Deribit platform, Bitcoin dominates the expiries, with about $3.5 billion notional value scheduled for settlement in roughly 30,200 contracts. Its put-to-call ratio stands at 1.23, suggesting more downside protection bets than bullish wagers. The so-called “max pain” level — the strike price at which the greatest number of contracts expire worthless — is pegged at $114,000, close to current trading levels and potentially acting as a magnet for price movement.

Ethereum’s portion comprises about $806.75 million, across 177,398 contracts, with a put-to-call ratio near 0.99, indicating a more balanced bias among traders. Its max pain is estimated at $4,500, just beneath recent market trading ranges.

Derivatives analysts caution that expiries of this size tend to exert short-term pressure on price behaviour, particularly as market makers and institutional actors roll, hedge or unwind positions ahead of settlement. In many past cycles, price action has gravitated toward max pain levels in the hours leading up to expiry.

Volatility expectations are reinforced by elevated implied volatility in both Bitcoin and Ethereum options markets. Some trading desks point to a compression of liquidity around strike clusters and warn that even modest directional flows may trigger outsized price swings.

Some market strategists argue that Bitcoin’s bearish tilt reflects growing hedging demand after price consolidation above major resistance zones. Meanwhile, Ethereum’s near-neutral PCR hints at structural hedging and profit-taking rather than outright directional bets.

Macro factors could amplify sensitivity. With markets digesting central bank policy signals, inflation indicators and equity market drift, crypto derivatives flows may act as a conduit for correlation shocks. That makes expiry day risk not purely technical but potentially reactive to broader sentiment shifts.

Earlier this month, a near-identical expiry event saw $4.3 billion in options settle, with BTC positioning yielding shortterm downside pressure and ETH holding more firmly near its pricing bands. That expiry foreshadowed a larger $18 billion BTC options expiry scheduled for 26 September, intensifying speculation on whether today’s event will prime momentum.

Market watchers are watching order-book depth near the $114,000 and $4,500 levels, as sharp absorption or rejection there may offer clues to directional bias post-expiry. In the absence of sustained trend breaks, much of the post-settlement period could hinge on whether institutions successfully reestablish exposure rather than exit.

Traders are also navigating strategy choices: rolling forward, closing positions, or rebalancing via delta hedges. The interplay of those flows may create forks in volatility—in which the first few hours post-expiry see directionless chop before a stronger move emerges.

Goldman Sachs and a subsidiary of the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority have entered into a co-investment alongside PAI Partners in Froneri, valuing the ice­cream conglomerate at around €15 billion, including debt. The transaction restructures PAI’s 50 per cent stake in Froneri by rolling it into a new vehicle, with ADIA as a “significant minority” and a Goldman-led continuation vehicle also taking a position.

PAI has formally completed the €3.6 billion equity transaction, creating a fresh ownership arrangement for its Froneri shareholding. The Goldman Sachs Alternatives instruments, deployed via a single-asset continuation vehicle, attracted oversubscription, while the ADIA subsidiary secured its role as co-investor. PAI emphasised the move underscores confidence in Froneri’s trajectory and enables further growth ambitions. The firm also appointed Weil as legal counsel for the transaction.

Froneri, launched in 2016 as a 50:50 joint venture between PAI’s R&R Ice Cream and Nestlé’s European ice cream operations, now reports annual revenues near €5.5 billion and over 12,000 employees across 25 markets. In 2019 it further expanded by acquiring Nestlé’s U. S. ice cream arm—bringing brands such as Häagen-Dazs, Drumstick, and Outshine into its portfolio. That acquisition elevated Froneri’s global presence and sharpened the competition with Unilever’s Ice Cream business, soon to be spun off as Magnum Ice Cream Company.

Nestlé is retaining its circa 50 per cent share in Froneri and has expressed support for this new capital injection and structural reset. PAI, on its part, expects the new format to help it maintain alignment with institutional investors while reaping long-term value from an asset already showing consistent growth.

The ADIA involvement aligns with the sovereign fund’s strategy to diversify into private equity and alternative investments. ADIA was among the most active sovereign wealth funds in the first nine months of 2025, particularly in co-investment deals and private equity events across global markets. Placing capital into a well–established consumer goods platform like Froneri helps balance its portfolio between growth and stability.

Continuation vehicles, such as the one orchestrated by Goldman Sachs in this case, have seen increasing adoption in private equity markets. They allow firms to extend holding periods for assets beyond the life of original funds, while offering liquidity options to existing limited partners. In this Froneri transaction, demand exceeded expectations—signalling investor appetite for high-quality consumer assets.

Space42 has issued its Foresight Constellation Viewpoint, a strategic dossier that underscores how Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite systems, when paired with artificial intelligence, can reshape decision making for governments and industries. The viewpoint emphasises the capacity for persistent imaging, all-weather operation and near-instant analytics — capabilities that are becoming mission-critical in an era of intensifying climate, security and infrastructure challenges.

At the heart of the Viewpoint is GIQ, Space42’s AI engine that converts raw SAR data streams into decision-grade intelligence within minutes. The report argues that the combination of high-resolution persistent coverage and AI transforms Earth observation from static imagery into a dynamic intelligence layer for monitoring, planning and emergency response. Launching Foresight-1 in August 2024 and Foresight-2 in January 2025 has already bolstered the UAE’s Earth observation capability.

Space42 frames its approach as not just a technological upgrade, but a sovereign asset: reliance on third-party satellite data leaves states vulnerable to disruptions, but a domestic SAR-analytics ecosystem offers resilience and control. The global SAR market, currently estimated around $5.8 billion, is forecast to nearly double to $9.8 billion by 2030. According to the Viewpoint, deployment of integrated SAR systems can yield cost savings — for instance, reducing predictive maintenance expenses by up to 30 per cent while improving emergency response by as much as 90 per cent.

The technical backbone of this strategy depends on both the satellite constellation and ground systems. Space42 has entered into a joint venture with ICEYE to localise manufacturing of SAR satellites in the UAE, aiming to strengthen supply chains and transfer expertise. The joint venture builds on prior collaboration: ICEYE’s technology underpins the Foresight satellites, and cooperation is intended to deepen over coming years.

Foresight-2 was successfully deployed via a rideshare launch on 14 January 2025, expanding the constellation’s capabilities and reinforcing its ability to revisit areas multiple times per day. With Foresight-1 and 2 in orbit, the full constellation is expected by 2027. The satellites exploit SAR’s unique ability to image through clouds and in darkness — a significant advantage over optical systems, especially in disaster and high-latency environments.

The Viewpoint also positions its narrative with real-world scenarios. It cites the 2023 Turkey earthquake, in which optical systems were hindered by cloud cover, while SAR satellites continued functioning — enabling assessments of a major dam’s structural integrity in crisis conditions. That example supports the argument that SAR ecosystems must be treated not as supplements but as core infrastructure for resilience and security.

Space42 positions itself as a full-stack player: not merely a satellite operator but a systems integrator combining space services, geospatial analytics and AI. Its dual business units—Space Services and Smart Solutions—serve satellite operations and downstream intelligence markets respectively. Among its touted use cases are border surveillance, maritime monitoring, infrastructure health, mobility and disaster management.

Yet challenges remain. Building sovereign SAR ecosystems demands investment in ground infrastructure, antenna networks, data processing centres and skilled personnel. Market competition is increasing: global players—commercial and governmental—are accelerating developments in miniaturised SAR payloads, hybrid optical/SAR systems and edge AI processing. Moreover, the cost dynamics of deploying dense constellations must be managed against returns from clients in defence, environment and infrastructure sectors.

Citi has revised its cryptocurrency outlook with a bold projection that Bitcoin will reach $181,000 within the next 12 months, while lowering its year-end 2025 target to $133,000 amid macro headwinds. The bank’s analysts emphasise that sustained inflows from exchange-traded funds and institutional adoption will serve as the key drivers behind this forecast.

In its latest note to clients, Citi outlined a base case assuming roughly $7.5 billion of inflows into Bitcoin through ETFs and corporate digital treasuries. In its bullish scenario, that figure could accelerate, boosting the upper bound estimate to $156,000 by year-end 2025. On the other hand, if recessionary pressures intensify, the bear case puts Bitcoin as low as $83,000.

Citi trimmed its near-term outlook slightly, revising the 2025 year-end Bitcoin target downward from $135,000 to $133,000. The bank cited factors such as a stronger U. S. dollar and softer gold prices as constraining forces even as demand remains intact. Ethereum’s forecast was upgraded: the bank now expects it to close 2025 at $4,500 and rise to $5,440 over 12 months. The increased optimism for Ethereum stems from its yield-producing features, staking potential and growing institutional interest.

These adjustments came amidst a backdrop of accelerating ETF inflows across asset classes. U. S.-listed ETFs have now amassed roughly $917 billion this year alone, following on from a record $1.1 trillion in the prior year. Bitcoin‐linked ETFs such as BlackRock’s IBIT have contributed meaningfully to that tally, while ETFs offering derivative strategies or income-oriented profiles have also drawn substantial capital.

Market commentators point out that ETFs offer a more accessible, regulated path for institutional investors and financial advisors to gain crypto exposure. That ease of entry, combined with the liquidity and scale of Bitcoin as the “digital gold” play, underpins Citi’s conviction that Bitcoin remains poised to absorb a disproportionate share of new capital entering the crypto sector.

Still, Citi emphasises that its bullish scenario depends heavily on flow continuity. Should macro conditions deteriorate—whether through tighter monetary policy, weaker risk appetite, or geopolitical stress—those inflows could slow or reverse. In such a scenario, Citi’s downside targets become relevant.

Other analysts echo a cautiously bullish tone. Some foresee Bitcoin reaching $160,000 to $200,000 by year-end, citing seasonal patterns and regulatory tailwinds, especially developments in U. S. crypto policy. Others warn that high valuations and volatility could invite sharper pullbacks if sentiment weakens.

The tension between macro headwinds and structural drivers is particularly evident in Ethereum’s case. Unlike Bitcoin, Ethereum supports staking and decentralized finance activity, making it more sensitive to adoption metrics and usage growth. Citi believes that those features make Ethereum increasingly appealing to yield-seeking institutions, especially as its ecosystem matures.

Crypto markets have responded positively to the outlook. Bitcoin has recently moved past $120,000 levels, reaching two-month highs, while Ethereum’s price has also climbed steadily. Some of this momentum, analysts say, appears driven by ETF allocations and strong demand from institutional flows.

A wave of investor appetite lifted the combined market cap of the top 15 public bitcoin miners to $58.1 billion in September, up from $41.6 billion in August and nearly three times the March low of $19.9 billion. That gain vastly outpaced bitcoin’s six-month rise of 21 per cent.

Iris Energy delivered a standout return of +624 per cent, while Applied Digital jumped +345 per cent and Cipher Mining rallied +321 per cent. Other strong performers included TeraWulf, Hut 8 and Bitfarms, up between +179 and +280 per cent; Riot Platforms added +147 per cent, HIVE rose +133 per cent, and Core Scientific gained +105 per cent. Even industry heavyweights such as CleanSpark, Bitdeer and Mara Holdings posted returns well above bitcoin’s own gain.

The bullish momentum coincided with accelerating pivots by mining firms into high-performance computing and AI infrastructure. Cipher Mining secured a 10-year colocation deal with AI cloud provider Fluidstack worth $3 billion, supported by $1.4 billion in backing from Google for lease obligations in return for share warrants. This deal boosted investor confidence and underscored the strategic shift beyond raw bitcoin mining.

Analysts note that miners with credible AI/HPC pivots posted average gains of roughly 57 per cent over the past month, significantly beating more traditional or “pure-play” miners. Those gains also outstripped bitcoin’s roughly 9 per cent rise in the same period.

At the same time, the bitcoin network’s hash rate jumped 9 per cent month on month, reaching an average of about 1,031 exahashes per second. That increase intensified competition and compressed margins: daily block reward revenue fell 10 per cent, and gross profit dropped 17 per cent compared to August.

Although elevated valuations reflect renewed investor faith in the mining sector, concerns about sustainability persist. The widening gap between equity valuations and operating revenues prompts questions about whether mining operators can sustain growth amid rising electricity costs, regulatory risks and hardware supply constraints.

Several firms are doubling down on their diversification efforts. Iris Energy has expanded into cloud services, while Core Scientific is pushing deeper into enterprise AI hosting. TeraWulf recently announced multi-year AI hosting contracts backed by Google and leased deployment capacity across its sites.

Kuwait has issued $11.25 billion in sovereign bonds split across three maturities, marking its first successful US dollar debt sale since 2017 and signalling a renewed re-entry into global capital markets. The offering drew strong investor demand, allowing the country to secure attractive pricing even as it seeks to diversify its funding amid mounting fiscal pressures.

The issuance comprised $3.25 billion in three-year bonds at 40 basis points over US Treasuries, $3 billion in five-year bonds also at 40 bps, and $5 billion in ten-year bonds at 50 bps. Order books reached as high as $28 billion—roughly 2.5 times oversubscribed—enabling Kuwait to tighten guidance from initial levels. Over two-thirds of the allocations went to investors outside the Middle East and North Africa, with significant participation from the United States, Europe, the United Kingdom and Asia.

Acting Finance Minister Subaih Al-Mukhaizeem described the deal as “historic”, citing that it reflects “global markets’ confidence in Kuwait’s financial strength, prudent policies, and solid reserves.” He added that this issuance reinforces Kuwait’s reputation as a credible sovereign issuer while supporting the New Kuwait 2035 vision of economic transformation.

Analysts noted that the spreads achieved in this issuance are significantly tighter than Kuwait’s inaugural dollar bond sale in 2017, underscoring market optimism about its credit metrics and macro outlook. Its low debt burden—currently less than 10 percent of GDP—offers the space for measured borrowing, even while the International Monetary Fund projects that the ratio may rise toward 25 percent by 2030 as deficits widen.

The path to this issuance was opened in March with the passage of a long-delayed public debt law, which raised the borrowing ceiling from KD 10 billion to KD 30 billion and permitted longer maturities. That law had been stalled for years due to clashes between the appointed government and the elected parliament; in response, the emir dissolved parliament for up to four years, clearing the way for reform.

Kuwait is the latest Gulf sovereign to take advantage of favourable global interest rates and strong investor appetite, joining others such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain in tapping dollar markets to address fiscal gaps and finance diversification programmes.

While the bond sale delivers fresh funding, questions remain about Kuwait’s strategy for deploying the proceeds. Its economy remains heavily dependent on hydrocarbon revenues, which accounted for nearly 90 percent of government income in the most recent fiscal year. Previous reporting indicates that proposed projects include infrastructure upgrades such as a new port and airport expansion, intended to generate non-oil revenue streams.

GlobalSource Partners had speculated earlier that Kuwait’s general deficit could rise to between 7 and 8 percent of GDP in the current year, with this issuance expected to cover a large portion of the shortfall. The country has also tapped local debt markets, issuing about $5 billion in domestic bonds before turning to international markets.

By K Raveendran Bill Gates’ recent revelation about how a critical recruitment drive of fifteen Indian engineers had once saved Microsoft from slipping into irrelevance comes at a time when the United States under Donald Trump is imposing restrictive visa measures that are designed to block the very talent pool that had proven indispensable for […]

The article Trump’s Visa Tariff May Be Blessing In Disguise For India’s Talent Reservoir appeared first on Latest India news, analysis and reports on Newspack by India Press Agency).

The city-state’s employers have set a striking pace as they head into the final quarter of 2025: a Net Employment Outlook of 45 per cent signals that nearly three in five organisations expect to expand their workforces. That optimism comes amid shifting global headwinds, structural reforms, and a rising demand for specialised talent.

The ManpowerGroup Employment Outlook Survey canvassed 525 UAE employers across sectors to assess hiring intentions. A positive balance of 45 per cent means that those anticipating workforce increases outnumber those expecting reductions by nearly half. This figure places the UAE among the world’s more aggressive labour markets, especially given challenges such as global trade uncertainty, rising automation, and fluctuating commodity prices.

This projected hiring boom is not evenly distributed. The strongest demand lies in transport, logistics and automotive, energy and utilities, and consumer goods and services. These sectors appear ready to leverage infrastructure projects, green energy transitions, and regional consumption growth. Meanwhile, the information technology sector is showing solid demand at +48 per cent, reflecting sustained digital transformation pushes.

Driving much of this confidence is corporate expansion: 40 per cent of participating firms cited scaling operations as their primary reason for hiring. Another 28 per cent pointed to pivoting business models and growth into new areas. In addition, nearly 30 per cent of respondents acknowledged that talent shortages—and competition for specialised skills—are influencing recruitment strategies.

Yet the buoyant sentiment is tempered by caution. Roughly 10 per cent of employers still expect to trim staff, particularly in roles vulnerable to automation or in sectors facing structural disruption. Around 15 per cent responded that they will hold staffing constant, prioritising internal upskilling over external recruitment. In interviews, some HR executives noted that while they want to hire aggressively, wage inflation, geopolitical uncertainty, and regulatory shifts may prompt them to phase recruitment over several quarters.

Regional and global context strengthens the UAE’s position. In the third quarter of 2025, the UAE recorded a world-leading NEO of +48 per cent. That marked a standout alignment with its long-term growth strategy, and the Q4 figure of +45 per cent suggests sustained momentum rather than a cyclical spike. Elsewhere, the global average NEO stood at +24 per cent during Q3 — placing the UAE’s outlook nearly double the global benchmark.

Analysts view this hiring optimism as part of a broader strategy to reposition the UAE as a knowledge-economy hub. Recent government initiatives have focused on advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, sustainability, and logistics corridors. These programs have triggered demand not only for engineers and technicians but also for data scientists, sustainability consultants, and cross-disciplinary professionals. In one corporates sector round-table, a senior UAE CEO observed that “the competition for deep tech talent is global, and we must offer not just pay but opportunity, stability and a pathway for growth.”

Labour authorities are also aligning policies with employer needs. New visa frameworks, targeted Emiratisation programmes, and regulatory incentives for R&D investment are being synchronized with workforce forecasts. At the same time, the UAE’s PMI for non-oil activity has held above the expansion threshold, underlining demand growth across private sectors and supporting hiring intent.

However, potential headwinds remain significant. Global supply chain disruptions, slowing demand in key export markets, and monetary tightening in major economies could dampen growth. Employers may delay or scale back hiring plans if external pressures intensify. Some labour economists warn of mismatches between skills supplied locally and those demanded, especially in emerging fields.