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Middle East

The United Arab Emirates has consolidated its standing in 2025 as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, underpinned by a surge in non-oil activity, sustained investment inflows and a regulatory framework designed to attract capital and talent. Data released through the year point to broad-based expansion across trade, manufacturing, logistics, tourism, finance and technology, reinforcing a shift away from hydrocarbons as the primary engine of growth.

Non-oil foreign trade climbed 24.5 per cent in the first half of 2025 to AED1.7 trillion, a pace that far exceeds the prevailing global trade growth rate. The increase reflects rising re-exports, stronger demand from Asia, Europe and Africa, and the UAE’s role as a commercial bridge linking major markets. Officials have highlighted gains in machinery, electronics, precious metals, food products and pharmaceuticals, supported by expanded port capacity, faster customs procedures and new trade agreements.

Investment indicators have moved in tandem with trade. The UN Conference on Trade and Development’s World Investment Report 2025 ranked the UAE 10th globally for inbound foreign direct investment in 2024, with inflows of AED167.6 billion. That placing keeps the country among the world’s most attractive destinations for capital, alongside much larger economies, and underscores confidence in the policy environment, infrastructure and legal protections available to investors.

Economic planners attribute the momentum to a combination of structural reforms and targeted incentives. Liberalised ownership rules, long-term residency options for professionals and entrepreneurs, and streamlined licensing have lowered barriers for international firms. Specialised free zones continue to draw companies in logistics, clean energy, advanced manufacturing, fintech and digital services, while onshore jurisdictions have simplified company formation and compliance.

Non-oil GDP growth has been supported by strong domestic demand and an expanding population of skilled workers. Tourism has posted record levels of hotel occupancy and visitor spending, aided by expanded air connectivity and major events that have kept demand resilient across seasons. Retail and hospitality have benefited from rising consumer confidence, while real estate transactions have remained active across residential, commercial and industrial segments.

Manufacturing has emerged as a key contributor, with investments flowing into metals, food processing, pharmaceuticals and building materials. The push to localise supply chains and boost exports has been reinforced by incentives for advanced manufacturing and the adoption of automation and artificial intelligence. Renewable energy and clean technology projects have also attracted capital, aligning economic growth with climate commitments.

The financial sector has played a central role in channelling investment. Banks have reported healthy credit growth to businesses, while capital markets have seen new listings and debt issuance that broaden funding options. Asset managers and private equity firms have expanded regional operations, using the UAE as a base for Middle East, Africa and South Asia strategies. Regulatory clarity in digital assets and fintech has further widened the investor base.

Trade policy has complemented domestic reforms. Comprehensive economic partnership agreements have reduced tariffs and opened access to fast-growing markets, supporting exporters and logistics providers. Improved customs digitisation has shortened clearance times, enhancing the country’s competitiveness as a trans-shipment hub. The scale of non-oil trade growth indicates that these measures are translating into higher volumes rather than merely price effects.

• DAICS^® coin coverage: As of 3^rd December, the top 50 coins by average market capitalization across the past 90 days
• DAICS^® market capitalization coverage: 96.98%*
• The % coverage of market capitalization of the 50th ranked coin: 0.048%**
• Member changes within the Top 50 Coins in DAICS^®: eight coins added and nine coins deleted
• Additions: Zcash (ZEC), World Liberty Financial USD (WUSD), PayPalUSD (PYUSD), Memecore (M), Worldcoin (WLD), Story (IP), Arbitrum (ARB), KuCoin (KCS)
• Deletions: Mantra (OM), GateToken (GT), Official Trump (TRUMP), VeChain (VET), Render (RENDER), First Digital USD (FDUSD), Filecoin (FIL), Cosmos (ATOM), Algorand (ALGO)
• 9 Green Coins labelled: Cronos (CRO), Pi (PI), Internet Computer (ICP), Hedera, Sui (SUI), Toncoin (TON), Arbitrum (ARB), Mantle (MNT), Tron (TRX)

Note:
*Special currency treatment of DAICS^® applies, where any wrapped or second-level cryptocurrency is not considered in the calculation for the market capitalization of DAICS^®
**Based on 3rd December 2025
G: Green Coin

The rankings of additions and deletions for the DAICS^® top 50 cryptocurrencies are listed in Appendix 1. All classification changes, including the ixCrypto Infrastructure Index and ixCrypto Stablecoin index, will take effect on 23^rd January 2026, with market capitalization, rankings, and weightings available at www.ix-index.com.

1. Cryptocurrencies

1.1. Structure and Definitions

Tier 1: Industry Changes
The industry groups remain unchanged, with 5 industries and the respective weightings as follows:

Tier 2: Sector Changes
The number of sectors has increased from 17 to 18. There is one new sector added under the industry group “Tech & Data (140)”:

Identification (14040)
Definition: Cryptocurrencies that facilitate decentralized identity authentication and/or blockchain-based validation of digital intellectual property rights. The classification emphasizes trust, data consent, and privacy as core architectural features while the crypto by itself is not an identity token.

1.2. Reclassification Changes
This review doesn’t have any reclassification of the existing coins. The DAICS® 2H 2025 cryptocurrencies classification is available in Appendix 2.

1.3. Green Coin Label
This review identifies 9 Green Coins, classified based on their energy-per-unit-transaction, which is defined as the amount of energy consumed for a successful single unit transaction of the coin in the blockchain network. The coins selected rank in the top 20 percentile of the least energy-consuming cryptocurrencies out of the 50 DAICS^® constituents. The top 20 percentile’s threshold in this review is ≤ 0.150 Wh. The table below lists these low-energy coins.

Note: G as ‘Green Coin‘ labelling for cryptocurrencies that adhere to the principles of sustainability

2. Asset Backed Tokens (ABT)

2.1. Structure and Definitions

Tier 1: Asset Type Changes
The asset types remain unchanged at 6 as follows:
1) Culture (205),
2) Real Estate (215),
3) Financials (235),
4) Entertainment (255),
5) Natural Resources (265), and
6) Green Economy (275)

Tier 2: Branch Changes
The number of branches has increased from 31 to 32, with a new branch added under Financials (235): Tokenized funds (23540).

2.2. Classification Changes
This review doesn’t have any reclassification of the existing assets.

2.3. Coverage of DAICS^®
A classification summary and definition table of both cryptocurrencies and ABTs are available in Appendices 3 and 4. For further information regarding the methodology of the DAICS^®, please refer to the “IX Digital Asset Industry Classification System”- principle and guiding methodology on the company website https://ix-index.com/daics.html.

For more details on DAICS^® qualification criteria, please email [email protected].

Appendix 1

G: Green Coin

Appendix 2

Note:
G as ‘Green Coin‘ for cryptocurrencies that adhere to the principles of sustainability
NEW for newly added sector

Appendix 3

Note: NEW for newly added sector

Appendix 4

Note: NEW for newly added branch

² United Nations 17 sustainable development goals covering 1) No Poverty 2) Zero Hunger 3) Good Health and Well-Being 4) Quality Education 5) Gender Equality 6) Clean Water and Sanitation 7) Affordable And Clean Energy 8) Decent Work and Economic Growth 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure 10) Reduced inequalities 11) Sustainable Cities and Communities 12) Responsible Consumption and Production 13) Climate Action 14) Life Below Water 15) Life on Land 16) Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions and 17) Partnerships for the Goals https://sdgs.un.org/goals

The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

About DAICS®

DAICS^® covers both cryptocurrencies and asset-backed tokens (“ABTs”), to be reviewed semi-annually at the end of June and December. On the cryptocurrency side, it is a three-tier system that groups cryptocurrencies into 5 main industries: 1) Payment, 2) Infrastructure, 3) Financial services, 4) Technology & Data, and 5) Media & Entertainment. These industries are further divided into sectors and sub-sectors to be introduced in the future. Under asset-backed tokens, there are 6 asset types: 1) Culture, 2) Real Estate, 3) Financials, 4) Entertainment, 5) Natural Resources, 6) Green Economy. These asset types are further divided into branches and sub-branches to be introduced in the future.

About the IX Asia Tokenization Advisory Committee and Working Group

The establishment of the IX Asia Tokenization Advisory Committee (“Advisory Committee”) is to pursue the goal and vision of formulating a standard for a global tokenization framework in a compliant and transparent way. The key role of the Advisory Committee is to formulate the guidelines and references for tokenization in terms of infrastructure, business, financial stability, sustainability, internal control, and classification. The Advisory Committee is comprised of industry-recognised leaders from blockchain consultancy, sustainable projects, and the field of the Art industry.

The establishment of the Working Group is to identify, evaluate and recommend key directions and founding principles according to their specific industry knowledge and expertise in relating to the creation of the specified token. It will examine and propose improvements to the guidelines and references for tokenization. The working group is formed of a diverse group of market experts representing relevant sectors and markets, to provide input and discuss case studies for creation of tokenization framework, best practices and development of real-world projects.

For more information about IX Asia Tokenization Advisory Committee & Working Group, please visit https://ix-index.com/tokenization-committee.html.

Dubai Airports has kicked off what executives describe as one of the most extensive winter flight programmes in its history, as Dubai International and Dubai World Central – Al Maktoum International roll out new airline services, increased frequencies and expanded connectivity to capitalise on sharply rising travel demand. Airlines from Europe, Central Asia and the wider region are boosting capacity, while direct traffic now makes up more than half of passenger movements at DXB, a marker of strong point-to-point travel confidence that underpins the broader network growth.

The winter schedule enhancements come as carriers add new routes and upgrade equipment, signalling robust airline confidence in Dubai’s appeal as an international hub. FlyArystan has joined DXB’s network with twice-weekly flights from Aktau, Kazakhstan, and Austrian Airlines has reinstated five weekly services from Vienna, reflecting growing European engagement. Virgin Atlantic has deployed its larger A350-1000 aircraft on flights into Dubai, increasing seat capacity significantly, and British Airways has restored Airbus A380 operations from London Heathrow, reinforcing transcontinental connectivity. These moves underscore the increasing demand for direct travel to and from Dubai across key long-haul markets.

Connectivity from South Asia and the Middle East is also strengthening, with Varesh Airline initiating twice-weekly flights from Sari, Iran, and Fly Jinnah adding twice-weekly services from Lahore, enhancing point-to-point traffic flows that traditionally surge during the winter travel period. Saudi Arabia continues to be a pivotal market for both airport hubs, remaining DXB’s second-largest country market by passenger share, with combined traffic across DXB and DWC reaching millions of passengers and marking a year-on-year increase. At DWC, passenger numbers have grown sharply, reflecting its rising importance as a complementary gateway within Dubai’s aviation landscape.

DWC’s strategic role has expanded markedly as airlines take advantage of its available capacity to broaden their offerings alongside DXB operations. The airport recorded a substantial rise in passenger volumes over the year and has seen notable increases in cargo and aircraft movements, pointing to broader growth in both passenger and freight activities. Eurowings has played a significant role in this growth, launching a daily service from Stuttgart to DXB, operating a thrice-weekly service from Düsseldorf into DWC, and increasing frequencies to Berlin, Cologne and Hannover, including its Premium Bizclass product on select services.

Dubai Airports’ research leadership highlights this period as pivotal for the sector, emphasising that the breadth of the winter network reflects evolving travel patterns and confidence from airline partners. Direct traffic growth across both airports is attributed to a mix of inbound tourism, outbound resident travel and medium-term relocations, illustrating a diversified demand base that supports sustained connectivity expansion.

Industry observers point out that Europe and Central Asia have been particularly dynamic contributors to the uplift in capacity. FlyArystan’s entry into the market and Austrian Airlines’ service reinstatement exemplify the shifting landscape of global travel demand, with carriers recalibrating their networks to capture increased passenger flows. At the same time, regional carriers are leveraging expanding demand from neighbouring markets, reinforcing Dubai’s position as a central aviation node connecting different parts of the world.

Capacity enhancements on existing routes are another hallmark of this winter schedule. Carriers such as Virgin Atlantic and British Airways have not only increased frequency but also introduced larger, more efficient aircraft to meet peak season travel. This reflects a broader industry trend toward optimising fleet deployment on high-demand city pairs, balancing cost efficiency with passenger comfort.

While the expanded passenger schedule captures much of the spotlight, cargo operations have also seen parallel growth, particularly at DWC where infrastructure and available slots have encouraged carriers and freight operators to scale up activities. Cargo volumes have continued to rise alongside passenger growth, underscoring the dual role of Dubai’s airports as critical hubs for both people and goods movements.

Airport officials note that the broader travel ecosystem — including international business events, sports fixtures, cultural festivals and holiday travel — continues to stimulate demand, complementing the seasonal drivers that historically shape winter travel patterns. This diversified demand mix has provided airlines with a degree of resilience as they invest in expanded services and plan capacity well into the year ahead.

Borouge Plc has been included in the FTSE ADX Dividend Stars Index, a new benchmark launched by Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange in December 2025 that is designed to spotlight companies with a sustained record of dividend distributions, underlining the petrochemicals producer’s position as a core income stock within the local market.

ADX said the FTSE ADX Dividend Stars Index is the first income-focused index of its kind in the region, created to meet growing demand from investors seeking predictable cash returns alongside exposure to liquid, large-cap equities. The index brings together 17 companies that collectively accounted for more than 70 per cent of total cash dividends paid by ADX-listed firms during 2025, highlighting its role as a barometer for dividend strength across the exchange.

Borouge’s inclusion reflects its established dividend policy and scale within the Abu Dhabi market. The company, which produces polyolefins for infrastructure, energy, automotive and packaging applications, has been a consistent dividend payer since listing and is among the exchange’s most actively traded stocks by both institutional and retail investors. Its presence in the index places it alongside leading financial, energy and utility companies that dominate cash returns on ADX.

For market participants, the creation of the FTSE ADX Dividend Stars Index represents a strategic shift in how income strategies can be implemented in the Gulf. Until now, dividend-focused investors relied largely on individual stock selection or broader market indices that did not explicitly weight for income stability. By concentrating on dividend history and payout consistency, the new benchmark offers a clearer framework for portfolio construction aimed at long-term yield.

ADX officials have positioned the index as part of a broader effort to deepen the exchange’s product suite and attract international capital. Abu Dhabi has steadily expanded its market infrastructure through the introduction of sectoral indices, derivatives, exchange-traded funds and sustainability-linked products. An income-focused index is intended to complement these offerings by appealing to pension funds, insurers and asset managers with mandates tied to regular distributions.

Borouge’s operational and financial profile has supported its standing as a dividend anchor stock. The company benefits from integrated feedstock arrangements and proximity to key growth markets in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Its production base in Ruwais, combined with access to Borouge 4 expansion capacity, has strengthened cash generation, even amid volatility in global petrochemical pricing cycles.

The company’s dividend record has also been closely watched in the context of broader consolidation within the Abu Dhabi energy and industrial ecosystem. Strategic alignment with major shareholders has emphasised balance sheet resilience and shareholder returns, factors that are central to index eligibility criteria focused on payout sustainability rather than short-term yield spikes.

The FTSE ADX Dividend Stars Index methodology places weight on historical dividend payments, liquidity thresholds and free-float considerations, ensuring that constituents are both investable and representative of income generation on the exchange. By capturing more than two-thirds of all dividends paid on ADX during the year, the index underscores the concentration of cash returns among a relatively small group of large, established issuers.

Market analysts note that such concentration can work to the advantage of income investors by reducing volatility and enhancing predictability, while also posing questions about diversification within dividend strategies. The index structure addresses this by capping individual weights and maintaining sector balance, allowing exposure to financial services, energy, utilities and industrials without over-reliance on a single name.

For Borouge, index inclusion may translate into incremental demand from passive and semi-passive investment products tracking the benchmark. Fund managers often use newly launched indices as the basis for exchange-traded funds or structured products, potentially increasing liquidity and reinforcing valuation support for constituent stocks.

Dubai International Financial Centre has taken a further step in positioning Dubai as a key node in the global digital economy by strengthening its privacy governance framework and widening its engagement in cross-border trade initiatives, underscored by its admission as a Member of the Global Forum Assembly. The move signals growing international recognition of the DIFC’s data protection regime and its ambition to shape global standards at a time when data flows, digital services and regulatory trust have become central to economic competitiveness.

The DIFC confirmed its membership of the Global Forum Assembly, a multilateral platform that brings together governments, regulators, international organisations and private-sector stakeholders to advance cooperation on privacy, data protection and digital trust. Membership is extended to jurisdictions that demonstrate mature, enforceable frameworks aligned with international norms, placing the DIFC alongside established financial and digital centres that have made privacy governance a core component of their economic strategy.

Officials at the DIFC said the step reflects the centre’s long-term investment in building a regulatory environment that balances innovation with strong safeguards for personal data. The DIFC’s Data Protection Law, which operates independently from federal frameworks, is designed to mirror global best practices, including principles found in European and other advanced privacy regimes, while remaining tailored to the needs of financial services, technology firms and multinational businesses operating across borders.

The timing is notable as digital trade accelerates across financial services, fintech, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and professional services. Businesses increasingly assess jurisdictions not only on tax efficiency or infrastructure but also on the credibility of their data governance. For Dubai, positioning the DIFC as a trusted hub for data-driven commerce supports broader economic diversification goals and aligns with national ambitions to expand digital exports and attract high-value investment.

Participation in the Global Forum Assembly gives the DIFC a seat in discussions shaping the future of cross-border data flows, adequacy frameworks and interoperability between privacy regimes. These debates have intensified as countries seek to protect citizens’ data while avoiding regulatory fragmentation that can raise costs and deter innovation. By contributing to policy dialogue, the DIFC aims to influence standards that enable data to move securely between markets without undermining individual rights.

Regulatory specialists note that the DIFC’s framework has evolved steadily, with enforcement powers, clear obligations for data controllers and processors, and mechanisms for redress. This institutional depth has been a key factor in gaining international credibility. Businesses operating in the centre are required to comply with detailed rules on consent, lawful processing, breach notification and cross-border transfers, creating a predictable environment for global firms managing complex data operations.

The emphasis on inclusive cross-border trade also reflects a shift in how digital economy hubs define competitiveness. Rather than focusing solely on domestic regulation, leading centres are investing in compatibility with other regimes to ensure that companies can scale across regions. The DIFC has positioned its privacy framework as an enabler of such compatibility, supporting firms that serve clients in multiple jurisdictions while maintaining high standards of protection.

Technology policy analysts point out that privacy governance is increasingly intertwined with trust in emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. Robust data protection regimes are seen as foundational to responsible AI development, particularly in financial services where algorithmic decision-making relies heavily on personal and transactional data. By reinforcing its privacy credentials, the DIFC strengthens its appeal to AI-driven firms seeking a stable regulatory base.

The move also has implications for regional competition. Financial centres across the Middle East and beyond are racing to attract digital businesses, often through regulatory innovation. The DIFC’s membership of the Global Forum Assembly distinguishes it within this landscape, signalling alignment with international norms rather than regulatory isolation. This approach may resonate with multinational firms that prioritise consistency across markets.

For policymakers, the development illustrates how sub-national jurisdictions can play an outsized role in global digital governance. Although operating within a broader national framework, the DIFC’s independent legal system and regulator allow it to engage directly with international bodies and contribute expertise drawn from its experience overseeing a diverse ecosystem of banks, asset managers, fintechs and technology companies.

EcoFlow Technology Inc is preparing to file for an initial public offering in the United States that could make the Shenzhen-headquartered portable power specialist one of the most high-profile mainland technology firms to seek equity funding on American exchanges, according to people familiar with the matter. The company is working with financial advisers and is exploring a share sale that could raise several hundred million dollars, signalling growing investor appetite for clean energy and battery technology stocks despite volatility in global markets.

The draft IPO plan represents a strategic pivot for EcoFlow as it seeks broader capital access and enhanced global recognition. Backed by HSG, the firm formerly known as Sequoia Capital China, EcoFlow has grown rapidly by tapping into surging demand for portable and home battery solutions used for outdoor recreation, emergency backup and renewable energy integration. Market participants suggest that the public listing could value the company at billions of dollars, though final pricing and timing remain under consideration.

EcoFlow’s potential move to a US exchange underscores the increasingly international ambitions of Chinese technology manufacturers. While many domestic companies opt to list on local boards such as Shanghai’s STAR Market or Shenzhen’s ChiNext, EcoFlow’s planned New York or Nasdaq debut highlights a shift among select innovators seeking to capitalise on deeper liquidity and global investor bases. Industry analysts note that the IPO could open doors for other clean energy and hardware enterprises from Asia if executed successfully.

Founded in 2017 by former engineers from the drone industry, EcoFlow has established itself as a leading global supplier of portable power stations and energy storage systems. Its product lines include the DELTA and RIVER series, which have gained traction among consumers and businesses looking to reduce reliance on fossil fuel generators. The company’s expansion has also been punctuated by new product launches and partnerships in major retail chains, broadening its footprint in the United States and Europe.

Industry observers say EcoFlow’s performance in the US market will be closely watched by investors assessing the health of hardware-oriented technology firms amidst broader economic uncertainty. Portable power and battery technology have seen increasing interest as climate change concerns boost demand for resilient and sustainable energy solutions. Analysts point to strong year-on-year sales growth through online and in-store channels, including collaborations with national warehouse clubs, as evidence of the company’s commercial momentum.

The proposed IPO is expected to involve at least $300 million in primary share sales, though people familiar with the discussions caution that the figure could shift based on market conditions and investor feedback. An offering of this scale would position EcoFlow alongside a select group of cleantech and energy storage names that have reached public market debuts in recent years. Executives and bankers are said to be conducting roadshows and investor engagements to gauge demand and refine the company’s messaging ahead of filing.

Financial advisers engaged by EcoFlow are reportedly preparing registration statements and compliance documentation required by US regulators. This process typically involves scrutiny of business models, revenue figures and risk factors, and the company will need to articulate its strategy for scaling production, managing supply chains and navigating potential geopolitical tensions affecting Chinese-linked firms listed abroad. If cleared by regulators, the IPO could take place in the first half of next year, subject to market receptivity and pricing dynamics.

Investors familiar with EcoFlow’s trajectory describe the company’s leadership as focused on diversifying revenue streams through both consumer-facing products and partnerships with enterprise clients. The product portfolio emphasises modular and scalable energy solutions that can serve residential, commercial and recreational needs. Market research suggests that consumer interest in backup power and off-grid energy has been buoyed by extreme weather events and grid reliability concerns in developed markets, further enhancing appetite for resilient technologies.

Critics caution that hardware companies face challenges maintaining margins and growth rates as competition intensifies and component costs fluctuate. They note that EcoFlow will need to demonstrate sustained profitability and efficient supply-chain management to satisfy public investors, particularly in an environment where tech valuations are more scrutinised than in prior years. Effective communication of long-term strategy and risk mitigation will be key to fostering confidence among institutional and retail shareholders.

Kuwait has moved to deepen its role in Gulf maritime trade after the Kuwait Ports Authority said it signed a memorandum of understanding with Abu Dhabi Ports Group to develop and operate the container terminal at Shuaiba port under a concession agreement. The arrangement places a major state-backed ports operator from Abu Dhabi at the centre of a facility that has long served as a backbone of Kuwait’s seaborne commerce, signalling a shift towards international partnerships to modernise ageing infrastructure and boost competitiveness.

The memorandum outlines a framework for collaboration that could see Abu Dhabi Ports Group involved in terminal operations, capacity upgrades and efficiency improvements at Shuaiba, subject to regulatory approvals and the finalisation of commercial terms. While financial details have not been disclosed, officials described the understanding as a step towards unlocking investment, technology transfer and operational expertise at Kuwait’s oldest port, which has faced mounting pressure from larger and more automated hubs elsewhere in the region.

Shuaiba port was established in the 1960s and remains a critical gateway for imports and exports despite growing competition from newer facilities along the Gulf. The port covers a total area of about 2.2 million square metres and has 20 berths, according to data published by the Kuwait Ports Authority. Its container terminal includes a storage area of roughly 318,000 square metres, making it a significant asset in a country that relies heavily on maritime trade for food, consumer goods and industrial inputs.

Officials familiar with the discussions said the focus of the partnership would be on improving berth productivity, reducing vessel turnaround times and expanding container-handling capacity to meet shifting trade patterns. Kuwait’s logistics sector has faced challenges linked to congestion, limited automation and slower clearance processes compared with regional peers. Partnering with an experienced international operator is seen as a way to narrow that gap without placing the entire investment burden on the state.

Abu Dhabi Ports Group has expanded rapidly beyond the UAE over the past few years, building a portfolio that spans ports, terminals, maritime services and logistics corridors across the Middle East, Africa and South Asia. Its strategy has centred on long-term concessions and joint ventures that integrate port operations with industrial zones and inland logistics. The Shuaiba memorandum aligns with that approach, offering access to a mature but under-optimised port in a strategically located market.

For Kuwait, the agreement reflects a broader policy push to diversify the economy and improve infrastructure efficiency as part of long-term development plans. While the country has invested heavily in oil and gas facilities, progress in logistics and transport has been slower, partly due to regulatory complexity and limited private-sector participation. Bringing in a regional operator with a track record in terminal modernisation could help accelerate reforms that have proved difficult to deliver through public investment alone.

Industry analysts note that container volumes in the Gulf are increasingly concentrated at mega-ports with deep drafts, advanced cranes and integrated digital systems. Smaller or older ports risk being sidelined unless they upgrade or specialise. Shuaiba’s location near industrial zones and population centres gives it an advantage, but sustaining that position requires capital spending and operational know-how. The proposed concession model would allow Kuwait Ports Authority to retain ownership while delegating day-to-day operations to a specialist partner.

The memorandum also carries geopolitical and commercial significance. Closer cooperation between Kuwait and Abu Dhabi in maritime infrastructure adds to a growing web of Gulf logistics partnerships aimed at strengthening regional supply chains. As global trade routes adjust to disruptions in other corridors, Gulf ports are competing to attract transshipment traffic and value-added services. Collaboration rather than rivalry is increasingly seen as a way to enhance resilience and bargaining power with global shipping lines.